The radical feature of resources Zijinshan Gold Mine is introduced in this paper; Technology of evaluation and exploration of Lower grade resources is narrated emphatically; Important experience of lower grade resources evaluation and exploration is based on in practice.

Environmental-friendly reagent Jinchan was used as a substitute for sodium cyanide to treat Xiajiadian gold mine,and the leaching effect of Jinchan and sodium cyanide was compared.The results showed that the leaching rate of Jinchan and sodium cyanide was 88.55% and 88.73% respectively,which was basically the same when the dosage of reagents was 200 g/t；When Jinchan dosage was 300 g/t，the leaching rate of 89.87% could be obtained，which was obviously better than the leaching effect of sodium cyanide under the optimal conditions；When using Jinchan，the adsorption and desorption effects were the same as that of sodium cyanide,with gold desorption rate of 98.99% and 98.97%, respectively；Jinchan as a substitute for sodium cyanide，could significantly improve technical and economic indicators，and moreover，in view of the non-toxicity of Jinchan，the invisible benefits of transportation，management，environmental protection and safety also would be obtained.

The south of Anhui Province is the important area of production associated gold in our coutry.It has been 110 t reserves of rock gold,240 t associated gold.There is 60％ in Tongling’s area.Yangtze river metallogentic zone is located in Anhui Province,There are 63％ reserves of associated gold in the zone.There are more than 50 associated gold deposits and some rock gold deposits that have been found.We analysis and summary further geological characteristics in this district,and discuss ore prospecting of this area.

Pyrite is one of the main Au-carriers in the Zhaishang gold deposit.The pyrite in the rock are fine and strawberry-like or coccus-like,globe-like,cube-like pyrite.The pyrite in the rock are thick and big,mineral form as cube,pyritohedron,xenomorphic granular, small veins.Pyrites of mineralization are poor in iron （Fe）=45.98%,sulfur （S）= 51.69%.S has been replaced by As，Sb,Fe has been replaced by Ni、Ag.The mode of occurrence of Au is self-existent in the pyrites.Au-carriers in the those strawberry-like，cube-like pyrite less than in those pyrites mineral form as cube,pyritohedron,xenomorphic granular,small veins.Au,As has the negative correlation characteristic feature in different pyrite.Those pyrites as overgrowth rim,in the first rim,third rim,fives rims are rich of gold, while in the core,second rim,fourth rim,and sixth rim are poor of gold,the relationship between Au and As is positive correlation.

New superlarge gold deposit is found in the northern sea of Sanshandao，Shandong Province.The hydrothermal alteration minerals of orebody mainly include muscovite，lepidolite，ilite，spodumene，epidote，kaolinite，hornblende，dolomite，calcite and smectite，as identified by short wave infrared measurement.The muscovite has close relationship with gold mineralization.Gold grade has the positive correlation with peak intensity，contrast of intensity，symmetry of peak in short wave infrared spectrum.Aluminum-poor muscovite have the indicate significance of heat center.Aluminum-poor muscovite distribute in the deep drill.With the increase of depth，there have still stable trend of aluminum-poor muscovite distribution.This shows that the depth of metallogenic heat source is deeper，indicating that the depth of gold deposit has great potential for prospecting.

Many gold deposits have been found in the western section of East Kunlun Mountains in Qinghai Province.This area is characterized by complex geological structure，frequent magmatic activity and excellent metallogenic conditions.The geology and prospecting potential of gold deposit were carried out and the metallogenic regularity of gold deposits was preliminarily summarized in this area.However，the late discovery of the deposit and inconvenient natural conditions restrict the systematic study of the genetic types of gold deposits and the establishment of the metallogenic model of the main types of gold deposits in the area，which seriously restricts the breakthrough of gold exploration.Based on the classification of gold deposits at home and abroad and the 27 gold deposits（points） discovered in the study area，this paper determines that the genetic types of gold deposits in the study area are orogenic type，contact metasomatic type，post magmatic medium and low temperature hydrothermal type and mechanical sedimentary type.Among the 27 deposits，there are 18 orogenic gold deposits，accounting for two-thirds.The estimated resource of orogenic gold deposits accounts for 51%.Therefore，orogenic gold deposits are the most important type in the western section of East Kunlun.Through the analysis of metallogenic environment，it is considered that orogenic gold deposits in the area mainly formed in the Late Triassic.Deep fault is the main ore controlling structure，while ductile shear zone，secondary brittle fault，structural fracture and interlayer fracture zone are good ore storage structures.The ore-forming materials come from the background of post collision compression strike slip，and tectonism provides the basis for the accumulation and precipitation of ore-forming materials.Through the study，the metallogenic model of gold deposit in the study area is preliminarily established.Regional metallogenic model of gold deposit manifested as：In the Triassic collision-post collision stage，the regional crust mantle interaction strongly formed the mantle crust derived granite and its related gold mineralization system.The main types of gold deposits are contact metasomatic type and post magmatic medium and low temperature hydrothermal type，which occur in the outer contact zone of the rock mass and the top of the rock mass respectively.The former is such as Haxiyatu deposit and Tawenchahanxi deposit，and the latter is such as Kude’erte deposit.At the same time，the whole region is under the condition of compressive strike slip deformation tectonic stress，and the deep and large fault activity is strong，which leads to the deep metamorphic hydrothermal solution and controls the development of ductile shear zone.The deep metamorphic hydrothermal fluid moves upward under the control of the ductile shear zone. In the process of metamorphism，the ore-forming materials dispersed in the formation rocks are activated into the metamorphic fluid and become the gold initially enriched in the ore bearing hydrothermal medium basic volcanic rocks and other rocks，forming the gold bearing metamorphic hydrothermal fluid.In the ductile brittle deformation transition zone of ductile shear zone，or its side brittle fracture，structural fracture and interlayer structural zone，due to the reduction of pressure and the temperature of gold bearing metamorphic hydrothermal solution，gold and other metallogenic elements precipitated and formed orogenic gold deposits.After the Late Paleozoic-Early Mesozoic orogeny，the region continued to develop intracontinentally （basin mountain transformation），the mountains rose strongly，and placer gold deposits were formed in Cenozoic.

Pressure leaching method，which is an effective method of pretreatment in gold ore or concentrate with sulfur and arsenic，has many advantages：shorten the process，improve leaching rate,not produce the sulfur dioxide. The main reactions of sulfide，iron and arsenic compounds in high temperature oxidation include three approaches：the full oxidation of sulfur to be sulfide or sulfate，divalent iron during the reaction to be ferric，arsenic to be arsenate. As the decreasing resources of easy ore processing，pressure leaching method has been used more and more widely in industrial applications while the research of leaching mechanism is relatively less.We reviewed the chemical reactions of arsenic，sulfur and iron in the pressure leaching process.

The pretreatment methods for gold-bearing sulfide ore mainly include roasting，biological oxidation，pressurized oxidation，acid oxidation，alkaline oxidation，etc.The alkaline oxidation process has become a research hotspot in recent years due to its many advantages，such as low requirements for equipment，simple flowsheet，environmentally friendly，low production cost and so on.The authors found that while the sulphide minerals oxidized，gold simultaneously had been dissolved mostly in the process of gold concentrate alkaline oxidation.Through the analysis and research on this phenomenon，the sulfide anions，such as S_x^2- and S₂O₃^2-，were thought to play a major role for dissolving gold.Therefore，a technical idea of synchronous gold extraction from gold-bearing sulfide ore by self-coordination of gold and sulfur.So，the author has extensively consulted relevant research materials at home and abroad.These studies have focused on oxidation and passivation of sulphide，leaching and passivation of gold，etc.，and the mechanism of gold leaching in alkaline sulfur-containing solutions were presented from different aspects，including thermodynamics analysis，electrochemical dissolution，and leaching kinetics.Research methods involves SEM，XPS，EQCM，XAFS，etc.The main conclusions drawn from these research materials are as follows：Firstly，in alkaline solutions，sulfide is easily oxidized to polysulfide and thiosulfate，which can solubilize gold.But these polysulfide ions are unstable and will eventually be oxidized to stable forms such as sulfate and sulfite in the presence of oxygen.Secondly，both gold and sulphide can be passivated in the alkaline oxidation process.Sulphide can be oxidized generate Fe（OH）₃，FeAsO₄ and other precipitates，which forms a passivating layer on the surface of sulfide minerals and gold，preventing the further oxidation decomposition of sulphide and the dissolution and leaching of gold.Passivation inhibition can be reduced or eliminated by mechanical stripping or by adding appropriate dispersants.At present，researches on gold-leaching by the alkaline oxidation of gold-bearing sulfide ores are more，and leaching system involves the NaOH-NaClO-NaCl system，NaOH-NaCN system，NaOH-Na₂S-S system，NaOH-S_x^2– system，copper-ammonium thiosulfate system，alkaline thiourea system，etc.Generally，a better gold leaching rate can be achieved in laboratory，but there are problems for industrial application，for example，dosage of lixiviants is high，gold-leaching ions is unstable，the catalyst is needed and so on.How to effectively reduce the useless consumption of lixiviants is the key to the wide application of alkaline sulfide gold leaching technology.The mechanism on dissolution and passivation of sulfide and gold in alkaline gold-leaching system were systematically summarized and analyzed.On the basis of own research the authors put forward the technical idea of self-coordination simultaneous dissolution of gold and sulfur from sulfide ore.Namely，we can directly leach gold in alkaline leaching gold system by utilizing the sulfur of gold-bearing sulfide ores，which are oxidized to generate polysulfide and thiosulfate having the ability to oxidize and coordinate for the gold.This technical idea likely is an effective way to solve before-mentioned problems for industrial application.Some data indicate that gold was enriched and precipitated out from sulfide minerals during crustal movement，instead of being transported by metamorphic pyrite.It suggests that in certain magmatic hydrothermalism conditions，sulfur and gold of sulfide ore likely had ever formed some gold-sulfur compounds.On the base of geological form causes analysis for the gold-bearing sulfide ore，the author points out that the sulfide ions are likely to be effective lixiviants to replace cyanide for the gold leaching.The author also discusses the key scientific and technological problems that need to be solved in this field，and points out that oxidizing sulfide to convert into polysulfide and thiosulfate and keeping the stability of the gold-sulfur complexes are the most important problems to be solved in this technique.

The area of Chinese permafrost accounts for about 21.5 percent of the land area，ranking third in the world，and the permafrost area at high altitude accounts for about 80.6 percent of the permafrost area in China.Under the guidance of the national grand strategy，infrastructure construction in these areas has been greatly developed these years，but at the same time，the special geographical environment of the cold region puts forward a new test for the safety，stability and durability of rock mass engineering.In order to reduce the occurrence of engineering accidents and ensure public safety，it is of great significance to figure out the connotation differences and research progress of the freeze-thaw damages of rock and rock masses.By referring to the latest research results in the field of rock and rock masses freeze-thaw damage，the differences between rock and rock masses freeze-thaw damage are clearly defined，and the research status of freeze-thaw damage of rock and rock masses is systematically summarized and sorted out from three aspects：Physical and mechanical properties，freeze-thaw damage theory，constitutive model.It is found that the freeze-thaw damage mechanisms of rock and rock masses are remarkably different due to the various internal structures，spatial scales and distributions of fractures，and the corresponding criterions for damage evaluations are also different.From the perspective of connotations，the damage of rock results from the formation of microcrack and belongs to the microscopic scope（with a scale of millimeter or less），but the damage of rock masses is mainly influenced by fractures（with a scale of centimeter or more）and falls into the macroscopic scope.The current studies related to the freeze-thaw damages primarily focus on the intact rock blocks，and few researchers investigate the rock masses containing macroscopic fractures.Rock failure is due to the combined action of the frost heaves of in-situ and migratory water，and therefore the constitutive model of rock freeze-thaw damage is mainly built in the perspective of frost heave forces and fatigue damages.In the future，the influences of factures should be pay more attention.Starting from the microscopic scales，the mechanisms of water migrations and frost heaves and the laws of interaction in microcracks and fractures under the process of freeze-thaw cycles should be analyzed by laboratory experiments.Meanwhile，the constitutive model of freeze-thaw damage of the large-scale rock masses should be built by the numerical simulation and field tests.In this way，the evaluation system of freeze-thaw damage of rock and rock masses in cold regions could be formed.

As the best carrier of gold, the existence of pyrite in gold deposits implies some metallogenic information. The crystal form , grain size, micro morphology and S/Fe of pyrite closely relate to gold metallogeny. Especially, the gold content of pyrite can be used as a true mark of gold mineralization. It is of important sign if icance for gold prospection to pay attention to those characters of pyrite.

The newly-discovered Qianhongquan gold deposit is located in the southern part of the Beishan orogenic belt，but there is a lack of accurate constraints about its metallogenic epoch.In this work，the altered sericite from the ores of this deposit was dated using ⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar.The ⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar plateau and isochron ages of the altered sericite are （250.4±1.0）Ma and （251.3±1.1）Ma，respectively，indicating the ore-forming age is Early Triassic.Previous studies have shown that magma intrusion and mineralization are closely related to the Beishan area.Beishan Mountains at Triassic belonged to a post-collisional geotecture environment.Under the action of post-collision intracontinental extension，massive granitic magma upwelled along the shear zone and provided thermal power and routes for the activation and migration of ore-forming materials，thus creating favorable conditions for large-scale metal mineral metallogenesis in this region.Qianhongquan gold deposit has similar metallogenic epoch and metallogenic geological background as those complex deposits in the southern part of the Beishan orogenic belt.Based on previous research results，it is believed that the Triassic was a period of large-scale metal deposits in Beishan area，and the post-orogenic extending stage was a favorable geotecture background for the occurrence of abundant metal minerals.These facts will constructively guide gold deposit metallogenic mechanism research and gold prospecting in Beishan Mountains，which must be highly valued by geological workers.

Refractory gold ores are the main resources of the development of golden industry for the future,A lot o f studying and developing work have been carried on for the pretreatment of refractory gold ores and subsequent cyanide gold refining in the recent 10 yeras,in which the oxidation roast,hydrometallurgy and microbio oxidation have been applied to the industry.This paper gives a brief view for the present situation and problems of refractory gold ores cyanide gold refining.

We describe the geophysical technologies and methods of china’s resources exploration briefly and consider
that the integrated application of high resolution, high precision,multi-disciplinary and multi-orientation technology will become inevitable trend of geophysical development. According to the application of geophysical methods in prospecting,we divide it into three stages of metallogenic prognosis, prospecting prediction and mass screening evaluation, different tages adopt proper method. Through the experiment study on the Jingerquan copper nickel conbalt polymetallic medium ore deposit in Hami of Xinjiang and Daijiazhuang lead zinc mine in Dangchang of Gansu,we consider that the effect of geophysical exploration methods in polymetallic prospecting prediction and evaluation is obvious.

Pyrite is the main gold-bearing mineral in Longtougou gold deposit.In this paper，the crystal morphology and chemical composition typomorphic characteristics of pyrite in Ⅰ-1 and Ⅳ-1 orebodies were studied from the perspective of minerals，and five points of insights were obtained.The research methods include optical thin section observation under microscope，electron probe，energy spectrum analysis，etc.The results show that the crystal morphology of pyrite in the study area is relatively simple，and pentagonal dodecahedron crystal morphology occupies the highest proportion.In general，the probability of pyrite crystal morphology from high to low is pentagonal dodecahedron，poly，cube and octahedron.The 1 160 m middle section of the study area is the most mineralized section，and the 1 080 m section is the secondary mineralized section，and pentagonal dodecahedral pyrite is superior to other crystal morphology in gold bearing.The w（S）is 52.71% to 67.80%，with an average of 55.79%，and the w（Fe） is 28.66% to 45.33%，with an average of 42.43% in pyrite.In general，the pyrite in this area is sulfur-rich and iron-deficient.Co/Ni values range from 1.383 to 13.333，with an average value of 2.88，w（Se） is about 4×10^-4，and S/Se ratios range from 0.76×10³ to 5.39×10³，indicating that the formation of Longtougou gold deposit is related to volcanic hydrothermal genesis.The score X of crystal morphology and D value range from 0 to -13.33 and 0.6520 to 1.1345 respectively，indicating that the ore body is basically located in the middle and lower part，that is，the engineering control section of the mineralization area is still in the middle and shallow part.There is still prospecting potential in the east of line 131 below 1 080 m middle level and Xianggou area to the west of Longtougou gold area.

The characteristic and composition of carbonaceous minerals in gold ores were reviewed. The negative action of carbonaceous minerals and pretreating processes to eliminate their influence in the gold cyanide process, as well as direct extractive technologies were summarized. The review was focused on aqueous chlorination as pretreating process and direct extraction of gold with hypochloric acid solution.

More extensive low-grade oxidized deposits of gold are dispersed over Longnan mountain regions in Gansu Prov ince.Their characteristics are zonal dist ribution,large scale and low grade.Gold can be ext racted by means of tank leaching,heap leaching and cyaniding,less capital and more quickly effective,realizing returns on an investment in just one year.The profit ratio of the capital is very high.They possess many feasible factors in the development and utilization.

According to the metallogenesis, metallogentic environment and deposit characteristics, the gold deposit in the drainage area of Honghe river(Yunnan section)can be divided into 4 types: eluvial-taulus;diluvial;alluvial2diluvial;alluvial. The metallogenesis in mainly controlled by basement rock,geomorphology, weather fault-river and hydrochemical environment. The most potential area is Yuanyang-Jimping area.

The Muruntau and the Kumtor gold deposits in the middle Asia Tian-shan.was super-large deposits of thousand ton level.The feature of Muruntau-type gold deposits was which in the carbonaceous clastic rocks.and the ore was quartz stockwork and the stringer vein.The Xinjiang Tian-shan was joined with the miner alization belt which aforementioned deposits in it.In the Xinjiang Tian-shan.the Nanati zone and the southern Tian-shan zone was the most perspective for search for mineds of the Muruntau-type gold deposits.The Saw ayartun deposits in souther Tian-shan was a Muruntau-type gold deoposits.which first finded in China.

Many different types of gold deposits are abundant in Yunnan,the main gold deposit types are as below:the metaclastic rock-type,the sedimentary rock (Carlin-type or fine clastic rock-carbonate rock-siliceous),the alkali porphritic rock-type,the intrusive rock-hosted and endo-and exocontact belt-type;red clay-type and the marine volcamic rock-type.The chiefly ore-forming belts include Mt.Ailao belt,Dali-Lijang2Ninglang belt,and Southeast area of Yunnan,LuxiRuili in the west of Nujiang River.This paper summarizes above-mentioned gold deposit types and ore-forming areas.

The 460 gold deposit is located in the Mazhongshan area of Subei County,Jiuquan City,Gansu Province，and its geotectonic position is located in the Huangshan-Hongshishan-Lujing Late Paleozoic intracontinental rift zone of the Xingxingxia-Hanshan microplate,Kazakhstan Plate.The gold mineralization in the region is jointly controlled by tectonic,magmatic rocks,stratigraphy and metamorphism.460 gold deposit is a multi-phase medium-low temperature hydrothermal deposit,the origin of hydrothermal and ore-forming materials mainly come from atmospheric precipitation and ore-bearing wall rocks，mineralogenetic epoch is middle and late variscan,with a large number of gold veins and more than 110 large veins.10 representative gold veins were selected on the basis of previous data and indoor comprehensive research.The metallogenic regularity of gold deposits was summarized,and a prediction model of geochemical primary halo was established by field observation,isotopic geochemistry,inclusions test and primary halo rock geochemical survey.The predicted results show that there may be 21 blind orebodies in the depth of 10 gold veins，the drilling proved that the mine was good.

The wet smelt system technics can distill argentine with nitric acid and distill aurum with aqua fortis in the cyanogens golden mud．But the technics will produce acid gas，it is impo~ant how to deal with the acid gas·This article introduce a way that can absorb the acid gas．And the way can reclaim the acid gas and the aurum in the acid gas，the way can make economy profits and community benefit

Thiobacillus ferrooxidans has an extraordinary impact on economy and society of industry and environment. In this view, we presented research progress on biologic characteristic, isolation, purification and mobilization, genetics and its application in order to make full use of the widely distributed strain.

In the process of fishing for concealed go ld-bearing breccia pipe in the sub volcanic complex in Qibaoshan area in Shandong Province, after detailed making tectonic-pet rogenic metallogenic texture model of the sub volcanic complex and fluid geneous-tectonic-metallogenic texture model o f the know n or e-bearing brecciapipe, pr edict ing and optimize looking for mineral deposits barn areas, we took advanced geochemistry and geophysical means to test and survey, and not only determined precise posit ion of the concealed ore-bearing brecciapipe, and still delineate and circle it s shape and size finally. This will raise prognostic precision of concealed mineral deposit,depress exploratory risk.

详细研究了河南栾川碲化物型金矿床的围岩性变类型、蚀变岩石地球化学特征、蚀变作用的发育过程及温压条件,并阐述了其与金矿化的关系。

The slurry electrolysis process is a new technology of hydrometallurgy. Now it is widely studied for treating chalcoprite(CuFeS2),galena(PbS),complex silver concentrate, bismuth ore and multi-metal sulphide etc.. Great progress has been made and three slurry  electrolysis factories have been established sequentially for treating bismuth ore, complex silver concentrate and gold concentrate. The unique advantage of its efficiency and environmental protection make slurry electrolysis process have wide application prospect. In this paper the development and the studying situation of slurry electrolysis process have been reviewed. The advantage, disadvantage anddevelopment history of the slurry electrolysis process have been introduced, and the current situation of slurry electrolysis process’mechanism research, medium research, equipment research, laboratory research and industrial application has been introduced too. And the studying orientation of slurry electrolysis process is also looked ahead.

Ganzi-Muli is a main metallogenic belt in western China.By studying it’s metallogenic geological backgrounds, characteristics of structural activities, main types of the gold deposits and ore-controlling factors, and in virtue of the statistical prediction of DPIS(Deposit Positioning Inspecting System) and comprehensive information statistics, seven oreprospecting areas, identically, four A-type prospective areas and three B-type ones among them have been lineated. Furthermore, metallogenic characteristics and prospecting direction of every areas above have been discussed.

The column introducing devolopable procedure and successful representive in production of Technique extracting gold from gold ore with cyanide was made.Each technique of cyanide were compared.I laid special stress on character of each technique of cyanide and each key factor which we should pay attention to.I bring forward devolopable direction of technique extracting gold from now.

Tanlu fault is a huge fault in eastern China.At present，there are still some key problems concerning the Tanlu fault.One is the length of Tanlu fault.The second is the horizontal slip distance and depth of the Tanlu fault.The third is the formation of Tanlu faults and its activity time.The fourth is whether it is the main controlling factor for the formation of the Jiaodong gold deposit.Based on a large number of geological，geophysical and geochemical results，combining the latest high-precision petroleum seismic exploration in Tanlu fault zone，the restoration of tectonic evolution shows that the rudimentary Tanlu fault occurred in the Mesozoic，mainly in the central orogenic belt of the southern section，and large-scale strike slips occurred in the Cenozoic （45～24 Ma）.The horizontal slip distance of the Tanlu fault is about 760 km.Tanlu fault is mainly a reconstructed fault，not the main control structure of the Jiaodong gold deposit.The primary ore-controlling structure of the Jiaodong gold deposit is a central orogenic belt.The formation and evolution of the Tanlu fault is closely related to the formation of many Mesozoic and Cenozoic pull-apart basins in eastern China.This study will provide a new idea for the study of tectonic dynamic environment and mineralization process in eastern China.

Because cyanide is poisonous，it can pollute environment by using cyanidation to deal with gold ore.Meanwhile,with the problem of poor effective in the leaching of complex gold,many scholars try to find better method to instead cyanide.The advantages of non-cyanidation gold leaching technology are non-toxic，fast leaching speed and strong adaptability for impurity,it is subjected to favour.We review the research advance and application status of non-cyanide gold leaching technology.The thiourea,thiosulfate,thiocyanate,polysulfide and calcium polysulphides,halogen and its compound and their advantages and disadvantages，are emphatically introduced.We advocate non-toxic and more effective gold leaching technology to attain the goal of efficient，environmental protection purpose and adapt to industrialization production.

Manzhanggang gold deposit in QingHai Province had discoveried 37 strips gold orebody and other lowgrades, which of M4 has exploited ten years, accumulated produced gold nearly  tentons. We discuss this area of geochemistry characteristics and prospecting, this area should prospect quartzpulsmaily in prospecting director.

湘中白马山—龙山—醴陵锑金矿带，以及白马山—龙山穹窿状花岗岩体和前泥叠未穹窿构造呈东西向“一”字彤排布．区内产于前寒武系浅变质岩未中的锑金矿床，主要
分布于穹窿构造或花岗岩体(包括毪伏岩体)的周边和上方。成矿严格受剪切断裂带控制。成矿作用是在sb、Au丰度较高的矿源层基础上进行的。区域变质和动力变质作用使矿源层中的矿质发生活化、迁移，并在扩容减压带聚集成矿·岩浆侵入的热一动力变质作用促使成矿抽质再次活化、富桌成矿最叠加成矿。属火山沉积一(热)变质熬液矿床。

Bilihe gold deposit in Inner Mongolia is located in the northern margin of the North China Craton Paleozoic accretionary zone，which is important area of Sn-Mo mineralazation area in the northern China.Intrusion related to mineralization intruded into the volcanic rocks， is the main ore-forming rock formed in the northern margin of the late Paleozoic active continental North China Craton’s edge of accretionary-collisions transition setting,composed of granodiorite （porphyry） rock（272 to 269 Ma）.The main ore bodies as consealed state lie in the granodiorite rock body and the contact zone between the granodiorite and wall rock.Ore grade from the terrane’scenter to its outer gradually depleted.Ores mainly make up of granodiorite porphyry with a large number of sheeted auriferous quartz veins，stockworks and the typical unidirectional solidifition texture（UST） in contact，and a positive correlation with the gold grade.Metal sulphide content of the ore is very low（less than 2%）.Alterations are first potassium and silicifiedand second kaolin in the intrusion，and widely illitization propylitization outer.Geochemical Character of Au±Bi±Te±W±As±Sn±Cu±W±Mo is similar to the intrusion-related gold deposits. Ore-bearing  quartz fluid is an aqueous solution containing CO2，with the native homogenization temperature of 430~550 ℃ and less than 380 ℃ and salinity of 0.88%~8.68% NaCl and 12.5%~17.5% NaCl.The study showed that the early ore-forming fluids come from the magma，and have varying degrees of precipitation with the uplift of the mineralization space and the mineralization process.Geochronology studies have shown that the molybdenite Re-Os isochron age of the granodioritic porphyry is 272.7±1.6 Ma，mineralization began in the late of the granodiorite magma.Deposit characteristics show that Bilihe gold deposit conforms to the across Eurasia global intrusion-related gold mineralization，and is a typical representative of the same type gold deposits in China.

The characteristics of ref ractory gocd ores and the principles of selecting pret reatment program are introduced.The deretopmeent and new trends of the methods of roast,pressure oxidation and bio-oxidation in recent years are nutsheu.

Based on the studies of the geometric style,assemblage and deformation characteristics of the Machaoying fault zone,we revealed that the fault has undergone at least two deformation stages:ductile thrusting and brittle faulting.The brittle fracture,which took place later than the ductile deformation,closely related to the ore genesis,gold molybdenum deposits were directly controlled by the brittle fracture of Machaoying fault.The ore veins were mainly hosted in shear zones and extensional structures.The ore-bearing hydrothermal fluids ascended along the main fault zone and the fault was regional ore-controlling structure.The varieties of secondary faults and rock micro-fractured cracks were both good ore-hosting structure.

Machangqing alkalite intrusive rock ismultiperiodic and multistage magmatic activity superimposed intrusive composite rock in west of Yunnan. The time limit of magmatic activity is 52 ～29 Ma, the earliest time began at 52Ma,mid time of it is 47～42Ma, and the latter time of it is 37～29Ma. Using ICP-MS testing the age of molybdenite Re-Os isotope of Baoxingchang porphyry copper, molybdenum deposit, get the pattern age is 34.9±0.8～36.0 ±0.5Ma, the average of it is 35.3±0.7Ma, which indicated thatmetallogenic time limit is about 35～36Ma. The result of above tallied with later granite-porphyry (29～37Ma) of Machangqing complex rock, showed thatmineralization mainly related with later magmatic invasive activity. The existing two ore occurrence shape and mineral compound form ofMachangqing copper, molybdenum polymetallic ore deposit belonged to the production of syn-mineralization; the different representation in different space of syn-mineralization, belonged to same mineralization system. Porphyry copper, molybdenum deposit of Jinshajiang-Ailaoshan mineralization beltwas the production of the syn-min-eralization, and mineralization time limit focused in 35～36Ma.

Based on the discussing of the relationship between geological structure evolution and gold mineralization of metallogenic belt in China -Mongolia border,we research the gold deposit types ，which are controlled by Variscan intrusive rocks,ductile shear zone,Variscan volcanic activity and Permian.We think preliminary that gold prospecting should focus on the Ukraine Abagaqi-Sunitezuoqi-Suniteyouqi area whose mineralization age is mainly late Paleozoic,tectonic is ductile shear zone and inter-layer slippage detach.Variscan intermediate-acid intrusive rocks volcanic and sub-volcanic are closely relationship with gold mineralization.