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Gold Science and Technology ›› 2021, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (6): 843-853.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2021.06.057

• Mining Technology and Mine Management • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Model of the Height of Overburden Fracture Zone Based on Void Conservation

Dan HUANG1,2,3(),He CHEN1,3,Zhijie ZHENG1,3   

  1. 1.BGRIMM Technology Group, Beijing 100160, China
    2.School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
    3.National Center for International Joint Research on Green Metal Mining, Beijing 102628, China
  • Received:2021-05-17 Revised:2021-11-07 Online:2021-12-31 Published:2022-03-07

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Abstract:

Prediction and control of the development height of overburden fracture zone in ore-mining is the key of upward mining and water-retaining mining for sedimentary stratum series.When mining in layered strata，the process of caving zone and fractured zone of overlying strata movement tending to bending subsidence zone can be regarded as the result of the diffusion of voids in goaf from bottom to top.When the seam mining span is small，fractures in the overburden arched upward，and formed “fracture arch”. As the voids in the fracture arch continue to spread upwards，when the rock voidage in the fractured arch reaches the residual dilatancy coefficient under the action of rock pressure compound extrusion，the stress equilibrium state is formed between the mining affected area and the outer rock strata. At this time，the fracture arch no longer rise upward. Increasing the mining span of the seam will break the form of fracture arch and make the range of fracture arch to fracture zone. The highest arch height of the fracture arch the same as the height of the fracture zone. Above the height range of the fracture arch is the bending subsidence zone.Based on the theory of void conservation in this paper，the strata movement rule of overlying strata with mining void diffusion was analyzed. By analyzing the limiting geometry condition of fractured arch developing upward with mining-induced voids，while taking mining height，expansion coefficient of overburden rock，residual voidage，height of roof caving as main control factors，the fissure arch model for predicting development height of overburden fracture zone was established H1=fH,k,ε1,h. Combined with the technical condition and upward mining method of a bauxite ore under coal seams in Shanxi，the similar simulation test was carried out to study and analyze the diffusion rule of overlying rock voids.When the movement range of overburden grows to the integral sinking horizon with excavation steps，increasing the stope width leads to the development of fracture zone from arch to inverted trapezoid or saddle shape.The movement zone in the overburden gradually develops upward to the integral sinking horizon，which is characterized by bending subsidence zone.The bauxite dilatancy coefficient of alu-minum strata under coal is about 10%.Based on the height model of fracture zone in under-coal bauxite mining，the relationship among mining height，caving height and fracture zone height was analyzed.When the distance between coal and bauxite is 32.0 m and the mining height of bauxite is 3.0 m，the caving height is 4.0 m. A method for determining the mining height and caving height of under-coal bauxite ore was proposed. Through numerical simulation and “three zone theory” analysis，the effectiveness of fracture zone height prediction model based on void conservation and the feasibility of mining method for under-coal bauxite ore were proved. The prediction model proposed in this paper provides a new method and a useful reference for predicting the height of overburden fracture zone and making the control scheme of overlying rock movement.

Key words: void conservation, numerical simulation, fracture zone height, voidage, roof caving height, under-coal bauxite

CLC Number: 

  • TD325

Fig.1

Schematic diagram of rock movement structure with void diffusion in overlying rock"

Fig.2

Schematic diagram of the fractured arch section simplified to a triangular"

Fig.3

Minimum value of angle α between the collapse body boundary and horizontal plane"

Table 1

Stratum and geological conditions in the study area of bauxite under coal seams"

界系统（群）组地层代号岩性描述
古生界二叠系下统下石盒子组P1x

上部为灰黄色石英砂岩、黄绿色砂质页岩和紫红色泥岩；

下部为黄绿色石英砂岩及黄绿、灰绿色砂质泥岩

山西组P1s灰白色石英砂岩和灰色砂质泥岩，中夹煤层
石炭系上统太原组C3t

底部为厚约12 m的灰白、白色厚层中粗粒含砾砂岩、砂质粘土岩，中部夹煤层，

厚度约10 m，上部由细砂岩、黑色泥岩、炭质泥岩、砂质泥岩和煤层组成

中统本溪组C2b

二段底部为细砂岩和砂质粘土岩，向上依次为杂色粘土岩、砂质粘土岩、

薄层细砂岩和黑色泥岩，顶部局部夹1~2层不稳定的生物碎屑灰岩；

一段为山西式铁矿、铝土矿和硬质耐火粘土矿的赋存层位

奥陶系中统峰峰组O2 f泥灰岩、泥质白云岩及角砾状泥灰岩
上马家沟组O2s顶部为灰岩，中下部为泥灰岩、白云质灰岩、豹皮状灰岩和角砾状灰岩

Fig.4

Similar simulation test and schematic diagram of overburden movement range"

Fig.5

Variation of the area of overburden movement range with mining time"

Fig.6

Variation of the height of overburden movement range with mining time"

Fig.7

Variation of voidage of overburden movement range with mining time"

Fig.8

Relationship diagram of fracture zone height，mining height and roof caving height of under-coal bauxite mining"

Fig.9

Numerical model（a） and mining sequence（b） of under-coal bauxite mining"

Fig.10

Comparison of numerical calculation results of rock movement of untreated and roof caving treatment empty areas after room-pillar mining （orebody trend Y=150 section）"

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