With the intellectualization of mining equipment，its reliability problem is becoming more and more prominent，and has become an important topic in the mining industry.In this work，the method combining fuzzy fault tree analysis and Monte Carlo simulation was proposed to analyze the reliability of the intelligent shovel system for actual operation in the Sanshandao mine.By analyzing the performance of the system and its operation condition in the mine，the main factors affecting the reliability of the intelligent shovel operation system were determined.Taking the operation failure of the intelligent shovel system as the top event，16 intermediate events，as well as 33 bottom events，were determined，and a fault tree model was established through field investigation，literature review and expert discussion，etc.Using the method of fuzzy set theory，the language values were transformed into fuzzy numbers according to the corresponding affiliation functions by the results feedback from 10 experts.Then，the fuzzy number was transformed into the corresponding probability of brittle failure and probability of failure by using the formula of fuzzy number，upon which the probability of occurrence of the bottom event was obtained.Based on the occurrence probability of each bottom event，the quantitative analysis of the fault tree was carried out to obtain the minimum cut set of the fault tree.Thus，the probability of failure of intelligent shovel operation was calculated，and its value is 0.3481%，which is in line with the actual situation of production.In order to obtain the dynamic law of system reliability with time，the Monte Carlo simulation method was used based on the established fault tree model.The simulation parameters and process were set reasonably，and the Monte Carlo simulation algorithm was written，upon which the mean time to failure，reliability and unreliability curves and system failure probability curves were obtained.Through the analysis of the results，the effective running time and the change in the failure probability of the system were judged，which can provide a reference for the maintenance of the equipment.Moreover，the simulation importance of the bottom events was also calculated.The results indicate that the management reason（operation specification failure） and personnel reason（information communication failure） have the greatest impact on system reliability，and the most influential mechanical reasons are operation device failure and brake system aging.Managing from the above events，the probability of system failure can be effectively reduced.The results are consistent with the actual engineering situation，which demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method.This work can provide a reference for the production and operation of the mine and can be promoted in mines and other industries.

In order to accurately describe the whole process of rock stress-strain curve，a statistical damage contitutive model considering the effect of rock microdefects was proposed.Firstly，rocks containing microdefects are analysed and abstracted into a rock skeleton part and a defective part without microdefects.The rock microdefects include initial microdefects and new microdefects added to the rock by loading，which can only generate strain but not stress.The strain generated by the initial microdefects is negatively exponential to the stress during the compression-density stage，and the model parameters n and V_m are obtained by fitting the experimental curve of closed strain-stress for the microdefects.After the compression-density stage，the initial micro-defects are completely closed and the resulting strain is a constant.As additional micro-defects are mainly generated in large numbers in the post-peak stage，the effect of additional micro-defects on the post-peak stage is mainly considered.A variable b in the range of 0 to 1 is used to represent the weakening effect of the strain formed by the additional micro-defects on the strain generated in the rock.Different values of b can reflect the degree of strain softening in the rock，and a method for determining the value of b is given to obtain the value of b under different stress states for different rocks.The deformation of the rock skeletal part without micro-defects and whose damage conforms to the Weibull probability distribution，the deformation of the rock skeletal part and the micro-defective part make up the deformation of the rock，which leads to the derivation of the damage constitutive model of the rock，and the specific determination method of the parameters m and F₀ of this damage constitutive model is given.The parameters of the model are discussed.The smaller the value of b，the greater the strain generated by the new microcracks in the rock and the more obvious the strain softening is.The damage variables of the rock are analysed for different values of b.The smaller the value of b，the faster the damage value of the rock reaches 1 and the faster the skeletal part of the rock is damaged.The damage costitutive model in this paper takes into account the compression-density phase，the strain-softening phase，the effect of residual strain，and can characterise all phases of the rock stress-strain curve，and the model parameters are small and the method of determination is clear.Finally，the model is validated with sandstone and saprolite test data，and the test data agree with the theoretical results，indicating the reasonableness of the model.

In order to improve the prediction accuracy of loose zone of excavation damaged zone around roadways and provide more scientific guidance for surrounding rock support and ground pressure management，a new prediction method was proposed.The improved Adaboost regression algorithm was used to integrate and optimize three machine learning algorithms，the optimal value of the error rate threshold was found to achieve the global optimal integration of Adaboost.The grid search was used to optimize the hyperparameters of BP，SVM and RF，and the regression prediction models of BP-Adaboost，SVM-Adaboost and RF-Adaboost were established.The results show that the prediction performance of BP-Adaboost is the best，it had the lowest error rate at 7.65 percent.The verification analysis was carried out based on the test example of excavation damaged zone around roadway，the results show that the mean relative error is 4.15%.Therefore，the model proposed in this paper can provide reference for the excavation damaged zone around roadway and meet the needs of engineering applications.

Based on stakeholder theory and social exchange theory，this paper analyzes the impact of resource-based enterprises’ fulfillment of social responsibility on enterprise performance from two aspects of cost payment and benefit inflow，and discusses human capital from the aspects of information communication efficiency and resource allocation efficiency.Using the panel data of China’s Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed resource-based companies from 2011 to 2020，this paper conducts an empirical analysis on the relationship between corporate social responsibility（CSR） and corporate performance，and constructs a regression model of curve adjustment effect to investigate the impact of human capital quality on corporate social responsibility.The study found that the impact curve of CSR on the performance of resource-based enterprises is an inverted U-shaped of first promoting and then suppressing，appropriate CSR performance of resource-based enterprises can significantly improve performance，while excessive CSR performance of resource-based enterprises will damage performance.The quality of human capital has a significant moderating effect on the inverted U-shaped relationship between corporate social responsibility and resource-based enterprise perfor-mance.The possession of high-quality human capital in resource-based enterprises will significantly reduce the negative impact of corporate social responsibility on performance，improve the positive impact to a limited extent，make the curve form smoother，and shift the inflection point to the right.This study has important enlightenment significance for guiding resource-based enterprises to fulfill their social responsibilities.

At present，the evaluation system and methods of green mine construction in the gold industry are not perfect.On the one hand，in most studies，when establishing the index system，the internal relations between indicators were ignored，and only the influencing factors related to green mine construction in general were listed.On the other hand，most of the models lack completeness when establishing the evaluation model， they only evaluate the construction results at a certain time point without showing the change trend of the construction process.Based on the framework model of driving forces，pressure，state，impact and response，the evaluation index system of green mines in gold industry was constructed to express the internal relationship between indicators more intuitively.In building the evaluation model，the subjective and objective combination weighting method was introduced so as to make the index weight meet the subjective expectations of the decision-makers and the objective judgment requirements of the inconsistency between the indicators.The TOPSIS coupling coordination model was introduced to quantitatively evaluate the space-time evolution process of green mine construction and the coupling coordination among subsystems，and the main obstacle factors affecting the green mine construction of enterprises were analyzed，providing guidance countermeasures for the improvement of green mine construction of enterprises.Through the analysis of an actual case of a gold mine in Shaanxi Province，it is concluded that the green mine construction of the general system of the mine and the coupling and coordination degree between the subsystems are steadily increasing，the construction of each subsystem is fluctuating.The industrial production capacity（C₁），the energy consumption（C₅），the mine environment（C₉），and the mineral processing（C₁₁） are the main obstacles in the construction process，which are consistent with the actual construction of the mine，and the applicability of the model is verified.The evaluation index system established in this paper clarifies the function mechanism of each index of green mine construction，which helps enterprises flexibly respond to a series of related factor changes caused by a certain index change.The established evaluation model improves the defect of subjective influence on the evaluation results in the traditional evaluation，highlights the internal connection and coordination between the evaluation indicators，makes the evaluation process and results more fair and reliable，and provides an effective way to promote the sustainable development of the gold industry mining industry.

When the traditional limit equilibrium method is used for slope reliability analysis，because of the performance function is implicit and the form is complicated，the iterative process of solving the function becomes complicated and the computational efficiency is low.Aiming at the above problems，a CNN-LSTM model method was proposed.The principle of this method is to first extract the data features by using convolutional neural network（CNN），and then predict the slope failure probability by using short and long time memory network（LSTM）.On the basis of fully considering the value range of the CNN-LSTM model’s hyperparameters，the five-factor and four-level orthogonal test table was used to design the hyperparameters.Finally，the convolutional output dimension of the first layer and the second layer of the CNN network architecture in the CNN-LSTM model were determined to be 64 and 8 respectively.Dropout ratio is 0.5，the number of the first layer of the LSTM structure is 5 units and the number of the second layer of hidden layers is 20 units，respectively.The 420 slope sample data collected from central and western regions of China were used to train the model according to the ratio of 7∶3 between the training set and the verification set，and the optimal parameters of the CNN-LSTM model were obtained. Finally，Yanshanji landslide was taken as an example to illustrate the feasibility of the model method.The CNN-LSTM model was compared with Monte Carlo method（MCS），response surface method，single CNN，LSTM model and multiple linear regression model in terms of computational efficiency and failure probability prediction.The results show that：（1）When the MCS sampling times is 10 000，compared with the traditional MCS，although the CNN-LSTM model has a relative error of 4.35% in predicting the slope failure probability，in terms of computational efficiency，the CNN-LSTM model takes 45.28 s and the MCS takes 119 s，so the CNN-LSTM model increases the efficiency nearly 2 times.（2）When the single CNN model and LSTM model both adopt two-layer architecture，although the number of parameters of the CNN-LSTM model is not optimal，it has excellent performance in terms of calculation time and prediction accuracy of failure probability due to the small overfitting risk of the model.Compared with the multiple linear regression model，the relative error of CNN-LSTM prediction is 4.35%，and that of multiple linear regression is 34.78%.Through the above two points，the CNN-LSTM model can well complete the analysis of slope reliability，and avoid solving the implicit performance function，and the work efficiency is high.

In order to realize the comprehensive recovery of valuable metals in the cyanide circulating liquid，the comparative test and analysis of acidification and SART processes（Vulcanization-Acidification-Recycling-Concentration Process） was conducted，and the application of SART process was finally determined.Then the circulating liquid generated in the cyanide gold extraction process of the domestic gold industry was purified for the first time，and the step-by-step recovery and separation and precipitation of zinc and copper in the liquid phase of the cyanidation cycle were realized.47.45% zinc mud and 54.38% copper sludge were produced respectively，and recovered with high-grade precipitate products.And the weakly complexed cyanide is converted into free sodium cyanide and then returned to the production system for recycling，thereby reducing the cost of the cyanidation process.The application of SART process not only realizes the recovery of valuable metals，reduces the cost，but also solves the employment problem，reduces the pressure of subsequent smelting and environmental protection，and achieves good economic，environmental and social benefits.

The Fuwen gold deposit is located in Fuwen County，central and northern Hainan Province，and also in the northern margin of the Wuzhishan fold belt of the South China fold system.The Early Cretaceous Lumuwan Formation （K₁l） is mainly exposed in the ore district.The structure in this area is developed，the magmatic volcanic movement is more frequent，the gold mineralization points are more，and the metallogenic geological conditions are better.Geological and mineral work was carried out earlier in the area，including geophysical exploration，geochemical exploration，mineral exploration，etc.，but these works focused on the ore fabric characteristics，sulfide characteristics，ore-forming fluid characteristics and isotope date of the deposit，and the research methods of element geochemical testing of gold deposits are less involved.In order to further explore the source of ore-forming materials of Fuwen gold deposit，this paper analyzed the main，trace and rare earth elements of quartz vein type ore，clastic sedimentary rock and magmatic rock of Lumuwan formation.The chemical analysis of the main components of the clastic sedimentary rocks in Lumuwan Formation shows that the weathering and alteration of the source area are weak，which reflects that the sedimentary rocks were first deposited in the active tectonic belt，and the provenance is mainly felsic rocks.The results of chemical analysis of rare earth elements show that REE is characterized by enriched LREE，lost HREE，and right-inclined normalized curve patterns，and the standardized distribution curves of REE in each sample are basically the same.It is inferred that the ore has homology with strata and rock masses.The results of trace element chemical analysis show that the ore，Lumuwan Formation strata and rock mass （quartz diorite，fine-grained granite） are significantly lost in Ba，Nb，Sr，Hf and enriched in Rb，Th，U，Pb，Sm，and their distribution trends are similar.Comprehensive analysis shows that the formation of Fuwen gold ore body in Hainan is closely related to Lumuwan strata and rock mass.Both of them provide ore-forming materials for the formation of ore bodies，and the deposit type is a magmatic hydrothermal deposit.

The vibration caused by blasting is likely to cause instability and failure of facilities such as underground roadways，high and steep slopes in mining areas or ground buildings under dynamic action.Therefore，it is particularly important to predict the intensity of blasting vibration.The accurate prediction of peak particle velocity（PPV） is the premise of effectively controlling the vibration hazard of blasting engineering，but the current empirical formula for predicting the peak particle velocity is not accurate enough.Machine learning has obvious advantages in solving the problem of nonlinear relationship.In order to improve the prediction accuracy of the PPV prediction model，this study proposes to optimize the number of trees and the minimum number of leaf points in the random forest （RF）by slime mould algorithm （SMA） ，which overcomes the inability to obtain the optimal hyperparameters by using a single RF algorithm.Based on a dataset of 23 samples with four input parameters （minimum resistance line-r，height difference-H，maximum segment dose-Q_max，horizontal distance-W） and one output parameter（PPV） collected in an open-pit blasting engineering example，the combination of four parameters of these four parameters （Q_max-H-W-r、Q_max-H-r、Q_max-W-r、Q_max-r） was used as the input parameters in the RF algorithm，and then MAE，RMSE，MEDEA and R² evaluate the prediction effect of the SMA-RF model for four different input parameters to determine the optimal combination of parameters.In this model，the fitness function in SMA is defined as the root mean square error of the predicted value to enhance the robustness of the RF model.Then，the performance of SMA-RF model and unoptimized RF model and six empirical formulas commonly used in China and abroad were compared.The results show that the SMA-RF model has better prediction accuracy than the RF model，and the SMA-RF model has significantly better prediction effect than the six empirical formulas.In addition，Q_max-H-W-r can train the optimal SMA-RF model in the combination of four parameters，so it is recommended to be used to predict PPV in engineering practice.

Pakistan is rich in mineral resources and is one of China’s “all-weather strategic partners” and an important mining investment country.Based on the five risk levels of politics and law，economy and finance，resource extraction，social culture and infrastructure，this paper constructs a mining investment environmental risk evaluation index system in Pakistan from a dynamic perspective.The weight of indicators is determined by the improved CRITIC method，and the index information is collected by the TOPSIS method to explore the possible risk factors of Pakistan’s mining investment environment，so that the evaluation results are more accurate，scientific and referenceable.The deep learning model was used to predict the mining investment environment in Pakistan from 2023 to 2033，which provides a reference for the risk prevention of Pakistan’s mining investment environment in the future.The results show that：（1）Anti-globalization risk，resource abundance，social stability，environmental regulation，credit risk and corruption risk sink are the main influencing factors of Pakistan’s mining investment environment.（2）From 2000 to 2022，Pakistan’s mining investment environment score generally showes a spiraling trend，and the risk level was stable after being reduced to medium risk.In addition to the overall dynamic downward trend of infrastructure risk scores，the political and legal risks，economic and financial risks，social and cultural risks and resource exploitation risk scores all show a fluctuating upward trend.（3）From 2023 to 2033，Pakistan’s mining investment environment will be reduced from medium risk to low risk level，stable and improving.

The Geita greenstone belt is located in the northwest of Tanzania craton，and developed a world-class large-scale gold deposit with a 387 t gold resources，namely Geita gold deposit.The main rock type of Geita greenstone belt is banded iron formation（BIF），volcanic clastic sedimentation and kavirondian system conglomerate，both with syn-orogenic granite，lamprophyre and trachyandesite.The structure of folds and shear zones are well developed in the area，and the structure directions are mainly NW-SE，NE-SW and nearly E-W.The gold veins are developed in the contact of BIF and lamprophyre，and found in nearby parallel quartz veins.The characteristics of geochemistry shows that the orebodies were formed from the magmatic hydrothermal，and hosted in the shear zone.Based on the study of geology，typical gold deposits and ore-forming age of the Geita greenstone belt，this paper determines the era of mineralization and summarizes the evolutionary history of Geita greenstone belt.As a preliminary view，the evolutionary history of Geita greenstone belt shows many periods，including volcanic activities，deposit formation，tectonic activities，multi-hydrothermal activities and tectonic reworking.For the tectonic reworking of Geita greenstone belt，determines the main era of mineralization is （2 699±9）~（2 617±17）Ma，and the Geita gold deposit is a typical greenstone belt gold deposit of orogenic belt type of Archean.

In recent years，many types of gold deposits have been found in Wangjiaping-Shangnan area，Shaanxi Province.Due to the lack of detailed antomy of the typical deposits in the region，and insufficient understanding of the ore-controlling factors，occurrence regularity，and genesis of the regional gold deposits，the metallogenic regularity and propecting direction in the region are not clear，which restricts the propecting breakthrough in this area.On the basis of investigating the regional geological structure background，the geological characteristics，ore-controlling factors and ore-bearing laws of typical gold deposits in Wangjiaping-Shangnan area were systematically sorted out.Combined with the characteristics of fluid inclusions in typical gold deposits，the spatial distribution characteristics，metallogenic conditions and the occurrence and mineralization patterns of gold deposits（points）in the area were summarized.The results show that the gold deposits（points） in the area are controlled by the nearly EW-trending Shanyang-Fengzhen fault，Zhen’an Banyanzhen fault，or their secondary fault belts.They are developed in the interlayer faults of specific strata and controlled by dual factors of faults and strata，the gold deposits（spots）in the area are generally enriched in the nearly EW-trending zonal segmentation.The gold orebodies in different sections are controlled by different forms of faults and overall lenticular output.According to the metallogenic characteristics，ore-controlling factors and metallogenic regularity of the mining area，the prospecting prediction model of gold deposits in the area was established，and five prospecting target areas were predicted in combination with the distribution range of strata，structures and geochemical anomalies，which provides new ideas and new directions for the next step of ore exploration work in the area.

The distribution area of karst in China can reach about 33% of the country’s land area，therefore，in the process of tunnel excavation and construction in karst area，it is inevitable to cross the karst development location.At the same time，due to the hidden nature and irregularity of karst development，water and mud surges may occur locally in tunnel excavation，which greatly reduces the safety and stability of the tunnel and easily causes collapse accidents and threatens construction safety.To solve this problem，the geological situation of the surrounding rock needs to be fully grasped.Therefore，the evaluation of the quality of the surrounding rock is of great significance to the safety of tunnel rock design and construction.In order to scientifically and accurately evaluate the surrounding rock quality of karst tunnels，CRITIC method was used to determine the objective weight of the surrounding rock quality index affecting the tunnel in karst areas according to the measured data.The improved analytic hierarchy process was used to determine the subjective weight，and the combined weight was used to calculate the comprehensive weight of each index.Finally，the classification of surrounding rock was determined according to the fuzzy matter-element theory.Thus，the evaluation method of surrounding rock quality of tunnel in karst areas based on the comprehensive weight-fuzzy matter-element method was proposed，and this method was applied to the evaluation of surrounding rock quality of tunnel group in the seven-star data center of Tencent in karst areas.The research results show that the comprehensive fuzzy evaluation model established by introducing variance coefficients to the CRITIC method and introducing optimal transfer matrix optimization AHP method can avoid the influence of purely human subjective factors and evaluate and grade the rock quality more objectively and comprehensively.The evaluation results are in good agreement with the actual on-site grading，and the method can achieve a more scientific and accurate comprehensive determination of karst tunnel quality.The rock quality of the tunnel in this project example is mainly Ⅳ and Ⅴ surrounding rocks，which are poor and less stable，and the support of the surrounding rocks need to strengthen.

As a typical process industry，the mining of underground metal mines depends on the smooth operation of the ore transportation link，and the unmanned mine truck bears an indispensable and important responsibility in the ore transportation link，so the intelligent scheduling and management of the unmanned mine truck is the key to ensure the smooth production of the mine.There are few studies on the scheduling and management of unmanned mine trucks，and it is difficult to meet the new requirements brought by the increasing degree of unmanned mine trucks.Based on the analysis of the current situation of cluster intelligent scheduling strategy，scheduling business flow，and data integration system for unmanned mining trucks in a certain underground mine in Gansu province，an integrated system platform for intelligent decision-making，automatic scheduling，and process control serving unmanned mining trucks scheduling was proposed.In response to the transformation of unmanned mining trucks scheduling mode and two traffic control challenges，corresponding intelligent scheduling strategies were designed，and the overall architecture was designed.Some functional modules were designed，including scheduling console，real-time monitoring，scheduling visualization，and production management.The system platform has been successfully applied to the mine through the intelligent transformation of the mine truck，the construction of the intelligent dispatching system，and the development of the system.The application results show that the existing traffic control problems have been solved and the dispatching efficiency has been improved by 7.18% with the help of the intelligent dispatching system with the core of vehicle end scheduling algorithm，single-lane collision avoidance algorithm and merging truck algorithm.It provides a centralized and unified management and use platform for data，breaks the information island，and greatly improves the data utilization rate.Through vocational work split and process drive，the scheduling modular management is realized.The successful application of the platform has innovated the dispatching mode，supplemented the research in relevant fields，provides an important reference for the intelligent transformation of underground mines，and also provides reference experience for the development of cluster dispatching management system platform across equipment categories and production areas.

In recent years，with the decrease of land mineral resources，the development of marine minerals has become a global emerging industry，especially the mining of coastal bedrock deposits under the sea，has been the focus of mining development in various countries.For large-scale mining under the sea，the movement and deformation of the submarine rockbody poses a major threat to mining safety.It is important to pay attention to the deformation damage of the surrounding rock，which is important to realize the safe and efficient production of submarine mines. In order to study the deformation and damage characteristics of the surrounding rocks of the underground mine body in the Xinli mining area，the 55 exploration line perpendicular to the mine body was used as the monitoring profile，and the roadway roofs of -200 m，-240 m，-320 m，-400 m，-480 m，and -600 m sublevels were monitored by the underground four-level monitoring system that has been deployed since December 2015.The vertical displacements of the surrounding rocks in sublevels of the roadway at -200 m，-240 m，-320 m，-400 m，-480 m and -600 m were monitored for a long time，and the time series data of the settlement of the roadway roof in each sublevel were obtained.The deformation of the surrounding rock caused by metal ore mining is a complex mechanical problem.By analyzing the multi-year monitoring results，several significant characteristics of underground settlement are revealed.（1）The deformation caused by mining of the orebody in sublevel at different depths of the seabed shows a large influence range on the rock mass of the fault hanging wall，while the influence range on the footwall rock mass is small.（2）The closer to the orebody（or the ore-control fault F₁） the greater the subsidence of the rock body，forming the feature that the slope of the curve to the left of the maximum settlement point in the settlement curve is larger in absolute value，while the slope of the curve to the right is slightly smaller in absolute value.（3）The final subsidence curves of the six sublevels in the line 55 profile have similar shapes and are generally asymmetric funnel-shaped，with the -200 m sublevel and the -240 m sublevel having a gentle bottom of the cumulative subsidence curve，which is similar to a “pot”，while the -320 m，-400 m，-480 m and -600 m sublevels have a “funnel” shaped subsidence curve.This phenomenon is related to the mining activities in the mine area.（4）The single settlement value in any monitoring period in the sublevel at any depth has the characteristics of up and down fluctuation，which reflects the non-linear characteristics of settlement deformation to a certain extent.The practice of seabed mining in Sanshandao gold mine confirms that：Since 2005，with the expansion of mining scale，the increase of mining intensity and the extension of mining years，the deformation of some of the underground tunnels is serious，and the movement and deformation of the underground surrounding rocks may cause seawater to gush into the tunnels along the damaged rocks，thus threatening the life safety of mining personnel.The study concluded that the thickness of the orebody，mining depth，mining intensity，surrounding lithology and rock structure as well as filling effect in the Xinli mining area are potential factors affecting the deformation of the surrounding rock in the mining of the inclined orebody.Among them，the presence of the controlling fault F₁ in the mine area directly affects the shape of the surrounding rock deformation curve，and this deformation feature should be considered in future production work as well as safety maintenance work（roadway repair work） to prevent from affecting productivity or even generating safety accidents.

The Huaniushan gold deposit is located in the south of Beishan orogenic belt.The orebody is hosted in the contact zone between the Indosinian K-feldspar granite veins and marble.The mineralization process can be divided into early skarn stage and late quartz sulfide stage（main metallogenic stage）.The fluid inclusion properties of quartz and calcite in the main metallogenic period indicate that the ore-forming fluid has the characteristics of medium-low temperature，medium salt，medium-high density，and with CO₂ and CH₄，which belongs to the H₂O-CO₂-NaCl system.The temperature-salinity characteristics indicate that the ore-forming fluid is the mixture of magmatic water and atmospheric precipitation.The average value of δ¹³C_V-PDB，δ¹⁸O_V-PDB and δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW of calcite is 1.7‰，-22.5‰ and 7.69‰，respectively，and the O isotope strong differentiation suggest that magmatic water mixed with atmospheric precipitation to form ore-forming fluids.The average value of sulfur isotope δ³⁴S of pyrite in the ore is -9.73‰，and its large negative value may be related to the surrounding rock strata，indicating that the sulfur source of the deposit may be a mixed source of magma and strata.The metallogenic depth and pressure features hint that the Huaniushan gold deposit belongs to the shallow metal-logenic depth.Comprehensive analysis shows that Huaniushan gold deposit is a medium-low temperature hydrothermal metasomatic （skarn type） gold deposit.Summarily，in the late Triassic，Huaniushan area expe-rienced multi-stage post-orogenic lithospheric extension and mantle-derived magma underplating，the ore-forming fluid produced in the deep and moved upward along the fracture，reacted with the surrounding rock and mixed with atmospheric precipitation.With the pressure decreasing，the ore-forming materials were precipitated and enriched，and initiated the gold mineralization.

Rare earths are important strategic resource in China，which plays an important role in the international markets and ensuring national security.It is crucial for China to comprehensively solve the bottlenecks and challenges in the whole industry chain of rare earth enterprises in order to take control of its development.Based on the literature review of rare earth material flow accounting，it is observed that previous studies mainly focused on the material flow accounting framework for rare earth elements，with limited research on the construction of material flow accounting frameworks of the whole industrial chain，likewise，there is a scarcity of literature on the establishment of evaluation indicators for material flow in the whole industrial chain of rare earth enterprises from a material flow perspective.Therefore，this paper combines the interdisciplinary analysis methods such as material flow and system dynamics，firstly the material flow framework and evaluation indicator system of the whole industrial chain of rare earth enterprises were constructed from the perspective of material flow.On this basis，the relationships between influencing factors of the development level of the whole supply chain of rare earth enterprises were systematically analyzed using system dynamics，and a model for the development level of the entire supply chain of rare earth enterprises was established.Through simulation analysis of the model，the impact of each influencing factor on the development level of the entire industry chain of rare earth was clearly demonstrated，and relevant policy proposals and suggestions were put forward，with a view to identify the key points that hinder the development of the rare earth industry chain and provide insights to overcome the obstacles and challenges for achieving high-quality development of the rare earth industry chain in China.

In engineering operations such as geothermal development and utilization in high-temperature rock formations，underground coal gasification，multiple oil extractions，underground disposal of high-level radioactive waste，and protection and restoration of important buildings after fires，rocks often experience thermal shock due to drastic temperature changes.Thermal shock refers to the phenomenon where an object undergoes a large amount of heat exchange in a short time due to rapid heating or cooling，resulting in the generation of thermal shock stress within the object.To investigate the impact of thermal shock on the dynamic fracture behavior of high-temperature granite，the granite was heated to three different temperature levels of 100，300，600 ℃，followed by cooling using three different methods of furnace cooling，air cooling，and water cooling to provide different cooling rates，resulting in varying degrees of thermal shock within the granite samples.The notched semi-circular bend （NSCB） specimens of the granite samples subjected to thermal shock treatment were tested using a split Hopkinson pressure bar （SHPB） system for dynamic fracture behavior.The fracture pattern of the specimens was recorded using a high-speed camera.The results show that with the increase in specimen temperature and cooling rate，the dry density and longitudinal wave velocity of the specimens decrease significantly，and the porosity increase.Under thermal shock，the dynamic fracture toughness value of the specimens decreased significantly.At the same loading rate level，the dynamic fracture toughness value of the water-cooled specimens is lower than that of the air-cooled specimens，indicating that the crack propagation resistance of rock materials decrease when subjected to dynamic impact.Furthermore，at loading rates higher than 130 GPa·m^0.5/s，the effect of thermal shock on fracture toughness is more pronounced.By analyzing the relationship between dynamic fracture toughness and loading rate，a power law function with a good fitting degree is obtained，revealing the impact of thermal shock on dynamic fracture toughness.Therefore，this study provides valuable reference for the stability of rock formations in cooling treatment projects involving high-temperature rocks，contributing to the design and management of engineering operations such as geothermal development and utilization，underground coal gasification，multiple oil extractions，underground disposal of high-level radioactive waste，and protection and restoration of important buildings after fires.

Logging lithology identification is helpful to quickly and accurately identify the underlying strata and rock mass in the overburden area，which is of great significance to the geological prospecting exploration of metal mines. Based on the actual logging data of the Zhaoxian gold deposit in the northwest of Jiaodong Peninsula，this paper combined machine learning methods to research on intelligent identification of lithology. In view of the diversity and non-equilibrium of lithology distribution of complex rock formations in the deposit，considering the strong non-linear relationship between logging response and lithology，this paper proposed an intelligent identification method for logging lithology based on ADASYN imbalanced data processing and CatBoost machine learning.Firstly，the ADASYN algorithm was used to process the unbalanced logging sample data and generate synthetic samples according to the weighted distribution of small class samples. Then，the CatBoost algorithm was used to construct a machine learning model between logging characteristic and lithology. The validation curve was used to determine the hyperparametric grid search range of the model. Parameters were optimized by combining grid search with grid search and 10-fold cross validation to establish the optimal lithology classification model.Finally，the performance of the model was evaluated by indices such as accuracy，recall and F1 score on the test set，while the results of the lithology classification were interpreted by the model output of the feature importance and the partial dependence map.An example was given on the logging data from the Zhaoxian gold deposit in northwest Jiaodong peninsula，the lithology identification and interpretation analysis were conducted on 10 types of lithologies based on sample data equalisation. The model evaluation results show that the accuracy，recall and F1 score on the test set reached 98.21%，98.20% and 98.20%，respectively.CatBoost lithology classification was compared with GBDT and LightGBM algorithms，and the results show that CatBoost classifier has the best performance and is superior to the lithology recognition effect of sample data without equalization processing.The comparison with the lithology of example logging section cores verifies the validity of the model classification results.The results of the feature importance of the model output indicate that the logging features contribute to lithology classification are resistivity，natural potential and natural gamma.The strong correlation between these logging features and the identification of the lithology is a good indication of further mineralization.

The Baishi W-Cu deposit is a medium-sized quartz vein type deposit formed in Indosinian in southern Jiangxi Province.It belongs to the Nanling metallogenic belt.Although it had been exploited since the founding of the People’s Republic of China，few studies have been done on ore-forming mass.The Baishi granite is the main magmatic rock exposed in the mining area and it is recognized as the ore-forming rock.The Baishi granite has undergone carbonation，chlorite，and muscovite alteration.The Baishi granite has obvious tungsten and copper mineralization.In order to probe into the magma genesis and its relationship with metallogenesis，this study conducted detailed geochemical analysis for the Baishi granite.From the feature of the major elements，the Baishi granite has relatively high SiO₂ contents （71.59%~75.36%），total alkali content（Na₂O+K₂O：6.28%~7.45%），aluminum saturation index（A/CNK：1.71~2.11） and differentiation index（DI：81.53~90.39）.It can be inferred that the Baishi granite is peraluminous granite and it has a high degree of differentiation.In the characteristics of rare earth elements，the Baishi granite exhibits obvious enrichment of light rare earth elements，relative depletion of heavy rare earth elements（LREE/HREE=9.94~12.29） and obvious Eu negative anomaly（δEu=0.28~0.57）.Additionally，in the diagram of trace element spider pattern，the Baishi granite is relatively enriched in large ion lithophile elements，such as Rb，Th and U，and depleted in high field strength elements，such as Nb and Ti.While Ba is depleted relative to Rb.The geochemical characteristics mentioned above and relevant geochemical diagrams of the Baishi granite display obvious characteristics of differential S-type granites.Based on the comprehensive analysis，it can be concluded that the Baishi granite is formed in the intraplate environment.The Baishi granite’s magma source is crust and it is mainly derived from the pelite.In addition，the fractional crystallization plays more important role in its forming process than partial melting.In terms of the tectonic setting，the Baishi granite was formed in the extensional environment after the Indosinian orogeny.More and more studies have shown that the Indosinian mineralization played an important role in W and Sn mineralization in South China，and the Baishi granite is closely related to the Indosinian mineralization in South China.

With the increasing popularity of voluntary environmental regulation，how it will affect executive compensation in enterprises has become an important research topic.A theoretical model of voluntary environmental regulations and executive compensation was constructed，it selected Chinese resource-based listed enterprises from 2011 to 2020 as research samples，and empirically examined the relationship between voluntary environmental regulations and executive compensation.It also investigated the moderating effects of agency costs and the managerial labor market on the relationship between voluntary environmental regulations and executive compensation.The study findings are as follows：（1）The implementation of voluntary environ-mental regulations has a positive impact on executive compensation in resource-based enterprises，and the incentive effect of voluntary environmental regulations on executive compensation is more significant for non-state-owned，large-scale，and young enterprises.（2）Agency costs have a negative moderating effect on the relationship between voluntary environmental regulations and executive compensation，while the managerial labor market has a positive moderating effect.By incorporating voluntary environmental regulations into the study of executive compensation，this article enriches and expands the research in the field of executive compensation and provides empirical evidence for reducing agency costs and promoting the development of the managerial labor market.

The composition of arsenic-bearing refractory gold mine is complex，in which gold is usually encapsulated by arsenopyrite and arsenian pyrite.Arsenic is a poisonous element，which is harmful to human health and has adverse effects on the ecological environment.At the same time，the arsenic-bearing ores can lead to excessive consumption of cyanide and affect cyanide leaching of gold.Therefore，the arsenic-bearing refractory gold ores need to be pre-oxidized before cyanide leaching.The transforming pathway and final form of arsenic have an important effects on the pre-oxidation treatment of arsenic-containing refractory gold ore.At present，there are three pre-oxidation methods for refractory gold ores，namely roasting process，pressure oxidation and bio-oxidation method.Roasting is a proven technology，which can comprehensively recover copper and arsenic，but it is difficult to avoid the release of arsenic in this process.The pressure oxidation is an environment-friendly process that can achieve high gold recovery，but the expensive pressure reactor used in this process will lead to a high capital cost.Bio-oxidation method can obtain a recovery rate close to that of the pressure oxidation method，and the equipment investment cost is much lower than that of the pressure oxidation method.However，the bio-oxidation reaction is slow and a longer residence time is needed.The long residence time and the low efficiency of bio-oxidation treatment，especially the slow oxidation and decomposition rate of low-arsenic minerals，restricts its further development.It may face competition from pressure oxidation in the future.However，if it can be combined with roasting process，it is possible to improve the roasting process with its own environmental advantages in arsenic treatment to form a gold ore treatment technology with both advantages of clean production and efficient treatment.The advantages and existing problems of these pre-oxidation methods for refractory gold ores were reviewed in this paper with emphasis on the conversion of arsenic.Considered the development status of Chinese gold industry and the requirements of environmental protection，the basic development direction of pre-oxidation for refractory gold ores in the future was prospected.With the wide application of arsenic-containing refractory gold ores，the decomposition of arsenic-containing ores by pre-oxidation has become a common process for gold extraction.The pre-oxidation process should consider not only the gold extraction efficiency，but also the safe disposal of arsenic-containing waste.With the increasing of environmental concerns，the requirements of cleaner production even exceed the requirements of production efficiency.The common development of clean production and efficient production is the main trend of current development.

The East Kunlun metallogenic belt is an important gold and other metal metallogenic belt in Qinghai Province，but it is mostly concentrated in the eastern part of the East Kunlun.The western part of the East Kunlun not only has a small number of deposits， but also has a small scale of ore deposits.Meanwhile，the research on the genesis of the deposits is weak and the prospecting potential is unknown，which become the bottleneck restricting the breakthrough of gold prospecting in the western part of the East Kunlun.The discovery of Aqiyin gold ore deposit can not only enrich the types of gold deposit in the East Kunlun metallogenic belt，but also have important scientific research value to improve the understanding of gold mineralization rules in the western part of the East Kunlun.The Aqiyin gold deposit is located in the western part of the East Kunlun metallogenic belt，which is a structural ore-control gold deposit occurred in porphyritic quartz monzonite. In order to determine the metallogenic age of the gold deposit，the ⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar age test of sericite in the altered granite-porphyry related to gold mineralization was carried out，and the weighted average ages of sericite are （263.2±4.5）Ma and （268.7±9.7）Ma，respectively. The results show that the main ore-forming age of the Aqiyin gold deposit is the Middle Permian，which is of great significance for further understanding of the genetic mechanism and geodynamic background and regional gold exploration of the gold deposit in the western part of East Kunlun.Meanwhile，enough attention should be paid to whether there is a Middle Permian gold deposit in the East Kunlun area.

Bedding structure slate can be always observed in civil and mining engineering in recent years，their physical and mechanical properties are significantly controlled by the existing bedding planes，which are generally considered as weak links that can cause various geological disasters.The fracture behavior of bedding structure slate under dynamic loading is therefore a critical issue for the selection of blasting parameters，stability analysis of rock mass，collapse and burst disaster prevention in tunnel，drift，and other underground structures.In order to investigate the effects of the inclination angle of bedding plane and impact velocity on the dynamic fracture behavior of bedding structure slate，the dynamic impact test and numerical simulation method inserted cohesive element were conducted on the notched semicircular bending（NSCB） specimens by a split-Hopkinson pressure bar（SHPB）system.Tests of NSCB specimens under static loading were conducted for comparison，and the inserted cohesive element method was also used to develop the numerical model of layered NSCB specimens under dynamic loading.The fracture initiation and propagation process of the layered specimen under varied loading conditions were modeled.The results show：（1）Impact velocity and the inclination angle of bedding plane has obvious influence on the crack propagation，and three typical cracking paths can be found for NSCB specimens under both static and dynamic loading.（2）The crack propagates along the bedding plane and then directly propagates to the loading point，the cracking path evidently exhibits dependence on the impact velocity and the inclination angle of bedding plane.For specimens under static loading，the dominated crack is more likely to propagate along the bedding planes while the cracks tend to ignore bedding planes as the impact velocity or the inclination angle of bedding plane increases.At the same time，the crack length along the bedding plane is considerably reduced under dynamic loading than under static loading.（3）It is obvious that the impact velocity and the inclination angle of bedding plane have important influence on fracture toughness，it becomes larger with the increasing impact velocity or the inclination angle of bedding plane.

EGR portable full hydraulic drill is a new type of drill rig in recent years.It is a full hydraulic drive， long-stroke feeding power drill，widely used in geological prospecting，to drill trough mineral exploration，railway，bridge and other engineering investigation and hydrogeological exploration.The purpose of this paper is to study the construction capability of this kind of drill and its applicability to exploration in the Beishan Desert Gobi area through practical application，so as to provide more practical reference for the promotion and application of this kind of drill in the industry.This paper introduced in detail the mechanism composition，structural characteristics，main technical parameters of EGR portable hydraulic drill and its application in fluorite prospecting in Beishan area.By comparing with the traditional drill and the same type of drill in various aspects，it is pointed out that this type of drill has many advantages，such as good disassembly，high safety，light weight，low labor intensity and high efficiency of construction platform.In addition，combined with the construction practice of 9 drilling holes in Beishan exploration area，the paper analyzedthe performance of EGR portable hydraulic drill in construction capacity，drilling efficiency and construction cost，etc.At the same time，Beishan is a desert Gobi area，with harsh natural environment and frequent sandstorms，which have adverse effects on the normal operation and maintenance of the full hydraulic drill.In order to test its applicability in the exploration of Beishan fluorite deposit，the paper also points out some shortcomings and application prospects of EGR portable hydraulic drill.

In order to identify the occurrence， enrichment， storage conditions and distribution characteristics of rare metal ore in the clay layer，to study the sedimentary characteristics，variation law and metallogenic law of the Qaidam Basin，the evaluation of resource potential were studied in Balunhaima Basin of Qaidam Basin. The investigation and evaluation of lithium rare light metals as the main minerals in Balunmahai salt lake Basin of Qaidam Basin has been carried out， including drilling， sample collection and testing， statistical analysis of data， correlation of rock and ore-bearing clay layers， law summary and research work on the availability of ore-bearing clay. Three layers of ore-bearing clay layers were delineated in the Quaternary Holocene （Qh）， Upper Pleistocene （Qp³） and Middle Pleistocene （Qp²）. It is estimated that the total potential resources of LiCl can reach 1.1441 million tons， which is converted into the total potential resources of Li₂O， Rb₂O and Cs₂O reaching 403 200 tons， 357 200 tons and 31 300 tons respectively.The lithium leaching rate reaches 51%~55% with 10% sulfuric acid concentration，25% pulp concentration，1 hour leaching time and 25 ℃ leaching temperature.The thickness of ore-bearing clay layer and the contents of Li，Rb and Cs are stable. Lithium is mainly composed of Fe-Mn binding state，followed by residue state，Rb and Cs are mainly composed of residue state.The clay minerals are mainly illite，and the contents of Li，Rb and Cs are positively correlated with the clay content. It is concluded that there are both structural lithium and adsorbed lithium in clay-type lithium deposits in this area，which is a kind of clay-type lithium deposits between carbonate clay-type lithium deposits and volcanic clay-type lithium deposits.This type is a new type in Balunmahai Basin，and the mining area has the conditions for extraction and utilization.In this paper，the investigation and evaluation of rare light metal lithium deposits were carried out for the first time in clay layer，and the clay-type lithium rare light metal resources were found.The orebody is associated with liquid ore and solid salt ore，which is an important part of salt lake resources.The research lays a foundation for the overall planning，development and efficient utilization of the evaluation area of the Balunmahai Basin.

The “cloud-edge-terminal” system of smart mines under the mode of industrial internet of things（IIoT） has become the focus of development of mining enterprises.At present，the digitalization and intelligence at the “cloud” and “end” levels have began to take shape.However，the construction at the “edge” level，namely the edge layer，is relatively weak，which restricts the production efficiency of smart mines.Therefore，the concept of “mine-edge intelligence” were proposed，which was defined as an edge intelligence technology system specifically designed for mining production environments，with multi-dimensional characteristics in geography，network and technology.The key technologies include data fusion，information communication and edge security.Data fusion not only integrates data from different sources，but also solves the issue of equipment compatibility.The equipment in the mining environment comes from various vendors，utilizing different communication protocols and data formats.It is very important to establish a data fusion platform that can handle heterogeneous data and ensure compatibility among devices.This necessitates the conversion of data formats，so that the data in the system circulation，coupled with data cleaning，processing，and analysis.The information and communication capacities focus on establishing an efficient and reliable communication network in the mining environment.This includes the adoption of advanced communication technologies and network architectures to optimize network configuration and management，and ensure rapid and secure data transmission between the “cloud”，“edge” and “end”.The edge security technology focuses on protecting edge layer devices and data，including encryption，authentication，and access control methods to enhance security.Moreover，it is necessary to emphasize the deep integration of mining technology with intelligent technology.This includes process reshaping driven by software requirements，as well as innovations in process decision-making，network architecture and environmental sensing.In summary，as the core of the smart mine’s edge layer，“mine-edge intelligence”needs to strengthen data fusion，information communication and edge security technology.Future development should focus on the deep integration of mining technology and intelligent technology to enhance production efficiency and safety.

In the process of tailing cemented filling goaf，the discontinuity of the filling operation causes delamination of the filling body at the interface of the two fillings.In order to study the mechanical properties of the layered tailing cemented backfill and improve the deterioration effect of stratification，three types of delaminated backfill specimens，namely，intact non-delaminated，interface natural delamination，and interface sandblasted delamination，were produced.Each delamination type contains three material ratios of 1∶4，1∶6，and 1∶8 for ash-sand ratio，and uniaxial compression tests were conducted on specimens at curing ages of 3 d，7 d，14 d and 28 d to compare and analyze the deformation and damage characteristics of specimens with different delamination characteristics，different material ratios，and different curing ages.The results show that：（1） The delamination phenomenon significantly affects the mechanical properties of the tailing sand cemented backfill，considerably reducing the uniaxial compressive strength and the elastic modulus.Comparing the intact unstratified，naturally stratified specimens，the strength reduction rate caused by stratification increase ranged from 1.41% to 19.09% and exponentially with the increase of the curing age and ash-sand ratio.It indicates that the more significant the ash-sand proportion and the longer the maintenance age，the more pronounced the weakening effect of delamination of the backfill.Comparing the naturally delaminated and sandblasted delaminated specimens，the strength gain rate due to sandblasted delamination ranges from 1.92% to 16.26%，which increases with the increase of the ash-sand ratio，decreases firstly with the rise of the curing age and then remains flat and stable，and shows a higher strength gain rate in the early curing period.（2） The modulus of elasticity of the three-layered backfill types increases exponentially with the maintenance age.The discount of the modulus of elasticity of the natural layering relative to the complete layering increases with the rise in the maintenance age and decreases with the decrease of the gray sand ratio.The modulus of elasticity of the sandblasted layering relative to the natural layering only has a relatively apparent increase at 3 d，and the rest of the age is basically at the same level.（3） Using the rate of decrease of the post-peak strength curve as the ductility evaluation criterion，the post-peak strength curves of the three-layered types of backfill show better post-peak ductility with the decrease of ash-sand ratio，and it becomes more and more evident with the increase of maintenance age.The post-peak ductility performance of different layered types of backfill is in the order of interface sandblasted layered>interface natural layered>complete non-layered.（4）The damage of the delami-nated backfill is mainly in the form of tensile damage and conjugate shear damage，and the delamination surface makes part of the vertical compressive stress transformed into horizontal tensile stress，and the cracks inside the specimen are concentrated in the soft delamination surface，which makes the compressive strength of the backfill reduced.Sandblasting treatment can improve force transmission on the delamination surface to a certain extent.In order to reduce the degradation of the material’s mechanical properties by delamination，sandblasting，and other roughening treatment can be carried out on the last filling surface at the interval of the second filling.

The harmless treatment process of cyanide-containing gold tailings were used as the subject of study.The Life Cycle Assessment （LCA） method was applied to construct evaluation models for two options to quantitatively assess the environmental load and resource consumption of tailings press washing，filter residue treatment and filtrate treatment.The results show that：（1） The tailings toxicity level in Option 2 is 98.5% lower than that in Option 1，but does not achieve a lower overall environmental impact；（2） The main environmental issue in Option 1 is freshwater ecotoxicity，while the environmental impacts in Option 2 are，in descending order，resource depletion，freshwater ecotoxicity and human toxicity；（3） The Thiocyanide reduction with Fenton and dry stacking of tailings in Option 1 are the main links that affect the overall environment with the dry stacking of tailings contributing over 50% to human non-carcinogenic toxicity and freshwater ecotoxicity，and the cyanide removal with Fenton from tailings in Option 2 is the most central issue in all 14 environmental impact indicators.The large number of chemicals used in both options is a major element of the environmental impact while electrical energy shows low environmental impact.The transfer of environmental impacts from Option 1 to Option 2 occurs in terms of form，volume and linkage.In terms of overall environmental impact，the treatment of tailings can move towards pharmaceutical reduction and the use of clean，environmentally friendly substances.

As an important geological prospecting method，geochemical survey has been widely used in regional mineral prospect survey with its fast and efficient characteristics，and has achieved good geological prospecting results.At present，the main methods used include river sediment survey，soil survey，rock survey，etc.The southern belt of Beishan，Gansu Province，is an important metallogenic belt in the Beishan area of Gansu Province，belonging to the arid desert Gobi landscape area，with poor natural conditions and low degree of geological work.In the area，the development of river system is generally short，and the primary and secondary river systems are the main ones. The river sediment can well reflect the mineralization information in the catchment area. The 1∶50 000 stream sediment survey was carried out in the selected blocks in the research area，and the content information of 14 elements in the research area was obtained，such as Au，Ag，Cu，Pb，Zn，Co，Ni，Hg，Sb，As，Mo，W，Sn，Bi. The obtained geochemical data were processed in combination with the strata，structure，and distribution of magmatic rocks in the research area.The elements in the research area have obvious classification characteristics，in which Au，Ag，As，Sb，Hg are a group of medium-low temperature hydrothermal elements，Cu，Pb，Zn，Mo，Ni，Co are a group of medium-high temperature hydrothermal elements and basic elements in basic and ultrabasic rocks，which are related to hydrothermal activities and basic and ultrabasic dikes controlled by NW and NE trending fault structures in the research area.W，Sn and Bi are a group of high-temperature element combinations，representing W mineralization in the research area.According to the distribution characteristics of the elements and the geological background，five comprehensive anomalies were delineated in the research area，including two Class B1 anomalies，two Class B2 anomalies，and one Class C3 anomaly. Through the general inspection and key inspection of the anomalies，Huayaoshan tungsten deposit was found in the HS-3 anomaly，and Dakouzi Dongshan tungsten deposit and Huayaoshan toxic placer deposit were found in the HS-4 anomaly.In the research area，three prospecting prospects with tungsten ore as the main ore were divided.It shows that the measurement of stream sediment has good geological prospecting effect in the southern belt of Beishan，and provides basic data for further geological prospecting work in the research area. At the same time，combined with the geological prospecting results in the southern belt of Beishan in recent years，the authors comprehensively analyzed the metallogenic geological background，metallogenic environment，mineralization，and metallogenic law in the research area，and put forward new prospecting directions and suggestions for the next step，which has reference significance for carrying out mineral prospecting in the arid desert Gobi natural landscape area of Beishan in Gansu Province.

The tectonic position of the study area belongs to the junction of the southwest edge of the Yangtze quasi platform and the Youjiang fold belt of the south China fold belt，which is an important component of carlin-type gold deposits area in southwest Guizhou.The deep hidden deposit prospecting has not made a new breakthrough.Based on the recent research on structure-controlled alteration zone （SBT） and the latest theoretical results of multi-level structural slippage metallogenic system of carlin-type gold deposits in Nanpanjiang-Youjiang area，the geological background and geological characteristics of typical deposits are studied through field investigation in the Kawu，Southwestern Guizhou，China.The results further clarified the geological characteristics of gold deposits in the Kawu area and identified the main prospecting criteria，established the core elements of gold prospecting prediction in the Kawu area，and newly identified the existence of SBT between the rock interfaces with large differences in rock competence in the area，providing an important basis for regional prospecting prediction.The gold orebody is deposited in SBT and the high-angle pressure fault and the interlayer fracture zone，system summary Kawu area gold metallogenic elements.The study shows that the regional structural detachment and interlayer fracture zone are the main channel of metallogenic fluid migration and the ore site of gold ore body，the abnormal overlap parts of the metallogenic elements such as Au，As，Sb and Hg are the most favorable parts of mineralization，which is the same metallogenic system as the regional carlin-type gold deposit，and the gold metallogenic conditions are superior.Based on the multi-level structural detachment metallogenic system and the prospecting prediction model，the prospecting prediction was carried out，3 prospecting prediction areas were delineated，the gold resources in Kawu area were predicted as 50 t，and the prospecting direction in the area is defined，so as to provide guidance and reference for the subsequent prospecting work in this area.

Due to the long-term mining，the resource crisis in Xishan section of Linglong gold field is becoming more and more serious.The known main veins have been basically explored and mined by pit exploration，finding new resources has become an urgent need for mines.Through regional geological analysis and summary of metallogenic regularity，the veins in the ore-section are sorted out one by one，and it is found that the local geological structure is inconsistent with the regional structural regularity.The researchers selected the 108# vein group with stable overall occurrence but large local changes to study the metallogenic regularity and tectonic movement regularity.Through the study of the movement law of the upper and lower plates of the 108# vein group and the mineralization of 108# vein group，it was found that the main vein of 108# vein is a reverse fault with obvious displacement，while its branch vein 96#，vein 98# and vein 107# are tensile-torsional or tensile faults with no obvious displacement.At the same time，there are obvious differences in mineral structure and mineral composition，so it is speculated that there are a series of structures in the footwall of the western main vein of 108# vein，which are consistent with the structural laws of the branches in the footwall and move downward with the footwall.Therefore，108# blind branches were found in the blind zone prospecting in the speculated area at -50 elevation level of Xishan ore section.The exploration of 108# veins verified the study of this metallogenic regularity and established a branch prospecting model，that is，the upper and lower walls of the main vein of 108# vein have ore-hosting secondary structures corresponding to each other with nearly parallel arrangement and nearly equal spacing distribution，and the blind veins of 108 2# veins and 108 3# veins were successfully explored by this model.At present，the proven metal amount is 2.4 tons，which prolongs the service life of the mine.It is worth mentioning that after the upper and lower wall branches of 108# main vein were dislocated by the fault of 108# main vein，the lower branch vein and the upper branch vein experienced different metallogenic periods.In the later period，the main vein of the 108# vein blocked the ore-forming hydrothermal solution，so that the ore-bearing faults of the lower plate could form better orebodies，and the mineralization of the footwall branches vein at the far end of 108# main vein also confirmed this point.According to the results of this prospecting，the same tectonic regularity and metallogenic environment have been found in other vein groups such as 53#，55# vein group，which points out the direction for the next prospecting.

The formation of the Dayingezhuang gold deposit involves the coupled effects of tectonic deformation，pore-fluid transport，heat transfer，and hydrogeochemical reactions.In this paper，FLAC^3D nume-rical simulation software and modern mineralization rate concept were used to carry out numerical simulation of force-heat-fluid-chemical coupling of Dayingezhuang gold deposit，so as to explore the controlling effect of fracture structure，bulk deformation，and chemical process coupling on the emplacement of gold orebody.The simulation results demonstrate the following findings： From the perspective of physical process，the steep-slow transition and its local undulation zones along the Zhaoping fault tend to develop larger volume strains with differences of up to 1% compared to the surrounding rocks.This uneven strain distribution leads to the formation of uneven ore-holding spaces and pore pressure variation distribution.Significantly differences between high values of positive and negative pore pressure gradients are observed near the zones with large volume strains，while the differences in other zones are less notable.From the perspective of chemical process，mineralizing fluids tend to converge and stagnate at sites with high volume strain during their migration from the deep to the shallow parts.This convergence of mineralizing fluids leads to a greater precipitation of gold orebodies （mineralization rate less than 0），indicating the occurrence of intense water-rock reactions.In contrast，the areas where the mineralizing fluids don’t converge exhibit a predominance of positive mineralization rate dis-tribution，suggesting the absence of significant gold orebody precipitation.Furthermore，the ROC curve analysis with an AUC value of 0.815 provides quantitative evidence of the strong correlation between the mineralization rate and known gold orebodies，suggesting that this coupling of multiple physical-chemical processes at the same sites may be a key factor governing the formation of Dayingezhuang gold deposit. Based on these observations，it can be inferred that the deep-seated regions of Dayingezhuang deposit hold considerable mineralization potential.

After mining operations，a large number of broken ore pillars will be left behind，forming a group of ore pillars.The group of ore pillars is of great significance for safe underground operations and the recovery of ore pillars resources.Under the influence of high ground stress，geological weak surface structure，free face generation，blasting vibration and other factors，the ore pillars group is very prone to instability，collapse，resulting in disaster of a large area of instability ore pillars group，thus causing great harm to underground workers and equipment.In order to strengthen the safety control of the mine pillars group，the stability analysis was carried out based on the renormalization group theory and Bayesian network.The renormalization group is a scaling transformation group.The self-similarity transformation of the basic unit can be used to describe the whole system，which is similar to the process in which the instability of a single pillar ultimately leads to the instability of the pillars group.Bayesian network can also overcome the uncertainty in the process of the instability of the pillars group.Therefore，based on the renormalization group theory and Bayesian network，the stability analysis model of pillars group was established.A pillars group in Tongkeng mine was taking as the research object.Firstly，the critical instability probability of the pillars group was derived based on the two-dimensional renormalization group model.Secondly，the multiple logistic regression model was used to deduce the calculation formula of the instability probability of a single pillar，then the stability，instability and instability probability of the pillar was calculated，and the stability probability of a single pillar was input into the Bayesian network to obtain the instability probability of the pillars group.Finally，by comparing with the critical instability probability of the pillars group obtained from the two-dimensional renormalization group model，the stability group of the pillars group was obtained.The research results show that this method can more accurately obtain the instability probability of the ore pillars group，and by defining the stability probability of a single ore pillar to carry out Bayesian network probability inversion and sensitivity analysis on the ore pillars，can design the optimal mining route of the ore pillars，and achieve safe，efficient and low loss recovery of pillars resources in the panel.This method can also provide reference for stability analysis and pillars resource recovery of similar mine pillar groups.

Rare earths are listed as crisis minerals，key raw materials or strategic minerals by countries around the world.Taking the trade networks of main rare earth products as the research object，the research gets trade data of 7 kinds of rare earth products from 54 major countries（or regions） during the period of 2009—2020，and the evolution of 7 rare earth products trade networks was compared by social network analysis，and the basis of trade network formation mechanism was explained by using the Exponential Random Graph Model（ERGM） analysis method.The conclusions are as follows：（1）Trade network links of some rare earth products，such as rare earth mineral substances，compounds of rare-earth metals，Ferro-cerium and permanent magnet，are getting tight.While the overall structures of all the networks are still relatively loose.Trade networks of all rare earth products have a high community structure and connectivity，showing a small world property but gradually weakening.（2）In the trade networks of 7 rare earth products，it can be easily found that huge trade volumes are controlled by a few countries，with an obvious center-periphery phenomenon.Rich Club Phenomenon is significant in trade networks of rare earth metals，rare-earth compounds，cerium compounds，Ferro-cerium and Ferro-alloys.（3）Countries’ performance in Degree Centrality remain stable.Germany and China are both core countries，but Germany’s advantage is weakening while China strengthening.（4）Influences of mutualism，multi-connectivity，transitive closure，convergence and expansionary structural effects on trade network evolution of 7 rare earth products are significantly heterogeneous.The research results provide policy enlightenment for China to strengthen the strategic research and judgment of the new pattern and new situation of global rare earth product trade and alleviate economic and trade frictions.

A series of hydrothermal cobalt polymetallic deposits in northeastern Hunan Province occurr along the Changsha-Pingjiang fault zone，the middle section of the Jiangnan orogen belt. These deposits are hosted in the tectonic-hydrothermal alteration belt at the footwall of the Changsha-Pingjiang fault zone，and controlled by the fault zone and its secondary structures.However，the occurrence state of cobalt and cobalt-containing minerals in the whole belt isn’t sufficient，which restricts the understanding of the metallogenic process of cobalt in the belt.The detailed mineralogical observation，TIMA analysis and EPMA showed that the pyrite is the main sulfide and also an important cobalt-containing mineral in the Hengdong deposit.It exhibits a complex textural characteristics，that is，the cobalt-rich pyrite with silk-shaped，ring-shaped or irregularly at the edge replaced by the cobalt-poor pyrite at the core.The cobalt-rich pyrite has a clear oscillating zone exhibits high Co （up to 3.52%） but low Ni contents （≤0.09%）. The complex zoning indicated that fluid-coupled dissolution and precipitation mechanism was responsible for the formation of Co-rich pyrite. In comparison，cobaltite ore is the most important cobalt-bearing mineral in the Jintang cobalt polymetallic deposit，which is closely related to pyrite，marcasite，and arsenopyrite，and occurs as an isolated granular form or wrapped in arsenopyrite particles.The particle size of cobaltite is between 3 μm and 45 μm. The contents of Co，Fe，and Ni of cobalt vary from 9.51% to 23.21%（average is 15.50%），4.33% to 17.66%（average is 9.46%），and 5.52% to 15.24%（average is 9.31%），respectively.Combied with the occurrence form of cobalt in the Jingchong cobalt-copper polymetallic deposit，it could be concluded that the cobalt-containing minerals vary from cobaltite to pyrite along the Changsha-Pingjiang fault zone from southwest to northeast.Furthermore，the Co contents in cobaltite increases tend to while Ni contents decreases，and the high content of Co in pyrite decreases.The mineralizing disparity could be explained by controlling factors such as ore-forming fluid migration direction and physical-chemical conditions（e.g.，pH value and f_S2）. Combined with Co（-polymetallic） orebodies controlled by the NE-trending Changsha-Pingjiang deep fault zone，it was proposed that the southwestern part of the deep fault in Lianyunshan area would be the focus of next cobalt exploration in northeastern Hunan Province.

Rock joints have significant influence on the propagation of stress waves in jointed rock mass.Study on the propagation law of stress waves in jointed rock mass is of great practical significance and theoretical value for rock blasting，earthquake engineering and explosion protection.The code was written by FISH language to modify the normal stiffness of micro-joints in the smooth joint model，and a particle flow model of rock joints with nonlinear deformation characteristics was established.The propagation characteristics of stress waves across single nonlinear deformed joints were analyzed，and the influence laws of joint stiffness，stress wave amplitude and stress wave frequency on the transmission and reflection coefficients were obtained.The interaction mechanism between stress wave and joint was revealed from microscopic perspective.The results show that the joint equivalent stiffness has a great influence on transmission and reflection coefficients of the stress wave.The larger the equivalent stiffness is，the larger the transmission coefficient is，and the smaller the reflection coefficient is.When the joint stiffness reaches a certain critical value，the transmission coefficient increases slowly and tends to a constant value.With the increase of the amplitude of incident wave，the transmission coefficient is increasing and reflection coefficient is decreasing.The stress wave transmission coefficient decreases with the increase of incident wave frequency，and the joint shows high frequency filtering.

In order to solve the problem of prospecting around and deep prospecting in Daiyinzhang mining area in Wutai County，Shanxi Province，the geoelectrochemical exploration method was carried out in the sections of three profiles 6，8 and 12 lines in the mining area，and the geoelectrochemical exploration method test under the conditions of energization （dipolar geoelectric extraction） and non-energization （foam-plastic adsorption extraction） was compared and analyzed in order to verify the feasibility of the method in the area and the influence of the applied electric field on the exploration effect.The results show that the geoele-ctrochemical extraction anomaly is clearly displayed above the known gold orebody，which corresponds well to the occurrence location of the gold orebody，and the exploration effect is remarkable，and it is effective and feasible to use geoelectrochemical methods to find hidden gold deposits in Wutai area of Shanxi Province.The applied electric field does improve the efficiency of geoelectrochemical extraction，the detection depth is also greater than the adsorption extraction without electricity，which is more sensitive，and it can clearly show the hidden orebody and weak mineralization abnormality.The anomaly corresponds to the burial location of the deep orebody，and the extracted orebody information is more comprehensive and complete，which has a good effect on further analysis of the location and distribution form of the underground orebody，and it can play a good indicator effect in deep prospecting prediction.

Yudai copper deposit is a newly discovered and medium-sized copper deposit located in the Kalatag district，northern Dananhu-Tousuquan island-arc belt，eastern Tianshan，NW China.Through field geological survey and laboratory research，the geological characteristics and genesis of the deposit were discussed.The ore-bearing geological formation is a set of volcanic-pyroclastic rocks，and the orebody is hosted in the porphyritic quartz diorite and volcanic rocks of the Daliugou Formation.It is controlled by the faults and is mainly vein and lenticular type.The ore types are mainly disseminated and veined and the structures are mainly granular，disseminated and veined.The metal minerals are mainly chalcopyrite and pyrite，and the gangue minerals are mainly quartz，followed by chlorite and sericite.The ore-forming process can be divided into four stages，namely quartz-magnetite stage，K-feldspar-quartz-pyrite stage，quartz-pyrite-chalcopyrite-molybdenite stage and quartz-carbonate-gypsum stage.The hydrothermal alteration is characterized by K-feldspar，silica，chlorite，epidote，sericite and carbonate.The alteration is typically zoned from center to outer with K-feldspar-silica zone，silica-sericite zone，argillic zone and chlorite-epidote- carbonate zone，and K-feldspar-silica zone，silica-sericite-pyrite zone and chlorite-epidote-carbonate zone from top to bottom. The metallogenic geological conditions，ore body characteristics and hydrothermal alteration of the Yudai copper deposit are consistent with the porphyry copper deposit in the Dananhu-Tousuquan island-arc belt.Therefore，it is considered that Yudai copper deposit belongs to porphyry copper deposit.

As the basic industry of the manufacturing industry，how the non-ferrous metal industry affects the manufacturing industry has become an important issue in both academia and industry. Using the input-output theory and complex network theory，an industrial correlation network between the non-ferrous metal industry and manufacturing industry was constructed based on the non-ferrous metal industry and manufacturing data in the input-output table from 2017 to 2020. The relative quantitative statistical analysis was conducted on the correlation characteristics and network structure of China’s non-ferrous metal industry at the current stage，and the industrial correlation between China’s non-ferrous metal industry and manufacturing industry was comprehensively analyzed from three aspects of action direction，correlation degree and network characteristics. The research results show that：（1）In the direction of action，the non-ferrous metal industry has a more obvious forward correlation with the downstream manufacturing industry，that is，the driving effect is greater than the pulling effect. （2）In the degree of correlation，among the top10 manufacturing sectors that have a significant direct consumption with the non-ferrous metal industry，the non-ferrous metal rolling and processing products sector has the most obvious correlation with the tansmission，distribution and control equipment sector.（3）In terms of network characteristics，within the non-ferrous metal industry，the non-ferrous metal mining and dressing department has stronger control capabilities but lacks the input and output of resources.The non-ferrous metal rolling processed products department is the core department of the non-ferrous metal industry，with the greatest value to the manufacturing industry. Within the manufacturing industry，the current role of the resource processing industry is obvious，and the core position of the mechanical and electronic manufacturing industry is on the rise.