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Gold Science and Technology ›› 2020, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (4): 465-478.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2020.04.083

• Mineral Exploration and Resource Evaluation •     Next Articles

Distribution Characteristics of Gold Deposits in Africa and Exploration Suggestions

Sihong JIANG1(),Lili ZHANG1,Yifei LIU1,Gaofeng LI1,Genyuan JI1,2   

  1. 1.MNR Key Laboratory of Metallogeney and Mineral Assessment,Institute of Mineral Resources,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China
    2.Cores and Samples Center of Natural Resources,Langfang 065201,Hebei,China
  • Received:2020-04-30 Revised:2020-05-20 Online:2020-08-31 Published:2020-08-27

Abstract:

Africa is the most important gold producing area in the world,and one of the hot spots to attract gold exploration investment as well.Based on the systematic collection and processing of the advances of the previous research on typical gold deposits and regional metallogenesis in the African continent,the spatial and temporal distribution of gold deposits in the African continent is summarized briefly in this article,which made the achievements below.The African continent consists mainly of four ancient cratons (i.e.Kalahari Craton,West Africa Craton,Congo Craton,and Sahara Meta-Craton) and Neoproterozoic orogenic belts developed around these cratons,as well as some Mesozoic basins developed on the cratons.The gold deposits predominantly occur in the ancient craton,especially in the Kalahari Craton in southern Africa and West African Craton in north-western Africa,where are the world famous gold producing areas.A small proportion of gold deposits are distributed in the Neoproterozoic orogenic belts,such as the Nubian Shield,and other Pan-African orogenic belts.There are many types of gold deposits in African,including conglomerate,orogenic,VMS,intrusion-related,porphyry,epithermal and IOCG types,with the former two being the most important types.The ore-forming age of gold deposits in Africa is mainly concentrated in three periods,i.e.Archean,Paleoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic.The enrichment of huge-sized conglomerate-type gold deposits in the Witwatersrand Basin of South Africa may be mainly related to their paleo-sedimentary environment,i.e.the alluvial braided river plain,while the gold enrichment in West African Craton,as the most important Paleoproterozoic gold region in the world,mainly attributes to the large amount of carbonaceous in the strata.Although many world-class gold deposits have been found in the African continent,their prospecting potential remains significant,especially in the search for orogenic gold deposits,as both the ancient craton and the Neoproterozoic orogenic belt occurring around the craton are favorable tectonic environments for the formation of orogenic gold deposits.For the gold exploration in the African continent,it is suggested that not only pay much attention to the deep prospecting of discovered gold deposits,but also to searching for the semi-buried and buried deposits,especially in the shallow covered areas of West African Craton and Congo Craton.By means of advanced geophysical,geochemical and remote sensing,the breakthrough of gold prospecting is expected.

Key words: gold deposit, orogenic type, conglomerate type, distribution characteristics, exploration suggestion, Africa

CLC Number: 

  • P618.51

Fig.1

Major tectonic unites in African continent[36]"

Fig.2

Simplified geological map of the Witwatersrand Basin with goldfields distribution[11]"

Fig.3

Major gold deposits in West African Craton(modified after references[21,53])"

Table 1

Major gold deposits with Au resources larger than 100 t in West African Craton[21]"

矿床名称国家矿石量 /(×106 t)金品位 /(×10-6金资源量 /t
Tongon科特迪瓦45.402.64120.0
Ahafo加纳270.71.68454.0
Iduapreim加纳150.211.41211.6
Obuasi加纳197.345.791 143.2
Damang加纳129.62.02261.8
Tarkwa加纳345.21.31452.2
Bogoso/Prestea加纳64.83.09200.2
Wassa/HBB加纳67.61.60108.5
EGM加纳208.211.1229.2
Esaase加纳91.151.73158.0
Obotan加纳66.692.1140.5
Akyem加纳143.21.65236.4
Siguiri几内亚264.950.73194.1
Sadiola马里414.021.69700.7
Loulo马里72.964.23308.4
Gounkoto马里30.814.66143.5
Syama马里49.4252.7134.6
Massawa塞内加尔40.692.75112.1
Essakane布基纳法索180.9410.89160.3
Kiaka布基纳法索189.020.99186.9
Bomboré布基纳法索158.21.03163.6
Karma布基纳法索111.11.04115.8
Inata布基纳法索106.41.37146.3
Bissa布基纳法索140.6761.12157.6
Mana布基纳法索91.9272.28209.8
Batie West-Konkera布基纳法索59.21.76104.1
Banfora Group布基纳法索105.61.3142.3
Wona-Kona布基纳法索49.962.27113.4

Fig.4

Major gold deposits(occurrences) in Arabian-Nubian Shield(modified after reference[2])"

Fig.5

Gold deposits in Tanzanian craton(modified after references[15,22])"

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