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Gold Science and Technology ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (4): 483-497.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2022.04.177

• Mineral Exploration and Resource Evaluation •    

Metallogenic Model of Gold Deposits and Genetic Types in the Western Section of East Kunlun,Qinghai Province

Yongle LIU(),Aikui ZHANG,Zhigang LIU,Feifei SUN,Shuyue HE,Daming ZHANG,Mingjuan KUI,Jianping ZHANG   

  1. The Third Institute of Qinghai Geological Prospecting,Xining 810008,Qinghai,China
  • Received:2021-11-24 Revised:2022-05-14 Online:2022-08-31 Published:2022-10-31

Abstract:

Many gold deposits have been found in the western section of East Kunlun Mountains in Qinghai Province.This area is characterized by complex geological structure,frequent magmatic activity and excellent metallogenic conditions.The geology and prospecting potential of gold deposit were carried out and the metallogenic regularity of gold deposits was preliminarily summarized in this area.However,the late discovery of the deposit and inconvenient natural conditions restrict the systematic study of the genetic types of gold deposits and the establishment of the metallogenic model of the main types of gold deposits in the area,which seriously restricts the breakthrough of gold exploration.Based on the classification of gold deposits at home and abroad and the 27 gold deposits(points) discovered in the study area,this paper determines that the genetic types of gold deposits in the study area are orogenic type,contact metasomatic type,post magmatic medium and low temperature hydrothermal type and mechanical sedimentary type.Among the 27 deposits,there are 18 orogenic gold deposits,accounting for two-thirds.The estimated resource of orogenic gold deposits accounts for 51%.Therefore,orogenic gold deposits are the most important type in the western section of East Kunlun.Through the analysis of metallogenic environment,it is considered that orogenic gold deposits in the area mainly formed in the Late Triassic.Deep fault is the main ore controlling structure,while ductile shear zone,secondary brittle fault,structural fracture and interlayer fracture zone are good ore storage structures.The ore-forming materials come from the background of post collision compression strike slip,and tectonism provides the basis for the accumulation and precipitation of ore-forming materials.Through the study,the metallogenic model of gold deposit in the study area is preliminarily established.Regional metallogenic model of gold deposit manifested as:In the Triassic collision-post collision stage,the regional crust mantle interaction strongly formed the mantle crust derived granite and its related gold mineralization system.The main types of gold deposits are contact metasomatic type and post magmatic medium and low temperature hydrothermal type,which occur in the outer contact zone of the rock mass and the top of the rock mass respectively.The former is such as Haxiyatu deposit and Tawenchahanxi deposit,and the latter is such as Kude’erte deposit.At the same time,the whole region is under the condition of compressive strike slip deformation tectonic stress,and the deep and large fault activity is strong,which leads to the deep metamorphic hydrothermal solution and controls the development of ductile shear zone.The deep metamorphic hydrothermal fluid moves upward under the control of the ductile shear zone. In the process of metamorphism,the ore-forming materials dispersed in the formation rocks are activated into the metamorphic fluid and become the gold initially enriched in the ore bearing hydrothermal medium basic volcanic rocks and other rocks,forming the gold bearing metamorphic hydrothermal fluid.In the ductile brittle deformation transition zone of ductile shear zone,or its side brittle fracture,structural fracture and interlayer structural zone,due to the reduction of pressure and the temperature of gold bearing metamorphic hydrothermal solution,gold and other metallogenic elements precipitated and formed orogenic gold deposits.After the Late Paleozoic-Early Mesozoic orogeny,the region continued to develop intracontinentally (basin mountain transformation),the mountains rose strongly,and placer gold deposits were formed in Cenozoic.

Key words: genetic type, metallogenic model, orogenic gold deposits, western section of East Kunlun, Qinghai Province

CLC Number: 

  • P618.51

Fig.1

Regional geology and mineral map in the western section of East Kunlun,Qinghai Province"

Fig.2

Geological inference map of bedrock in Tawenchahan west deposit"

Fig.3

Profile of No.12 exploration line in Kuderte mining area"

Fig.4

Geological and mineral map of Nangou mining area(modified after the internal information of Shi’an Mining in Qinghai Province,2019)"

Fig.5

Profile of No.58 exploration line (a) and No.15 exploration line (b) in Nangou mining area(modified after the internal information of Shi’an Mining in Qinghai Province,2019)"

Fig.6

Ductile shear zone in Nangou mining area"

Table 1

Content of Au element in surrounding rock of orogenic gold deposit(×10-6)"

地质体Au元素含量平均值
金水口岩群0.82~3.401.06
纳赤台群0.63~3.961.41
闹仓坚沟组0.30~3.481.23
沙松乌拉组0.71~5.222.13
洪水川组0.65~2.441.12
万保沟群0.50~2.361.36
祁漫塔格群0.35~6.441.61
志留纪中酸性侵入岩0.14~4.30
三叠纪中酸性侵入岩0.30~25.09
泥盆纪中酸性侵入岩0.17~1.70

Fig.7

Metallogenic model of regional gold deposit"

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