黄金尾矿两种无害化处理方案生命周期评价

doi:10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2023.05.044

Abstract

Abstract:

The harmless treatment process of cyanide-containing gold tailings were used as the subject of study.The Life Cycle Assessment （LCA） method was applied to construct evaluation models for two options to quantitatively assess the environmental load and resource consumption of tailings press washing，filter residue treatment and filtrate treatment.The results show that：（1） The tailings toxicity level in Option 2 is 98.5% lower than that in Option 1，but does not achieve a lower overall environmental impact；（2） The main environmental issue in Option 1 is freshwater ecotoxicity，while the environmental impacts in Option 2 are，in descending order，resource depletion，freshwater ecotoxicity and human toxicity；（3） The Thiocyanide reduction with Fenton and dry stacking of tailings in Option 1 are the main links that affect the overall environment with the dry stacking of tailings contributing over 50% to human non-carcinogenic toxicity and freshwater ecotoxicity，and the cyanide removal with Fenton from tailings in Option 2 is the most central issue in all 14 environmental impact indicators.The large number of chemicals used in both options is a major element of the environmental impact while electrical energy shows low environmental impact.The transfer of environmental impacts from Option 1 to Option 2 occurs in terms of form，volume and linkage.In terms of overall environmental impact，the treatment of tailings can move towards pharmaceutical reduction and the use of clean，environmentally friendly substances.

Key words: cyanide-containing gold tailings, harmless treatment, tailings toxicity, LCA, transfer of environ-mental impacts, pharmaceutical reduction

CLC Number:

X828

Sicheng LU, Rendong HUANG, Ying SHI. Life Cycle Assessment of Two Harmless Treatment Options for Gold Tailings[J].Gold Science and Technology, 2023, 31(5): 845-855.

Figures/Tables 12

Fig.1

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Life cycle inventory in Option 2"

过程	物质（输入或输出）	数量
压滤洗涤	电能	2.17 kW·h
压滤洗涤	水	2 000 kg
尾矿芬顿脱氰	水	1 500 kg
	硫酸亚铁	1.675 kg
	50%过氧化氢溶液	1.665 kg
	硫酸	38.49 kg
	电能	4 kW·h
尾矿运输	货车	12 t $?$ km
尾矿贮存	总氰化物	0.72 g
	硫氰化物	4.1 g
	铜	0.01 g
	锌	0.2 g
	砷	0.02 g
	镉	0.001 g
	铬	0.01 g
	铁	1.8 g
	氨氮	1.5 g
铁盐脱氰（改进）	硫酸亚铁	1 kg
铁盐脱氰（改进）	电能	2.54 kW·h
因科深度脱氰	亚硫酸钠	2 kg
	硫酸铜	0.2 kg
	生石灰	0.4 kg
	电能	0.612 kW·h
泵送系统	电能	4.875 kWh

Table 4

Table 5

Fig.2

Fig.3

Fig.4

Fig.5

Fig.6

Fig.7

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污染物名称	浓度/（mg·L^-1）	污染物名称	浓度/（mg·L^-1）
总氰化物	4.25	汞	未检出
硫氰化物	5.79	镉	未检出
铜	1.80	铬	0.0005
铅	0.01	铁	11.2
锌	0.002	氨氮	未检出
砷	0.02

污染物名称	浓度/（mg·L^-1）	污染物名称	浓度/（mg·L^-1）
总氰化物	0.072	汞	未检出
硫氰化物	0.410	镉	0.0001
铜	0.001	铬	0.0010
铅	未检出	铁	0.1800
锌	0.020	氨氮	0.1500
砷	0.002

环境影响类别	方案1	方案2
气候变化/（kg CO₂ eq）	1.54E+01	2.06E+01
臭氧消耗/（ kg CFC11 eq）	1.44E-06	3.43E-06
电离辐射/（kBq U-235 eq）	8.76E-01	1.72E+00
光化学臭氧形成/（kg NMVOC eq）	6.59E-02	1.89E-01
颗粒物形成/（disease inc）	9.18E-07	3.09E-06
人类非致癌毒性/（CTUh）	4.91E-07	3.21E-06
人类致癌毒性/（CTUh）	2.99E-08	5.95E-08
水陆酸化/（mol H⁺ eq）	8.19E-02	6.03E-01
淡水富营养化/（kg P eq）	3.46E-03	1.80E-02
海洋富营养化/（kg N eq）	2.12E-02	5.57E-02
陆地富营养化/（mol N eq）	2.20E-01	6.26E-01
淡水生态毒性/（CTUe）	2.39E+03	2.08E+03
土地占用/（Pt）	8.34E+02	9.43E+02
水资源消耗/（m³ depriv.）	5.08E+01	1.79E+02
化石资源枯竭/（MJ）	1.97E+02	2.98E+02
金属和矿物资源枯竭/（kg Sb eq）	1.81E-04	5.52E-03
气候变化—生物因素/（kg CO方正汇总行₂ eq）	5.77E-01	2.02E-01

Life Cycle Assessment of Two Harmless Treatment Options for Gold Tailings

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