露天台阶水介质间隔装药结构优选及对比试验研究

doi:10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2023.06.077

Abstract

Abstract:

Aiming at the unfavorable blasting effects of the open-air step stripping blasting，such as large blocks and many root bottoms，the blasting effect of the open-air step was optimized by adopting the two-stage charge structure of water medium interval at the bottom of the blast hole and the middle part.To obtain the optimal two-stage charge structure of water medium interval in step stripping blasting of the open-pit mine，the blast hole pressure of the air-medium and water-medium interval charging were discussed from theoretical analysis，the unit consumption of water medium interval charge structure in Wujiata open-pit mine was optimized by experiments.On the basis of the selected optimal unit consumption，three groups of three-dimensional models of different water medium interval charge structure were established by using ANSYS/LS-DYNA numerical simu-lation software.The optimal water medium interval charge structure was selected by analyzing the stress change curve of rock mass，rock mass damage range，and free surface tensile crack area ratio at the bottom of the blast hole，the middle of the lower charge，and the upper position of the blast hole.The blasting effect was evaluated from the index of boulder yield by the blasting comparative experimental with the charge structure of air medium interval.The research results show that blasting with a charge structure of a water medium interval can significantly increase the blasting pressure and improve the rock-crushing effect.The optimal unit consumption of water medium interval charge structure blasting in Wujiata open-pit mine is 0.33~0.34 kg/m³，saving 0.03~0.04 kg/m³ unit consumption of explosives than before. The blasting of a charge structure with an upper water medium interval of 1 m and the lower water medium interval of 1 m has more stress on the rock mass and has a long duration，the damage is evenly distributed along the blast hole，the range is regular，and the free surface tensile crack area accounts for the highest proportion，and its blasting effect optimal.The blasting fragmentation indexes of the optimal water medium interval charge structure all show a good proportion.The research results can provide a reference for the application of water medium interval charge structure in open-pit step blasting.

Key words: charge structure, numerical simulation, water medium interval, open-air step, fragmentation analy-sis, blasting effect

CLC Number:

TD235

Honglu FEI, Hainan JI, Jie SHAN. Optimization and Comparative Experimental Study of Charge Structure of Water Medium Interval on Open-air Step[J].Gold Science and Technology, 2023, 31(6): 930-943.

Figures/Tables 25

Fig.1

Table 1

Fig.2

Fig.3

Fig.4

Fig.5

Fig.6

Fig.7

Table 2

Table 3

Parameters of explosive material and state equation"

参数	数值	参数	数值
密度ρ/（kg·m^-3）	850	R₁	3.91
损伤参数D/（m·s^-1）	3 000	R₂	1.52
爆压P/GPa	5.15	$ω$	0.33
A/GPa	494	s/（J·m^-3）	2.48×10⁹
B/GPa	1.89	V	1

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Fig.8

Fig.9

Fig.10

Fig.11

Table 6

Fig.12

Fig.13

Table 7

Fig.14

Fig.15

Fig.16

Fig.17

Table 8

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组别	装药结构	炸药单耗/（kg·m^-3）	爆破效果
组别	装药结构	炸药单耗/（kg·m^-3）	70 cm以上块度占比/%	爆堆抛掷距离/m
对照组	炸药（5.5 m）—空气（1.5 m）—炸药（2.5 m）—填塞（3.5 m）	0.37	13.2	25.0
试验组1	炸药（5.4 m）—水（1.6 m）—炸药（2.5 m）—填塞（3.5 m）	0.36	4.2	28.0
试验组2	炸药（5.2 m）—水（1.8 m）—炸药（2.5 m）—填塞（3.5 m）	0.35	7.5	26.5
试验组3	炸药（5.0 m）—水（2.0 m）—炸药（2.5 m）—填塞（3.5 m）	0.34	9.5	25.8
试验组4	炸药（4.8 m）—水（2.2 m）—炸药（2.5 m）—填塞（3.5 m）	0.33	15.5	23.3

参数名称	数值	参数名称	数值
密度ρ/（kg?m^-3）	2 400	拉压强度比F_t*	0.09
剪切模量/GPa	26.7	剪压强度比F_s*	0.21
单轴抗压强度f_c/MPa	49	Hugoniot多项式参数A₁/GPa	30.27
剪切模量缩减系数ξ	0.5	Hugoniot多项式参数A₂/GPa	48.59
状态方程参数T₁/GPa	25.45	Hugoniot多项式参数A₃/GPa	31.04
状态方程参数B₀	1.22	拉压子午比参数Q₀	0.6805
状态方程参数B₁	1.22	罗德角相关系数B	0.0105
压实压力P_lock/GPa	6	失效面参数A	2.1
压碎压力P_crush/MPa	20.2	失效面指数N	0.637
拉伸应变率指数β_t	0.0115	压缩应变率指数β_c	0.0083
压缩屈服面参数G_c*	0.4	残余应力强度参数A_f	1.61
拉伸屈服面参数G_t*	0.7	残余应力强度指数N_f	0.6
损伤参数D₁	0.04	损伤参数D₂	1
初始孔隙度α₀	1.08	孔隙度指数N_p	3

参数	数值	参数	数值
密度ρ/（kg·m^-3）	2 130	μ	0.27
初始内能E/MPa	10.4	σ/MPa	0.7

参数	数值	参数	数值
ρ₀/（kg·m^-3）	1 000	γ₀	0.5
C	1 480	α	1.3937
S₁	1.89	E	256
S₂	3.91	V	1.0
S₃	1.52

装药结构	自由面拉伸裂纹面积占比/%
①	18.39
②	20.77
③	20.35

Optimization and Comparative Experimental Study of Charge Structure of Water Medium Interval on Open-air Step

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