Many gold deposits have been found in the western section of East Kunlun Mountains in Qinghai Province.This area is characterized by complex geological structure，frequent magmatic activity and excellent metallogenic conditions.The geology and prospecting potential of gold deposit were carried out and the metallogenic regularity of gold deposits was preliminarily summarized in this area.However，the late discovery of the deposit and inconvenient natural conditions restrict the systematic study of the genetic types of gold deposits and the establishment of the metallogenic model of the main types of gold deposits in the area，which seriously restricts the breakthrough of gold exploration.Based on the classification of gold deposits at home and abroad and the 27 gold deposits（points） discovered in the study area，this paper determines that the genetic types of gold deposits in the study area are orogenic type，contact metasomatic type，post magmatic medium and low temperature hydrothermal type and mechanical sedimentary type.Among the 27 deposits，there are 18 orogenic gold deposits，accounting for two-thirds.The estimated resource of orogenic gold deposits accounts for 51%.Therefore，orogenic gold deposits are the most important type in the western section of East Kunlun.Through the analysis of metallogenic environment，it is considered that orogenic gold deposits in the area mainly formed in the Late Triassic.Deep fault is the main ore controlling structure，while ductile shear zone，secondary brittle fault，structural fracture and interlayer fracture zone are good ore storage structures.The ore-forming materials come from the background of post collision compression strike slip，and tectonism provides the basis for the accumulation and precipitation of ore-forming materials.Through the study，the metallogenic model of gold deposit in the study area is preliminarily established.Regional metallogenic model of gold deposit manifested as：In the Triassic collision-post collision stage，the regional crust mantle interaction strongly formed the mantle crust derived granite and its related gold mineralization system.The main types of gold deposits are contact metasomatic type and post magmatic medium and low temperature hydrothermal type，which occur in the outer contact zone of the rock mass and the top of the rock mass respectively.The former is such as Haxiyatu deposit and Tawenchahanxi deposit，and the latter is such as Kude’erte deposit.At the same time，the whole region is under the condition of compressive strike slip deformation tectonic stress，and the deep and large fault activity is strong，which leads to the deep metamorphic hydrothermal solution and controls the development of ductile shear zone.The deep metamorphic hydrothermal fluid moves upward under the control of the ductile shear zone. In the process of metamorphism，the ore-forming materials dispersed in the formation rocks are activated into the metamorphic fluid and become the gold initially enriched in the ore bearing hydrothermal medium basic volcanic rocks and other rocks，forming the gold bearing metamorphic hydrothermal fluid.In the ductile brittle deformation transition zone of ductile shear zone，or its side brittle fracture，structural fracture and interlayer structural zone，due to the reduction of pressure and the temperature of gold bearing metamorphic hydrothermal solution，gold and other metallogenic elements precipitated and formed orogenic gold deposits.After the Late Paleozoic-Early Mesozoic orogeny，the region continued to develop intracontinentally （basin mountain transformation），the mountains rose strongly，and placer gold deposits were formed in Cenozoic.

With the intellectualization of mining equipment，its reliability problem is becoming more and more prominent，and has become an important topic in the mining industry.In this work，the method combining fuzzy fault tree analysis and Monte Carlo simulation was proposed to analyze the reliability of the intelligent shovel system for actual operation in the Sanshandao mine.By analyzing the performance of the system and its operation condition in the mine，the main factors affecting the reliability of the intelligent shovel operation system were determined.Taking the operation failure of the intelligent shovel system as the top event，16 intermediate events，as well as 33 bottom events，were determined，and a fault tree model was established through field investigation，literature review and expert discussion，etc.Using the method of fuzzy set theory，the language values were transformed into fuzzy numbers according to the corresponding affiliation functions by the results feedback from 10 experts.Then，the fuzzy number was transformed into the corresponding probability of brittle failure and probability of failure by using the formula of fuzzy number，upon which the probability of occurrence of the bottom event was obtained.Based on the occurrence probability of each bottom event，the quantitative analysis of the fault tree was carried out to obtain the minimum cut set of the fault tree.Thus，the probability of failure of intelligent shovel operation was calculated，and its value is 0.3481%，which is in line with the actual situation of production.In order to obtain the dynamic law of system reliability with time，the Monte Carlo simulation method was used based on the established fault tree model.The simulation parameters and process were set reasonably，and the Monte Carlo simulation algorithm was written，upon which the mean time to failure，reliability and unreliability curves and system failure probability curves were obtained.Through the analysis of the results，the effective running time and the change in the failure probability of the system were judged，which can provide a reference for the maintenance of the equipment.Moreover，the simulation importance of the bottom events was also calculated.The results indicate that the management reason（operation specification failure） and personnel reason（information communication failure） have the greatest impact on system reliability，and the most influential mechanical reasons are operation device failure and brake system aging.Managing from the above events，the probability of system failure can be effectively reduced.The results are consistent with the actual engineering situation，which demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method.This work can provide a reference for the production and operation of the mine and can be promoted in mines and other industries.

Determining the rock mechanical parameters by static experiments is of great significance for optimizing the open-pit bench blasting scheme and improving the blasting effect.Therefore，the rock mass in an open-pit copper mine in China was taken as the research object，by applying the HM-82L rebound hammer whose impact kinetic energy is 0.735 Nm，a large number of in-situ measurements of rock mass mechanical properties were conducted.Meanwhile，dozens of standard samples were prepared from the on-site rock core.On the one hand，the test of rock longitudinal wave velocity was carried out by using SET-PLT-02 ultrasonic testing instrument，and the uniaxial compression experiment was performed as well based on the MTS-322 hydraulic-servo mechanical testing machine.The result of field rebound measurement indicates that the rebound value of the porphyry at the southern end of the mining area is greater than that of the skarn at the northern end，and the rebound value gradually decreases with the increase of the weathering degree of the rock mass.In addition，the results of indoor physical and mechanical test show that the variation laws of rock wave velocity，uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus are generally consistent with the rebound value，it is shown from the fitting curves that there are linear positive correlations between P-wave velocity，uniaxial compressive strength and rebound value，whereas an exponential correlation is generated between elastic modulus and rebound value.All the fitting correlation coefficient indicate that it is reliable to estimate the rock wave velocity and basic mechanical parameters by using the rebound value.The achievements of this study provide a reliable methodology to quickly and reliably obtain the basic physical and mechanical indicators of the rock mass in the open-pit copper mine.

In order to accurately describe the whole process of rock stress-strain curve，a statistical damage contitutive model considering the effect of rock microdefects was proposed.Firstly，rocks containing microdefects are analysed and abstracted into a rock skeleton part and a defective part without microdefects.The rock microdefects include initial microdefects and new microdefects added to the rock by loading，which can only generate strain but not stress.The strain generated by the initial microdefects is negatively exponential to the stress during the compression-density stage，and the model parameters n and V_m are obtained by fitting the experimental curve of closed strain-stress for the microdefects.After the compression-density stage，the initial micro-defects are completely closed and the resulting strain is a constant.As additional micro-defects are mainly generated in large numbers in the post-peak stage，the effect of additional micro-defects on the post-peak stage is mainly considered.A variable b in the range of 0 to 1 is used to represent the weakening effect of the strain formed by the additional micro-defects on the strain generated in the rock.Different values of b can reflect the degree of strain softening in the rock，and a method for determining the value of b is given to obtain the value of b under different stress states for different rocks.The deformation of the rock skeletal part without micro-defects and whose damage conforms to the Weibull probability distribution，the deformation of the rock skeletal part and the micro-defective part make up the deformation of the rock，which leads to the derivation of the damage constitutive model of the rock，and the specific determination method of the parameters m and F₀ of this damage constitutive model is given.The parameters of the model are discussed.The smaller the value of b，the greater the strain generated by the new microcracks in the rock and the more obvious the strain softening is.The damage variables of the rock are analysed for different values of b.The smaller the value of b，the faster the damage value of the rock reaches 1 and the faster the skeletal part of the rock is damaged.The damage costitutive model in this paper takes into account the compression-density phase，the strain-softening phase，the effect of residual strain，and can characterise all phases of the rock stress-strain curve，and the model parameters are small and the method of determination is clear.Finally，the model is validated with sandstone and saprolite test data，and the test data agree with the theoretical results，indicating the reasonableness of the model.

Rubidium，as one of the rare metals，plays an increasingly prominent role in military and civilian fields.The granite rubidium deposit is the main type of rubidium ore with high economic value.Recently，lots of exploration achievements and research progress have been made in the granite rubidium deposit，but there is no systematic summary and review.In addition，as the national strategic resource and an important reserve base of critical metals，the prospecting direction of rubidium deposit in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are still unclear.This paper summarized and reviewed the granite type rubidium deposit from the metallogenic age，geological background，ore-controlling structure，ore-bearing rocks，geological characteristics of deposit and metallogenic mechanism.Then，combined with the new exploration achievements of rubidium deposit in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau，reveal its metallogeny and exploration direction of rubidium deposit. For the subsequent exploration evaluation and theoretical research of granite-type rubidium deposits，the occurrence state，fluid characteristics and source of rubidium can be identified by mineralogical evidence，such as microscopic identification，backscattering and scanning electron microscopy，combined with current cutting-edge analytical techniques and methods，such as electron probe，LA-ICP-MS analysis and in-situ O isotope analysis.Furthermore，the process and genesis mechanism of rubidium mineralization were revealed.According to the specific geological characteristics of different metallogenic zones，based on the study of regional geological background，magmatic activity，rock properties and tectonic interpretation，the metallogenic dynamic background of different zones was summarized.A systematic comparative study was carried out on the ore-bearing and non-ore-bearing rock masses of several large and ultra-large granitic rubidium deposits to reveal their petrogeochemical characteristics in detail and clarify the mineralization specificity.At the same time，it is recommended to use the frontier conventional and unconventional isotope analysis，such as micro situ oxygen isotope，lithium isotope，etc.，to explore the source of ore-forming materials （rubidium，fluid） in detail.According to the research results，three prospecting direction are recommended.The first is by looking for the high differentiation granite as the rubidium vision area.The second is，by combining with the comprehensive analysis of infrared spectral characteristics，to explore albitization，greisenization，Tianhe petrochemical altered minerals and fluorite，topaz and other fluorides.The last is to use geophysical prospecting method for delineating magnetic anomaly and IP anomaly center，these methods have a good indicative significance for finding granitic rubidium deposits.

At present，driverless mining truck is gradually applied in the production of open-pit mine，however，the road structure of open-pit mine is complex，and the mining truck is prone to collision in driving due to the conflicting driving trajectories and perception limitations，and the existing sensor-based perception obstacle avoidance methods are prone to decisions such as emergency braking and emergency stopping and decelerating and stopping before starting，which not only cause tire wear and fuel waste，but also seriously affect the passing efficiency.In order to solve the above problems，based on the prominent features of the open-pit mine passage scene such as single traffic background，planning，organization and closure，and the advantage that driverless mine cards can accurately execute the planning speed，a mining card full passage speed optimization and collaborative planning method based on time distance constraint dissipation workshop conflict and planning speed based on adaptive trapezoidal speed planning method was proposed.The method first abstractly models the road network scenario based on road information and specifies the corresponding maximum speed limit according to the actual situation of different road sections.The second step is to combine the information of the traveling mine cards in the road network to detect the conflict between mine cards at each node in the target mine card traveling path.The third step is to add time distance constraint to each node to dissipate the conflict between mining cards according to the type of conflict between mining cards，and finally to use adaptive trapezoidal speed planning method to generate the whole collaborative passing speed scheme for the target mining card.The experiments use the traditional stop-and-go obstacle avoidance algorithm as a comparison，and the results show that the method can dissipate the conflicts between mining cards and maintain the safe distance between the front and rear vehicles without affecting the normal passage of other moving mining cards，and improve the smoothness of the speed of the target mining card in driving，while reducing the passage time by 21% compared with the traditional stop-and-go obstacle avoidance algorithm.

Based on stakeholder theory and social exchange theory，this paper analyzes the impact of resource-based enterprises’ fulfillment of social responsibility on enterprise performance from two aspects of cost payment and benefit inflow，and discusses human capital from the aspects of information communication efficiency and resource allocation efficiency.Using the panel data of China’s Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed resource-based companies from 2011 to 2020，this paper conducts an empirical analysis on the relationship between corporate social responsibility（CSR） and corporate performance，and constructs a regression model of curve adjustment effect to investigate the impact of human capital quality on corporate social responsibility.The study found that the impact curve of CSR on the performance of resource-based enterprises is an inverted U-shaped of first promoting and then suppressing，appropriate CSR performance of resource-based enterprises can significantly improve performance，while excessive CSR performance of resource-based enterprises will damage performance.The quality of human capital has a significant moderating effect on the inverted U-shaped relationship between corporate social responsibility and resource-based enterprise perfor-mance.The possession of high-quality human capital in resource-based enterprises will significantly reduce the negative impact of corporate social responsibility on performance，improve the positive impact to a limited extent，make the curve form smoother，and shift the inflection point to the right.This study has important enlightenment significance for guiding resource-based enterprises to fulfill their social responsibilities.

In order to improve the prediction accuracy of loose zone of excavation damaged zone around roadways and provide more scientific guidance for surrounding rock support and ground pressure management，a new prediction method was proposed.The improved Adaboost regression algorithm was used to integrate and optimize three machine learning algorithms，the optimal value of the error rate threshold was found to achieve the global optimal integration of Adaboost.The grid search was used to optimize the hyperparameters of BP，SVM and RF，and the regression prediction models of BP-Adaboost，SVM-Adaboost and RF-Adaboost were established.The results show that the prediction performance of BP-Adaboost is the best，it had the lowest error rate at 7.65 percent.The verification analysis was carried out based on the test example of excavation damaged zone around roadway，the results show that the mean relative error is 4.15%.Therefore，the model proposed in this paper can provide reference for the excavation damaged zone around roadway and meet the needs of engineering applications.

Pyrite is the main gold-bearing mineral in Longtougou gold deposit.In this paper，the crystal morphology and chemical composition typomorphic characteristics of pyrite in Ⅰ-1 and Ⅳ-1 orebodies were studied from the perspective of minerals，and five points of insights were obtained.The research methods include optical thin section observation under microscope，electron probe，energy spectrum analysis，etc.The results show that the crystal morphology of pyrite in the study area is relatively simple，and pentagonal dodecahedron crystal morphology occupies the highest proportion.In general，the probability of pyrite crystal morphology from high to low is pentagonal dodecahedron，poly，cube and octahedron.The 1 160 m middle section of the study area is the most mineralized section，and the 1 080 m section is the secondary mineralized section，and pentagonal dodecahedral pyrite is superior to other crystal morphology in gold bearing.The w（S）is 52.71% to 67.80%，with an average of 55.79%，and the w（Fe） is 28.66% to 45.33%，with an average of 42.43% in pyrite.In general，the pyrite in this area is sulfur-rich and iron-deficient.Co/Ni values range from 1.383 to 13.333，with an average value of 2.88，w（Se） is about 4×10^-4，and S/Se ratios range from 0.76×10³ to 5.39×10³，indicating that the formation of Longtougou gold deposit is related to volcanic hydrothermal genesis.The score X of crystal morphology and D value range from 0 to -13.33 and 0.6520 to 1.1345 respectively，indicating that the ore body is basically located in the middle and lower part，that is，the engineering control section of the mineralization area is still in the middle and shallow part.There is still prospecting potential in the east of line 131 below 1 080 m middle level and Xianggou area to the west of Longtougou gold area.

At present，the evaluation system and methods of green mine construction in the gold industry are not perfect.On the one hand，in most studies，when establishing the index system，the internal relations between indicators were ignored，and only the influencing factors related to green mine construction in general were listed.On the other hand，most of the models lack completeness when establishing the evaluation model， they only evaluate the construction results at a certain time point without showing the change trend of the construction process.Based on the framework model of driving forces，pressure，state，impact and response，the evaluation index system of green mines in gold industry was constructed to express the internal relationship between indicators more intuitively.In building the evaluation model，the subjective and objective combination weighting method was introduced so as to make the index weight meet the subjective expectations of the decision-makers and the objective judgment requirements of the inconsistency between the indicators.The TOPSIS coupling coordination model was introduced to quantitatively evaluate the space-time evolution process of green mine construction and the coupling coordination among subsystems，and the main obstacle factors affecting the green mine construction of enterprises were analyzed，providing guidance countermeasures for the improvement of green mine construction of enterprises.Through the analysis of an actual case of a gold mine in Shaanxi Province，it is concluded that the green mine construction of the general system of the mine and the coupling and coordination degree between the subsystems are steadily increasing，the construction of each subsystem is fluctuating.The industrial production capacity（C₁），the energy consumption（C₅），the mine environment（C₉），and the mineral processing（C₁₁） are the main obstacles in the construction process，which are consistent with the actual construction of the mine，and the applicability of the model is verified.The evaluation index system established in this paper clarifies the function mechanism of each index of green mine construction，which helps enterprises flexibly respond to a series of related factor changes caused by a certain index change.The established evaluation model improves the defect of subjective influence on the evaluation results in the traditional evaluation，highlights the internal connection and coordination between the evaluation indicators，makes the evaluation process and results more fair and reliable，and provides an effective way to promote the sustainable development of the gold industry mining industry.

Cyanide in cyanide-containing wastewater is a highly toxic substance.Leakage of cyanide-containing wastewater into the environment will cause environmental pollution of water and soil and damage human health.cyanide into the organism will release cyanide ion （CN^-），which will combine with the ferric iron oxidase in the mitochondria of cells，inhibit the reduction of ferric iron，hinder the normal respiration of cells，make cells lose the function of oxygen transfer，resulting in tissue hypoxia，leading to biological asphyxia and death. China has formulated strict standards for the discharge of cyanide wastewater.Therefore，it is necessary to carry out harmless treatment of cyanide-containing wastewater.Adsorption method is widely used in the treatment of cyanide-containing wastewater due to its advantages of simplicity，efficiency and economy.The widely used cyanide adsorption materials in the field of water treatment were reviewed，including carbonaceous adsorption materials，mineral materials，resin materials and new micro/nano materials，etc.The advantages and disadvantages of different adsorption materials in treating cyanide wastewater were compared.At the same time，the adsorption performance and mechanism of different adsorbents were discussed，mainly including the specific surface area of ??adsorbent materials，the treatment depth of cyanide，adsorption capacity，adsorption thermodynamics and kinetics.Adsorption mechanisms such as physical adsorption，chemical bonding，electrostatic attraction and ion exchange all occur in the adsorption of cyanide by adsorbent materials，such as activated carbon，zeolite，bentonite and other materials with rich pore structure for physical adsorption of cyanide.Metallic elements such as Cu，Zn，Fe and other metal elements in adsorbent materials can form metal complex cyanide chemical bond with CN^- in the solution.The anion in the ion exchange resin，quaternary ammonium salt or nitrate modified material can occur ion exchange with cyanide.The research directions of cyanide adsorption materials in the future are prospected to provide reference for the development and application of cyanide adsorption materials，such as further development of easy access，large adsorption capacity，small desorption coefficient，recyclable，easy to recover，green and environmental protection，no secondary pollution，high selectivity adsorption materials.

When the traditional limit equilibrium method is used for slope reliability analysis，because of the performance function is implicit and the form is complicated，the iterative process of solving the function becomes complicated and the computational efficiency is low.Aiming at the above problems，a CNN-LSTM model method was proposed.The principle of this method is to first extract the data features by using convolutional neural network（CNN），and then predict the slope failure probability by using short and long time memory network（LSTM）.On the basis of fully considering the value range of the CNN-LSTM model’s hyperparameters，the five-factor and four-level orthogonal test table was used to design the hyperparameters.Finally，the convolutional output dimension of the first layer and the second layer of the CNN network architecture in the CNN-LSTM model were determined to be 64 and 8 respectively.Dropout ratio is 0.5，the number of the first layer of the LSTM structure is 5 units and the number of the second layer of hidden layers is 20 units，respectively.The 420 slope sample data collected from central and western regions of China were used to train the model according to the ratio of 7∶3 between the training set and the verification set，and the optimal parameters of the CNN-LSTM model were obtained. Finally，Yanshanji landslide was taken as an example to illustrate the feasibility of the model method.The CNN-LSTM model was compared with Monte Carlo method（MCS），response surface method，single CNN，LSTM model and multiple linear regression model in terms of computational efficiency and failure probability prediction.The results show that：（1）When the MCS sampling times is 10 000，compared with the traditional MCS，although the CNN-LSTM model has a relative error of 4.35% in predicting the slope failure probability，in terms of computational efficiency，the CNN-LSTM model takes 45.28 s and the MCS takes 119 s，so the CNN-LSTM model increases the efficiency nearly 2 times.（2）When the single CNN model and LSTM model both adopt two-layer architecture，although the number of parameters of the CNN-LSTM model is not optimal，it has excellent performance in terms of calculation time and prediction accuracy of failure probability due to the small overfitting risk of the model.Compared with the multiple linear regression model，the relative error of CNN-LSTM prediction is 4.35%，and that of multiple linear regression is 34.78%.Through the above two points，the CNN-LSTM model can well complete the analysis of slope reliability，and avoid solving the implicit performance function，and the work efficiency is high.

In order to realize the comprehensive recovery of valuable metals in the cyanide circulating liquid，the comparative test and analysis of acidification and SART processes（Vulcanization-Acidification-Recycling-Concentration Process） was conducted，and the application of SART process was finally determined.Then the circulating liquid generated in the cyanide gold extraction process of the domestic gold industry was purified for the first time，and the step-by-step recovery and separation and precipitation of zinc and copper in the liquid phase of the cyanidation cycle were realized.47.45% zinc mud and 54.38% copper sludge were produced respectively，and recovered with high-grade precipitate products.And the weakly complexed cyanide is converted into free sodium cyanide and then returned to the production system for recycling，thereby reducing the cost of the cyanidation process.The application of SART process not only realizes the recovery of valuable metals，reduces the cost，but also solves the employment problem，reduces the pressure of subsequent smelting and environmental protection，and achieves good economic，environmental and social benefits.

The reasonable evaluation of rock quality is the basis for engineering design and construction，and it is of great significance to the safe production and economic benefits of mines.In view of the complex conditions and ambiguity of rock quality evaluation，on the basis of comprehensive reference to relevant research literature，five parameters were selected as rock quality evaluation indexes，including core quality index RQD value（X₁），uniaxial compressive strength of rock σ_c（X₂），rock integrity coefficient K_v（X₃），structural surface strength coefficient J（X₄）and unit time water seepage S（X₅），and a rock quality evaluation model of G1-EW-TOPSIS method based on game theory idea was proposed and applied to the rock quality evaluation of the first mining middle section of a silver polymetallic mine in Inner Mongolia.To verify the validity of the model，firstly，a field survey was conducted to determine five measurement points for the structural surface condition and groundwater flow of the rock mass in the first mining middle section of the mine，and then the subjective weight ω₁ and objective weight ω₂ of the indexes of the measurement points were obtained by combining the G1 method and EW method through game theory to obtain the comprehensive weight ω.Finally，TOPSIS was used to calculate the relative closeness of each measurement point under each rock quality class to determine the rock quality class of the measurement point.The results show that the five rock quality grade evaluation indexes selected in this paper can better reflect the state of the rock mass.The method of calculating the com-prehensive weight of the model not only overcomes the shortcomings of the single assignment method，but also reduces the error and improves the ability of the model to deal with multi-objective decision problems.The rock quality in the first middle section of this mine is mainly evaluated as grade Ⅲ and grade Ⅳ，the rock quality is poor，and the support needs to be strengthened for the roadway and the exposed surrounding rock of the quarry where the rock quality is grade Ⅳ.The calculation results of the model completely match with the rock quality of 5 measurement points at the mine engineering site，which provides a new idea for rock quality evaluation.

The Fuwen gold deposit is located in Fuwen County，central and northern Hainan Province，and also in the northern margin of the Wuzhishan fold belt of the South China fold system.The Early Cretaceous Lumuwan Formation （K₁l） is mainly exposed in the ore district.The structure in this area is developed，the magmatic volcanic movement is more frequent，the gold mineralization points are more，and the metallogenic geological conditions are better.Geological and mineral work was carried out earlier in the area，including geophysical exploration，geochemical exploration，mineral exploration，etc.，but these works focused on the ore fabric characteristics，sulfide characteristics，ore-forming fluid characteristics and isotope date of the deposit，and the research methods of element geochemical testing of gold deposits are less involved.In order to further explore the source of ore-forming materials of Fuwen gold deposit，this paper analyzed the main，trace and rare earth elements of quartz vein type ore，clastic sedimentary rock and magmatic rock of Lumuwan formation.The chemical analysis of the main components of the clastic sedimentary rocks in Lumuwan Formation shows that the weathering and alteration of the source area are weak，which reflects that the sedimentary rocks were first deposited in the active tectonic belt，and the provenance is mainly felsic rocks.The results of chemical analysis of rare earth elements show that REE is characterized by enriched LREE，lost HREE，and right-inclined normalized curve patterns，and the standardized distribution curves of REE in each sample are basically the same.It is inferred that the ore has homology with strata and rock masses.The results of trace element chemical analysis show that the ore，Lumuwan Formation strata and rock mass （quartz diorite，fine-grained granite） are significantly lost in Ba，Nb，Sr，Hf and enriched in Rb，Th，U，Pb，Sm，and their distribution trends are similar.Comprehensive analysis shows that the formation of Fuwen gold ore body in Hainan is closely related to Lumuwan strata and rock mass.Both of them provide ore-forming materials for the formation of ore bodies，and the deposit type is a magmatic hydrothermal deposit.

The vibration caused by blasting is likely to cause instability and failure of facilities such as underground roadways，high and steep slopes in mining areas or ground buildings under dynamic action.Therefore，it is particularly important to predict the intensity of blasting vibration.The accurate prediction of peak particle velocity（PPV） is the premise of effectively controlling the vibration hazard of blasting engineering，but the current empirical formula for predicting the peak particle velocity is not accurate enough.Machine learning has obvious advantages in solving the problem of nonlinear relationship.In order to improve the prediction accuracy of the PPV prediction model，this study proposes to optimize the number of trees and the minimum number of leaf points in the random forest （RF）by slime mould algorithm （SMA） ，which overcomes the inability to obtain the optimal hyperparameters by using a single RF algorithm.Based on a dataset of 23 samples with four input parameters （minimum resistance line-r，height difference-H，maximum segment dose-Q_max，horizontal distance-W） and one output parameter（PPV） collected in an open-pit blasting engineering example，the combination of four parameters of these four parameters （Q_max-H-W-r、Q_max-H-r、Q_max-W-r、Q_max-r） was used as the input parameters in the RF algorithm，and then MAE，RMSE，MEDEA and R² evaluate the prediction effect of the SMA-RF model for four different input parameters to determine the optimal combination of parameters.In this model，the fitness function in SMA is defined as the root mean square error of the predicted value to enhance the robustness of the RF model.Then，the performance of SMA-RF model and unoptimized RF model and six empirical formulas commonly used in China and abroad were compared.The results show that the SMA-RF model has better prediction accuracy than the RF model，and the SMA-RF model has significantly better prediction effect than the six empirical formulas.In addition，Q_max-H-W-r can train the optimal SMA-RF model in the combination of four parameters，so it is recommended to be used to predict PPV in engineering practice.

Pakistan is rich in mineral resources and is one of China’s “all-weather strategic partners” and an important mining investment country.Based on the five risk levels of politics and law，economy and finance，resource extraction，social culture and infrastructure，this paper constructs a mining investment environmental risk evaluation index system in Pakistan from a dynamic perspective.The weight of indicators is determined by the improved CRITIC method，and the index information is collected by the TOPSIS method to explore the possible risk factors of Pakistan’s mining investment environment，so that the evaluation results are more accurate，scientific and referenceable.The deep learning model was used to predict the mining investment environment in Pakistan from 2023 to 2033，which provides a reference for the risk prevention of Pakistan’s mining investment environment in the future.The results show that：（1）Anti-globalization risk，resource abundance，social stability，environmental regulation，credit risk and corruption risk sink are the main influencing factors of Pakistan’s mining investment environment.（2）From 2000 to 2022，Pakistan’s mining investment environment score generally showes a spiraling trend，and the risk level was stable after being reduced to medium risk.In addition to the overall dynamic downward trend of infrastructure risk scores，the political and legal risks，economic and financial risks，social and cultural risks and resource exploitation risk scores all show a fluctuating upward trend.（3）From 2023 to 2033，Pakistan’s mining investment environment will be reduced from medium risk to low risk level，stable and improving.

The Geita greenstone belt is located in the northwest of Tanzania craton，and developed a world-class large-scale gold deposit with a 387 t gold resources，namely Geita gold deposit.The main rock type of Geita greenstone belt is banded iron formation（BIF），volcanic clastic sedimentation and kavirondian system conglomerate，both with syn-orogenic granite，lamprophyre and trachyandesite.The structure of folds and shear zones are well developed in the area，and the structure directions are mainly NW-SE，NE-SW and nearly E-W.The gold veins are developed in the contact of BIF and lamprophyre，and found in nearby parallel quartz veins.The characteristics of geochemistry shows that the orebodies were formed from the magmatic hydrothermal，and hosted in the shear zone.Based on the study of geology，typical gold deposits and ore-forming age of the Geita greenstone belt，this paper determines the era of mineralization and summarizes the evolutionary history of Geita greenstone belt.As a preliminary view，the evolutionary history of Geita greenstone belt shows many periods，including volcanic activities，deposit formation，tectonic activities，multi-hydrothermal activities and tectonic reworking.For the tectonic reworking of Geita greenstone belt，determines the main era of mineralization is （2 699±9）~（2 617±17）Ma，and the Geita gold deposit is a typical greenstone belt gold deposit of orogenic belt type of Archean.

In recent years，many types of gold deposits have been found in Wangjiaping-Shangnan area，Shaanxi Province.Due to the lack of detailed antomy of the typical deposits in the region，and insufficient understanding of the ore-controlling factors，occurrence regularity，and genesis of the regional gold deposits，the metallogenic regularity and propecting direction in the region are not clear，which restricts the propecting breakthrough in this area.On the basis of investigating the regional geological structure background，the geological characteristics，ore-controlling factors and ore-bearing laws of typical gold deposits in Wangjiaping-Shangnan area were systematically sorted out.Combined with the characteristics of fluid inclusions in typical gold deposits，the spatial distribution characteristics，metallogenic conditions and the occurrence and mineralization patterns of gold deposits（points）in the area were summarized.The results show that the gold deposits（points） in the area are controlled by the nearly EW-trending Shanyang-Fengzhen fault，Zhen’an Banyanzhen fault，or their secondary fault belts.They are developed in the interlayer faults of specific strata and controlled by dual factors of faults and strata，the gold deposits（spots）in the area are generally enriched in the nearly EW-trending zonal segmentation.The gold orebodies in different sections are controlled by different forms of faults and overall lenticular output.According to the metallogenic characteristics，ore-controlling factors and metallogenic regularity of the mining area，the prospecting prediction model of gold deposits in the area was established，and five prospecting target areas were predicted in combination with the distribution range of strata，structures and geochemical anomalies，which provides new ideas and new directions for the next step of ore exploration work in the area.

A set of measuring cylinders is generally used to carry out sedimentation test in the dense dewatering of the whole tailings，and the sedimentation velocity and sedimentation underflow concentration of the tailings are used as the basis of flocculants optimization.However，the dense dewatering of ultra-fine tailings has the characteristics of difficult settling and slow settling speed.The turbidity of the supernatant is an important criterion for the selection of flocculants.The currently widely used experimental methods for dense dehydration of full tailings are difficult to meet the dense dewatering of ultra-fine tailingsIn order to solve the problem that the turbidity of supernatant liquid is not considered in the existing dense sedimentation test of ultrafine tailings，a flocculant optimization method for dense sedimentation of ultrafine tailings was proposed.Taking the ultra-fine tailings of a fluorite mine as the research object，and taking the concentration of prefabricated tailings slurry，the type of flocculant，and the amount of flocculant as the dependent variables，a comprehensive test was carried out，and the mixing of tailings slurry and flocculant was carried out in a six-stage mixer.Mixing，reacting and precipitation，using a turbidimeter to test the turbidity of the supernatant liquid at different settling times，and comprehensively considering the settling speed and the cost of the flocculant，to obtain the optimal type and dosage of flocculant under different concentrations of prefabricated tailings.The experimental results show that：For the flocculation and sedimentation of ultra-fine tailings with both bridging and protective effects of flocculants，when the concentrations of prefabricated tailings are 5%，8%，11% and 14%，respectively，the optimum flocculant types are 18 million，16 million，16 million and 12 million anionic polyacrylamide，and the optimal flocculant dosage is 15，25，30 and 30 g/t respectively.Among them，the turbidity of the tailings slurry with the concentration of 8%，11% and 14% change obviously after using the optimal molecular weight and dosage of the flocculant，which could be reduced by more than 10NTU，but the difference is not large.Considering the flocculant price，we recommend the mine use 14% as the feed concentration of the mine’s deep cone thickener.The experimental results provide the basis for the dense settlement engineering parameters of the ultra-fine tailings in this mine，indicating that the ultra-fine tailings dense dewatering experimental method and flocculant selection method proposed in this paper have good application prospects.

Gannan area is an important gold concentration distribution area in Gansu Province.Through more than 30 years of gold prospecting and large-scale exploration since the 1990s，three super-large gold deposits with gold resources of 100 t have been investigated or explored in detail，including Dashui gold deposit in Maqu County，Zaozigou gold deposit in Hezuo City and Jiagantan gold deposit in Xiahe County.Among them，Jiagantan gold deposit has identified 153 t of gold resources.The gold deposits in Gannan area have the cha-racteristics of agglomeration distribution，forming two basically mature gold enrichment areas，namely Xiahe-Hezuo gold enrichment area in the northwest of Gannan area，and Zhongqu-Dashui gold enrichment area in the southwest of Gannan area.The exploration and research degree of Jiagantan gold deposit，Zaozigou gold deposit and Dashui gold deposit in Gannan area are relatively high.In the past，comparative analysis on characteristics of main orebodies of different degrees have been carried out，which provided a good basis for the study of main orebodies of Jiagantan gold deposit and its gold enrichment area.Based on the brief introduction of the distribution characteristics of gold deposits in two gold enrichment areas and the geological characteristics of Jiagantan gold deposit in Gannan area，the characteristics of main orebody of Jiagantan gold deposit were systematically summarized from the aspects of the spatial distribution，scale，shape，grade and resource distribution of the main orebody.Jiagantan gold belt is more than 1 500 m in length and 300~500 m in width.The 17 main ore bodies are roughly parallel distributed in echelon shape，530~1 480 m in length and 200~350 m in control slope depth.The scale of the main orebody is mainly medium-sized，and the resources of single main orebody are 1.8~12.7 t，and the scale of resources are mainly small，accounting for 2.04%~14.42% of the identified resources in the mining area.It provides an example for the study of the main orebodies of the super-large gold deposits.The main ore-controlling factors and main orebody characteristics of five large and medium-sized typical gold deposits in the two gold enrichment areas were compared and analyzed from four aspects of ore-bearing strata，ore-controlling faults，the relationship between intermediate-acidic dikes and gold mineralization，and surrounding rock alteration.It is considered that the main ore-controlling factors are fault structure and intermediate-acid dikes dominated by quartz diorite （porphyrite） dike and granodiorite （por-phyrite） dike.Through the comparative study of the main orebodies characteristics of five typical gold deposits，it is considered that compared with the other four gold deposits in the two enrichment areas，the main orebody of Jiagantan gold deposit is larger，but the average grade is 2.70×10^-6，the proportion of 57.27% of the main orebody is lower than that of 75.34%~79.37% of other deposits.The above understanding further deepens the study of main orebody characteristics of Jiagantan gold deposit and its regional typical gold deposits，and provides an example for the comparative study of the characteristics of the main orebody in gold enrichment areas.The exploration depth of Jiagantan gold deposit is generally shallow and the exploration degree is generally low，the main orebody resource proportion is not more than 75% of the average of Gannan area.The single main orebody resources have not been a large scale orebody，the ore belt and the main orebody group has not yet been fully controlled，and the main orebody of deep stability to extension.It edicates that Jiagantan gold deposit still has great exploration space and prospecting prospect.If the near peripheral and deep prospecting is increased，the scale of the deposit and the amount of gold resources in the mining area will be greatly increased.

Under the new normal of China’s economy，tax，as the key to the high-quality development of enterprises，has attracted extensive attention.As the basic industry of the national economy，mining industry is in a special institutional environment different from manufacturing industry，which plays a vital role in the high-quality development of China’s economy.Taking mining enterprises from 2014 to 2019 as the research sample，this paper studies the relationship between tax and high-quality development of enterprises.Among them，based on the input-output perspective，this paper selected the total output value of mining enterprises as the output index，the total assets as the capital input index，and the number of employees at the end of the year as the labor input index to construct the DEA-Malmquist index，and used the obtained value to measure the high-quality development level of enterprises.The results show that there are some differences in total factor productivity of Chinese mining enterprises from 2014 to 2019，and the average total factor productivity level is low，that is，the high-quality development level of mining enterprises is generally low.When discussing the impact of enterprise tax on the development level of China’s mining enterprises，the high-quality development level was selected as the explanatory variable，the ratio of the total tax paid by enterprises to the main business income was used to measure the tax of enterprises as the explanatory variable，and the rate of return on total assets，density of tangible assets，asset liability ratio，enterprise age，nature of enterprise property rights were selected as the control variables.Using panel regression analysis，property right and regional heterogeneity analysis，this paper tested the impact of enterprise tax on the high-quality development of mining enterprises，and further considered the regulatory effect of enterprise size on them.The results show that：（1）There is a significant negative rela-tionship between tax and the high-quality development of mining enterprises.（2）Compared with large-scale enterprises，small-scale mining enterprises have a stronger inhibitory effect on high-quality development.（3）In the further analysis of property rights and regional heterogeneity，it is found that non-state-owned enterprises and mining enterprises in the eastern region have a more significant inhibitory effect on high-quality development.According to the empirical results，this paper believes that the state should strengthen tax reduction and fee reduction to further improve the high-quality development level of mining enterprises.

The Yunnan-Guizhou-Guangxi area and its surrounding area in China are the carlin-type gold deposit producing areas，which is one of the most important gold resources producing areas in China.Based on the study and prospecting practice of gold deposits in southwest Guizhou，the structural body alteration （SBT） is expanded，its discriminant index was established，and the relationship between regional mineralization and prospecting space was briefly described.The results show that structural body alteration is the product of mineralization and occurs between the unconformity surface and lithologic layer interface where the rock capacity varies greatly.Based on the structural body alteration of regional multi-level output，the multi-level structural detachment metallogenic system of carlin-type gold deposits in Yunnan-Guizhou-Guangxi area is constructed，which lays the foundation for the systematic study of regional carlin-type gold deposits.It is of great significance to establish the discriminant index and identify the structural body alteration accurately for the metallogenic prediction and prospecting of carlin-type gold deposits in Yunnan-Guizhou-Guangxi and its surrounding areas.

Goaf has become a major hidden danger affecting mine safety production.In order to accurately analyze the stability of complex goaf group and strengthen the safety control of goaf group in mine，based on the fine detection data of goaf group in a mine，a coupling modeling and numerical simulation analysis method of Geomagic，Midas GTS and FLAC3D was adopted to analyze the stability of complex goaf group.At the same time，the safety classification evaluation system of complex goaf group was established based on 16 indicators such as goaf type，rock compressive strength and exposed area，and the safety classification evaluation of complex goaf group was carried out.The results show that there are caving hazards in the hanging wall and southeastern roof of large ore body goaf.The ‘springboard’ rockmass in the northwest of the panel-5 will be deformed greatly in the process of residual ore mining.There is great stress concentration in the inter-pillar separated by each goaf in the main mining area.Combined with the safety classification evaluation results of goaf，the treatment measures of each goaf are proposed.The research results provide reference for the stability analysis and safety classification evaluation of mined-out areas in similar mines.

As a typical process industry，the mining of underground metal mines depends on the smooth operation of the ore transportation link，and the unmanned mine truck bears an indispensable and important responsibility in the ore transportation link，so the intelligent scheduling and management of the unmanned mine truck is the key to ensure the smooth production of the mine.There are few studies on the scheduling and management of unmanned mine trucks，and it is difficult to meet the new requirements brought by the increasing degree of unmanned mine trucks.Based on the analysis of the current situation of cluster intelligent scheduling strategy，scheduling business flow，and data integration system for unmanned mining trucks in a certain underground mine in Gansu province，an integrated system platform for intelligent decision-making，automatic scheduling，and process control serving unmanned mining trucks scheduling was proposed.In response to the transformation of unmanned mining trucks scheduling mode and two traffic control challenges，corresponding intelligent scheduling strategies were designed，and the overall architecture was designed.Some functional modules were designed，including scheduling console，real-time monitoring，scheduling visualization，and production management.The system platform has been successfully applied to the mine through the intelligent transformation of the mine truck，the construction of the intelligent dispatching system，and the development of the system.The application results show that the existing traffic control problems have been solved and the dispatching efficiency has been improved by 7.18% with the help of the intelligent dispatching system with the core of vehicle end scheduling algorithm，single-lane collision avoidance algorithm and merging truck algorithm.It provides a centralized and unified management and use platform for data，breaks the information island，and greatly improves the data utilization rate.Through vocational work split and process drive，the scheduling modular management is realized.The successful application of the platform has innovated the dispatching mode，supplemented the research in relevant fields，provides an important reference for the intelligent transformation of underground mines，and also provides reference experience for the development of cluster dispatching management system platform across equipment categories and production areas.

Flotation time is one of the important parameters in the design of concentrator.The length of flotation time has great influence on the recovery and utilization of mineral resources and the operation effect of the concentrator.The determination of flotation time is related to the flotation time and magnification factor of small laboratory tests.In view of the selection of flotation time for refractory gold ores and the verification of the amplification factor of the flotation time of the concentrator，the concentrator was designed on the basis of the design of a 1 500 t/d concentrator，and the actual flotation time and amplification factor were calculated.The flotation time of the pilot scale test was 31 min.The designed flotation time is 54 min，and the average amplification coefficient is 1.74（roughing K value is 1.5，cleaning K value is 2.50 to 2.67）.The actual flotation time of the concentrator is 68.99 min，and the actual amplification coefficient is 2.23（the actual rough scavenging K value is 1.86 to 2.41，and the actual cleaning K value is 1.88 to 3.45）.With the change of ore properties，the pilot scale test of flotation process optimization was carried out for the gold mine according to the change of ore properties.Compared with the flotation test in the design，the flotation concentration is increased from 25% to 28%，the -74 μm content of grinding classification product is reduced from 75% to 71%，and the collector butyl xanthate was replaced with iso-amyl xanthate.The amount of sodium carbonate in rough scavenging process increases by 500 g/t，the amount of copper sulfate decreases by 200 g/t，no more copper sulfate and sodium carbonate was added in scavenging，and the flotation time is reduced from 31 min to 21 min.On this basis，the mineral processing tests with the same grinding fineness，flotation concentration and system conditions were conducted in the mill.The best ore dressing plant capacity of 1 704 t/d was determined.Combined with the survey of flotation process，according to the laboratory flotation test，the time of flotation，the flotation machine volume of each activity and the concentration of flotation were determined.The flotation time and K value of each flotation operation in the concentrator were calculated.The total flotation time of the concentrator reaches 84.08 min，and the K value of the flotation time is 4.00.The K value of rough sweep selection is 3.96 to 4.21 with an average of 4.10，and the K value of clean selection is 3.66 to 4.00 with an average of 3.81.After optimization，ore processing capacity increase by 204 t/d，gold concentrate concentration ratio decrease by 0.11 and gold recovery rate increase by 3.22% when the gold grade of raw ore decrease by 0.47 g/t.The research provides reference for the design of concentrator of the same type ore.

The decline is the main access channel of underground metal mines，and its road quality directly affects the safe transportation and economic benefits of the mine.Flat and durable roads can effectively reduce vehicle driving resistance，reduce fuel consumption and vehicle maintenance costs，and at the same time can extend the service life of tires，improve the work efficiency and safety comfort of vehicle transportation，and greatly reduce hauling costs.At present，the decline pavement mostly adopts concrete pouring method，which has the shortcomings of high road construction cost，long maintenance time，short service life and difficult maintenance.At present，the pulp-soil road construction technology has been widely used in the con-struction of open-pit mine roads，and has played an important role.But for underground mines，due to the construction environment of underground confined space，water accumulation on the floor or dripping on the roof，and high anti-skid requirements on the road，this technology is still less used.In order to solve the shortage of concrete road construction methods for underground mine decline，the construction process of slurry road construction technology in the decline construction of the Kafang Branch of Yunnan Tin Industry Co.，Ltd. was studied，and the mud belt length of the yellow clay in the area was quickly identified by using the mud belt method to be 80 cm.The disintegration method identified the good water resistance of yellow clay，and comprehensively determined that yellow clay was most suitable for building slurry dirt roads.The washing and screening test was carried out to determine the optimal material ratio of yellow clay，manufactured sand，fine aggregate and coarse aggregate，and the field test of pulp dirt road construction was carried out on the decline of the Kafang Branch，and the on-site construction process of the pulp road was introduced in detail.The results show that the pulp-soil road construction technology can be well applied to the underground mine road construction，and has many advantages such as simple construction technology，low road construction cost，short construction period，strong bearing capacity，dust and skid control，low carbon environmental protection，etc.It has important significance for the mine cost reduction and efficiency improvement，energy saving and emission reduction，safety and high efficiency.

The distribution area of karst in China can reach about 33% of the country’s land area，therefore，in the process of tunnel excavation and construction in karst area，it is inevitable to cross the karst development location.At the same time，due to the hidden nature and irregularity of karst development，water and mud surges may occur locally in tunnel excavation，which greatly reduces the safety and stability of the tunnel and easily causes collapse accidents and threatens construction safety.To solve this problem，the geological situation of the surrounding rock needs to be fully grasped.Therefore，the evaluation of the quality of the surrounding rock is of great significance to the safety of tunnel rock design and construction.In order to scientifically and accurately evaluate the surrounding rock quality of karst tunnels，CRITIC method was used to determine the objective weight of the surrounding rock quality index affecting the tunnel in karst areas according to the measured data.The improved analytic hierarchy process was used to determine the subjective weight，and the combined weight was used to calculate the comprehensive weight of each index.Finally，the classification of surrounding rock was determined according to the fuzzy matter-element theory.Thus，the evaluation method of surrounding rock quality of tunnel in karst areas based on the comprehensive weight-fuzzy matter-element method was proposed，and this method was applied to the evaluation of surrounding rock quality of tunnel group in the seven-star data center of Tencent in karst areas.The research results show that the comprehensive fuzzy evaluation model established by introducing variance coefficients to the CRITIC method and introducing optimal transfer matrix optimization AHP method can avoid the influence of purely human subjective factors and evaluate and grade the rock quality more objectively and comprehensively.The evaluation results are in good agreement with the actual on-site grading，and the method can achieve a more scientific and accurate comprehensive determination of karst tunnel quality.The rock quality of the tunnel in this project example is mainly Ⅳ and Ⅴ surrounding rocks，which are poor and less stable，and the support of the surrounding rocks need to strengthen.

The morphology，amounts and location of orebodies in the Sanshandao gold belt，Jiaodong Peninsula are closely related to fault.The orebodies are mostly hosted by the fault parts with the characteristics of gentle or dip changing from gentle to steep.In oder to explore the control effect of fault geometry on gold mineralization，the geological model （e.g.，fault zone，orebodies，wall rocks and cover） of the Sanshandao belt was constructed，and the numerical simulation was carried out by FLAC^3D software.The simulation results show that the corners of the Sanshandao fault are prone to accumulate greater shear strain （up to 8% than wall rocks） and volumetric strain （up to 2% than wall rocks） in the striking direction，where occurs an expansion space. This results in the formation of local thick gold orebodies at the corner where with a included acute angle of the fault and the NE-SW principal compressive stress.In terms of the dip direction，the gentle parts where the fault zone changes from steep （dip angle greater than 60°） to gentle （dip angle in 30°~40°） occur the dialation （volume strain：1%~2%），while the steep parts occur the compression characteristics （volume strain：-1%~0）. This differential stress distribution at different dip parts controls the discontinuous and intermittent distribution of orebodies along the dip direction.From a view of 3D，the ore-forming fluids in the Xinli segment，southern part of the Sanshandao belt，migrates from the SE areas at depth to NW at shallow，while the Sanshandao，Xiling，and Beibuhaiyu segments show a trend of flowing from NE to SW.This difference in fluid flow direction may be attributed to the bending fault intersurface formed by the co-operative deformation in strike and dip directions at Xinli controlling the SE dipping of the expansion zone.Therefore，the SE areas at depth in the Xinli segment，and the NE areas at depth in Sanshandao and Xiling segment have the good metallogenic potential.

Due to the complex nature of rock mass and the different transfer modes of explosive energy，it is difficult to control the blasting process and blasting effect.After blasting，the damage of rock mass around blast holes is related to the bearing capacity and stability of the project.In order to explore the influence of blast hole spacing and additional free surface on the blasting process and effect during double-hole blasting，a double-hole blasting model was established based on RHT （Riedel Hiermaier Thoma） damage constitutive model by using LS-DYNA finite element software to simulate rock blasting damage under different working conditions.The experiment of previous scholars was repeated by numerical simulation，and the test results were compared with the numerical simulation results in this paper to verify the feasibility of the numerical simulation method and the rationality of the selection of material parameters.Through the comparative analysis between numerical simulation results and blasting experimental results，it is determined that the rock blasting damage threshold applicable to this paper is 0.5 based on the blasting mechanism，and the rock damage value greater than 0.5，which is called the effective damage of rock.The effective damage rate of rock is defined as the proportion of the effective damage range of rock in the plane damage cloud map to the total plane area.The change of effective damage rate of rock is used to intuitively show the temporal and spatial evolution law of rock damage in the blasting process.The rock damage nephograms at different times were intercepted to observe the damage in different directions of the rock after blasting.The damage nephograms were processed by LS-PrePost to obtain the distribution range of effective damage on the plane.Then，the MATLAB program was used to calculate the effective damage rate，and the numerical calculation and analysis were carried out.The results show that the effective damage rate of rock decreases with the increase of blast hole spacing，and the effective damage rate at the same section is the largest in the scheme with the smallest blast hole spacing.The superposition effect of blasting energy between adjacent blastholes decreases with the increase of blast hole spacing，and a more ideal blasting effect can be obtained with an appropriate blast hole spacing.The effective damage rate of rock decreases gradually with the increase of the distance between the free surface and the center of the blast hole，and the blasting energy tends to propagate to the free surface.The influence of additional free surface on the distribution of blasting energy decreases with the increase of the distance between the free surface and the blast hole.

In recent years，with the decrease of land mineral resources，the development of marine minerals has become a global emerging industry，especially the mining of coastal bedrock deposits under the sea，has been the focus of mining development in various countries.For large-scale mining under the sea，the movement and deformation of the submarine rockbody poses a major threat to mining safety.It is important to pay attention to the deformation damage of the surrounding rock，which is important to realize the safe and efficient production of submarine mines. In order to study the deformation and damage characteristics of the surrounding rocks of the underground mine body in the Xinli mining area，the 55 exploration line perpendicular to the mine body was used as the monitoring profile，and the roadway roofs of -200 m，-240 m，-320 m，-400 m，-480 m，and -600 m sublevels were monitored by the underground four-level monitoring system that has been deployed since December 2015.The vertical displacements of the surrounding rocks in sublevels of the roadway at -200 m，-240 m，-320 m，-400 m，-480 m and -600 m were monitored for a long time，and the time series data of the settlement of the roadway roof in each sublevel were obtained.The deformation of the surrounding rock caused by metal ore mining is a complex mechanical problem.By analyzing the multi-year monitoring results，several significant characteristics of underground settlement are revealed.（1）The deformation caused by mining of the orebody in sublevel at different depths of the seabed shows a large influence range on the rock mass of the fault hanging wall，while the influence range on the footwall rock mass is small.（2）The closer to the orebody（or the ore-control fault F₁） the greater the subsidence of the rock body，forming the feature that the slope of the curve to the left of the maximum settlement point in the settlement curve is larger in absolute value，while the slope of the curve to the right is slightly smaller in absolute value.（3）The final subsidence curves of the six sublevels in the line 55 profile have similar shapes and are generally asymmetric funnel-shaped，with the -200 m sublevel and the -240 m sublevel having a gentle bottom of the cumulative subsidence curve，which is similar to a “pot”，while the -320 m，-400 m，-480 m and -600 m sublevels have a “funnel” shaped subsidence curve.This phenomenon is related to the mining activities in the mine area.（4）The single settlement value in any monitoring period in the sublevel at any depth has the characteristics of up and down fluctuation，which reflects the non-linear characteristics of settlement deformation to a certain extent.The practice of seabed mining in Sanshandao gold mine confirms that：Since 2005，with the expansion of mining scale，the increase of mining intensity and the extension of mining years，the deformation of some of the underground tunnels is serious，and the movement and deformation of the underground surrounding rocks may cause seawater to gush into the tunnels along the damaged rocks，thus threatening the life safety of mining personnel.The study concluded that the thickness of the orebody，mining depth，mining intensity，surrounding lithology and rock structure as well as filling effect in the Xinli mining area are potential factors affecting the deformation of the surrounding rock in the mining of the inclined orebody.Among them，the presence of the controlling fault F₁ in the mine area directly affects the shape of the surrounding rock deformation curve，and this deformation feature should be considered in future production work as well as safety maintenance work（roadway repair work） to prevent from affecting productivity or even generating safety accidents.

With the rapid development of gold mining technology in China，the number，scale and output of gold mines are increasing day by day，but the ore grade is constantly decreasing.At the same time，with the increase of mining intensity of gold mines，the number of tailings produced also increases dramatically.However，gold tailings are valuable secondary resources with fine particle size，large resource quantity，low price and no need for mining，crushing and grinding operations，which has a high possibility of comprehensive utilization.With the improvement of ore dressing technology and the shortage of gold resources，the gold tailings has a higher recovery value.Southwest Guizhou is one of the main production areas of carlin-type gold deposits in China，which has been mined for several decades.With the mining of gold deposits，a large number of tailing resources have been produced.The gold deposits in southwest Guizhou are mainly accumulated in Zhenfeng-Qinglong-Anlong area.The gold content and occurrence state of five typical gold tailings reservoirs in this area were investigated，and the total amount of gold in the area was estimated by using the geological block method.The results show that most of the gold in the tailings is in the state of gold wrapped in quartz in the fine pyrite，and the potential pile stock of Lannigou carbon leaching gold mine tailings is about 1.2 million tons，the content of Au in the carbon leaching tailings is as high as 2.52×10^-6~3.82×10^-6，with an average of 3.13×10^-6，far higher than the industrial grade of primary gold deposit，the estimated amount of gold metal is 3.75 t.The potential resource of the tailings （slag） of Shuiyindong gold mine is about 4.2 million tons，the gold content is 1.67×10^-6，and the estimated Au metal content is 7.01 t.Both of these two tailings resource have the potential of secondary gold extraction.The soil，plants and water quality around the two tailings reservoirs of Zima and Laowanchang were analyzed.It is found that Cd，Hg and As in the samples exceeded the standard seriously，which is harmful to the environment.Therefore，the disposal of gold tailings has become the primary problem to protect the local environment.For these gold tailings that do not reach the industrial grade，they can generally be used in reclamation planting，mining filling or processing into building materials.At present，it has been studied by many scholars at home and abroad，and its application prospect is very broad.

The Huaniushan gold deposit is located in the south of Beishan orogenic belt.The orebody is hosted in the contact zone between the Indosinian K-feldspar granite veins and marble.The mineralization process can be divided into early skarn stage and late quartz sulfide stage（main metallogenic stage）.The fluid inclusion properties of quartz and calcite in the main metallogenic period indicate that the ore-forming fluid has the characteristics of medium-low temperature，medium salt，medium-high density，and with CO₂ and CH₄，which belongs to the H₂O-CO₂-NaCl system.The temperature-salinity characteristics indicate that the ore-forming fluid is the mixture of magmatic water and atmospheric precipitation.The average value of δ¹³C_V-PDB，δ¹⁸O_V-PDB and δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW of calcite is 1.7‰，-22.5‰ and 7.69‰，respectively，and the O isotope strong differentiation suggest that magmatic water mixed with atmospheric precipitation to form ore-forming fluids.The average value of sulfur isotope δ³⁴S of pyrite in the ore is -9.73‰，and its large negative value may be related to the surrounding rock strata，indicating that the sulfur source of the deposit may be a mixed source of magma and strata.The metallogenic depth and pressure features hint that the Huaniushan gold deposit belongs to the shallow metal-logenic depth.Comprehensive analysis shows that Huaniushan gold deposit is a medium-low temperature hydrothermal metasomatic （skarn type） gold deposit.Summarily，in the late Triassic，Huaniushan area expe-rienced multi-stage post-orogenic lithospheric extension and mantle-derived magma underplating，the ore-forming fluid produced in the deep and moved upward along the fracture，reacted with the surrounding rock and mixed with atmospheric precipitation.With the pressure decreasing，the ore-forming materials were precipitated and enriched，and initiated the gold mineralization.

The dynamic response of underground engineering such as tunnel and mining roadway under the action of the explosion load of oil and gas is an important basis for engineering protection design and safety evaluation.The development of dynamic numerical simulation method in line with the characteristics of oil and gas explosion is of great significance for accurately analyzing the stability of underground engineering structures such as tunnel and mining roadway under liquefied petroleum gas （LPG） explosion. In this paper，fluid computational mechanics software FLACS was used to calculate the LPG explosion load in the tunnel. Based on transient dynamic analysis software LS-DYNA，the blast impact load was applied to the tunnel lining surface，and then the dynamic response of lining structure at different distances from the explosion center was calculated.By comparing the peak value of overpressure obtained by simulation with the calculation results of the empirical formula，the coincidence between the peak value of overpressure obtained by simulation and the calculation results of the empirical formula is high，which shows that the simulation method used in this paper has good applicability for analyzing the structural response of tunnel under LPG explosion in tunnel.Based on the numerical simulation results，the variation laws of stress，displacement and velocity of lining structure under LPG explosion load were studied.The results show that the “angular structure” of the tunnel has a strengthening effect on the reflection of shock wave，resulting in the formation of stress concentration at the corresponding position and the slow attenuation of the stress wave intensity.With the increase of the propagation distance，the stress on the lining decreases gradually and the stress value of the same section tends to be consistent.In addition，the velocity and displacement values at different measuring points on the same section are affected by the distance between measuring point and explosion center and the geometric structure of the tunnel.When the distance between measuring point and explosion center is larger than 12 m，the velocity and displacement values tend to be stable.The damage of top lining and bottom structure is more likely to occur under the action of blast load，and the damage degree of sidewall position is less.The research results provide a method basis for the safety and stability analysis of underground structures，and also have a certain reference value for the anti-explosion design of mining roadway structure and the corresponding support optimization in mining.

The in-situ leaching process is used to mine ion-adsorption rare earth ore.Due to the infiltration and seepage of leaching solution，it is easy to induce landslide instability，and shear failure is considered to be the main failure mode.In order to study the mechanical properties of shear failure of the orebody landslide，the ion adsorption type rare earth ore was taken as the research object，and the microseismic monitoring technology was used to carry out the direct shear test of the remolded soil sample in the indoor environment.The mechanical properties and microseismic signal characteristics of the specimens under different impregnation state were studied，and the influence of water content on the shear strength of the samples and the change process of shear stress-displacement under different normal stress conditions during the shear failure process were obtained.At the same time，microseismic monitoring and recording equipment was used to collect microseismic signals in the test process of rare earth samples simultaneously.The frequency domain characteristics of the test microseismic data were obtained by fast Fourier transform of the signal based on Python open source software Scipy.The corresponding waveform，time-frequency and spectral images were analyzed to obtain the spectral characteristics of the microseismic signals and the energy distribution characteristics in the frequency domain during the shear process of samples with different water content.The results show that：（1）With the increase of water content，the cohesion of rare earth samples decreases，and the failure characteristics change from plastic failure to viscous failure，and the failure behavior changes from strain softening to strain hardening.For the samples with the same water content，the strain softening characteristics of the samples are more significant with the increase of the consolidation normal stress，and there is an obvious peak strength when the water content is low.（2）The background noise does not affect the results，and the amplitude of the microseismic signal jumped significantly in a short time during the shear process.The comparative analysis of time-frequency and waveform images show that the microseismic signal existes and the main frequency is 10~20 Hz，and the change of water content does not affect the signal main frequency.With the increase of water content，the shear signal has a higher peak amplitude，the overall released energy increases，and the main shock type changes to the group shock type.（3） The signal waveform and spectrum image reflects the rare earth sample shear energy evolution characteristics of upper and lower when the soil relative sliding，including extrusion，rupture，friction，collision between particles and the formation of crack behavior such as the release of the micro size of the strength of the shock wave energy and frequency distribution，microtremor signals as rare earth soil internal activities forward the external manifestations of form.The results can be used as the discriminative basis for the microseismic signal of landslide in ion-adsorption rare earth ore.

Rare earths are important strategic resource in China，which plays an important role in the international markets and ensuring national security.It is crucial for China to comprehensively solve the bottlenecks and challenges in the whole industry chain of rare earth enterprises in order to take control of its development.Based on the literature review of rare earth material flow accounting，it is observed that previous studies mainly focused on the material flow accounting framework for rare earth elements，with limited research on the construction of material flow accounting frameworks of the whole industrial chain，likewise，there is a scarcity of literature on the establishment of evaluation indicators for material flow in the whole industrial chain of rare earth enterprises from a material flow perspective.Therefore，this paper combines the interdisciplinary analysis methods such as material flow and system dynamics，firstly the material flow framework and evaluation indicator system of the whole industrial chain of rare earth enterprises were constructed from the perspective of material flow.On this basis，the relationships between influencing factors of the development level of the whole supply chain of rare earth enterprises were systematically analyzed using system dynamics，and a model for the development level of the entire supply chain of rare earth enterprises was established.Through simulation analysis of the model，the impact of each influencing factor on the development level of the entire industry chain of rare earth was clearly demonstrated，and relevant policy proposals and suggestions were put forward，with a view to identify the key points that hinder the development of the rare earth industry chain and provide insights to overcome the obstacles and challenges for achieving high-quality development of the rare earth industry chain in China.

The surrounding rock of the underground tunnel is distributed with structural planes of different occurrences and sizes. The structural planes determine the deformation characteristics and stress-strain mode of the rock mass to a certain extent，which weaken the stability of the rock mass locally，which has a significant impact on the safety of the tunnel engineering. It is very necessary to carry out the engineering geological survey of the underground tunnel and the quantitative analysis of the rock mass structure. To get the structural plane information of the underground tunnel accurately and do stability analysis for the surrounding rock of the tunnel，a three-dimensional laser scanner was used to obtain the point cloud data of the surrounding rock structural plane in the 775 m level drift of the Dahongshan iron mine in Yunnan. A series of work such as correction，structure surface data extraction，point cloud splicing，filtering and thinning，etc.，carried out statistical analysis based on the processing results. According to this statistical result，the discrete element software 3DEC is used to establish the discrete structure network model and a coupling model of an underground tunnel，and numerical simulation of the instability probability of the tunnel under its own weight and blasting vibration is carried out. The results show that the 3D laser scanning technology can better obtain the rock mass discontinuities information of the drift，and the discrete block unit calculation software can further analyze the stability of the drift rock block. The self-stabilizing ability of the surrounding rock in the analyzed area is good，but the instability probability increases greatly under the influence of blasting vibration. The research result can provide theoretical guidance for the support design of the tunnel.

In engineering operations such as geothermal development and utilization in high-temperature rock formations，underground coal gasification，multiple oil extractions，underground disposal of high-level radioactive waste，and protection and restoration of important buildings after fires，rocks often experience thermal shock due to drastic temperature changes.Thermal shock refers to the phenomenon where an object undergoes a large amount of heat exchange in a short time due to rapid heating or cooling，resulting in the generation of thermal shock stress within the object.To investigate the impact of thermal shock on the dynamic fracture behavior of high-temperature granite，the granite was heated to three different temperature levels of 100，300，600 ℃，followed by cooling using three different methods of furnace cooling，air cooling，and water cooling to provide different cooling rates，resulting in varying degrees of thermal shock within the granite samples.The notched semi-circular bend （NSCB） specimens of the granite samples subjected to thermal shock treatment were tested using a split Hopkinson pressure bar （SHPB） system for dynamic fracture behavior.The fracture pattern of the specimens was recorded using a high-speed camera.The results show that with the increase in specimen temperature and cooling rate，the dry density and longitudinal wave velocity of the specimens decrease significantly，and the porosity increase.Under thermal shock，the dynamic fracture toughness value of the specimens decreased significantly.At the same loading rate level，the dynamic fracture toughness value of the water-cooled specimens is lower than that of the air-cooled specimens，indicating that the crack propagation resistance of rock materials decrease when subjected to dynamic impact.Furthermore，at loading rates higher than 130 GPa·m^0.5/s，the effect of thermal shock on fracture toughness is more pronounced.By analyzing the relationship between dynamic fracture toughness and loading rate，a power law function with a good fitting degree is obtained，revealing the impact of thermal shock on dynamic fracture toughness.Therefore，this study provides valuable reference for the stability of rock formations in cooling treatment projects involving high-temperature rocks，contributing to the design and management of engineering operations such as geothermal development and utilization，underground coal gasification，multiple oil extractions，underground disposal of high-level radioactive waste，and protection and restoration of important buildings after fires.

In order to study the crushing characteristics of ore （siliceous rock） in a mine under quasi-static loading，a crushing model of ore particle group was established by using Tavares crushing model on the basis of cylinder loading test，and the crushing characteristics of cylinder loading test and crushing simulation analysis were compared and analyzed.The results show that：（1） The breakage of ore particle group can be divided into three stages.In the tight stage，the void fraction of ore group is decreasing，and the breakage process of ore particle group basically does not occur.In the crushing stage，the void fraction further decreases，the stress on the contact points between ore increases，and some ore begin to break.In the agglomerating stage，the stress of ore particle group will increase rapidly，a large number of fine powder particles will be produced，and the agglomeration phenomenon will occur.（2） When the maximum loading pressure is 400 kN，with the decrease of the feeding particle size of ore with narrow particle size （2 mm range），the higher the proportion of small particles after crushing，the proportion of crushed ore of -6 mm under different particle sizes of -18+16 mm，-16+14 mm and -14+12 mm is 25.63%，29.45% and 33.46%，respectively.（3） The effectiveness of the Tavares model is verified by the comparison between simulation and experiment，and the simulation parameters of ore in a mine are calibrated，which provides a new method for the simulation of ore particle crushing，and the research results provide a new idea for the subsequent design of crusher.

In order to further verify whether the hydrocarbon-mercury superimposed halo method has universality in deep prospecting prediction，a hydrocarbon-mercury superimposed halo deep prospecting test was carried out in the Wangu gold mining area and its periphery in the northeast section of the Xuefeng arc.By analyzing the evolution of hydrocarbon-mercury components of different geological bodies and different elevations in the known mining areas，and the comprehensive abnormal structure，superimposition chara-cteristics and spatial correspondence of hydrocarbon-mercury in the upper soil of the ore body，the deep prospecting in the peripheral Jiangdong ore section is guided.The results show that the soil geochemical field in the Wangu mining area and its surrounding Jiangdong mining section also has a syngenetic superimposition field and a deep source superimposition field.The syngenetic superimposition anomaly is due to the stratum， and the correlation between Au and hydrocarbon components is poor. Hydrocarbon mercury anomalies are in a dispersed state， with relatively low anomalous intensity.Deep source superposition anomaly is the superposition of ore-forming materials caused by deep source fluids（magma or mantle source），and Au has a good correlation with hydrocarbon mercury.The hydrocarbon mercury anomaly center is prominent and the anomaly intensity is strong.The hydrocarbon anomaly patterns are mainly multimodal and dual bimodal anomaly patterns.Hydrocarbon anomalies appear in multimodal patterns，indicating that there are multiple parallel blind veins in the deep，and the dual in the bimodal abnormal pattern，only the head abnormal peak appears，but the tail abnormal peak has not yet appeared.It shows that the ore body extends well to the deep indicating that the mineralization has not yet ended，and there is still a good prospecting potential in the deep part.Through engineering verification，good prediction results have been obtained in the red bed coverage area of Jiangdong ore section.It is proved that the method has good universality.