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黄金科学技术 ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (6): 919-929.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2023.06.055

• 采选技术与矿山管理 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于效果—效率的金矿绿色矿山建设综合评价研究

杨玮1,2,3(),邓博1,2,3(),龙涛1,2,3,邓莎1,2,3,薛梦鸽1,2,3,方楠1,2,3   

  1. 1.西安建筑科技大学资源工程学院,陕西 西安 710055
    2.陕西省黄金与资源重点实验室,陕西 西安 710055
    3.西安建筑科技大学绿色选冶协同技术与装备研究所,陕西 西安 710055
  • 收稿日期:2023-04-13 修回日期:2023-07-29 出版日期:2023-12-31 发布日期:2024-01-26
  • 通讯作者: 邓博 E-mail:ywmsco@126.com;2439404696@qq.com
  • 作者简介:杨玮(1971-),男,河南灵宝人,教授,博士生导师,从事稀贵金属选冶、资源综合回收技术及矿业经济研究工作。ywmsco@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目“碲化物型金矿中碲的浸出机理研究”(52174261);陕西省重点研发计划一般项目“钼铁冶炼烟尘资源化梯级回收钼银金技术研究”(2023-YBGY-053)

Comprehensive Evaluation of Green Mine Construction of Gold Mine Based on Effect-Efficiency

Wei YANG1,2,3(),Bo DENG1,2,3(),Tao LONG1,2,3,Sha DENG1,2,3,Mengge XUE1,2,3,Nan FANG1,2,3   

  1. 1.School of Resources Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, Shaanxi, China
    2.Key Laboratory of Gold and Resources in Shaanxi Province, Xi’an 710055, Shaanxi, China
    3.Technology & Equipment Institute of Green Beneficiation-Metallurgy, Xi’an University of Architecture and Tech-nology, Xi’an 710055, Shaanxi, China
  • Received:2023-04-13 Revised:2023-07-29 Online:2023-12-31 Published:2024-01-26
  • Contact: Bo DENG E-mail:ywmsco@126.com;2439404696@qq.com

摘要:

针对绿色矿山评价存在的经济类指标和定量指标占比少、评价方法主观因素影响较大以及绿色矿山效果—效率综合评价研究缺少等问题,开展了黄金行业绿色矿山建设综合评价研究。首先,从黄金行业绿色矿山建设效果和投入产出效率2个维度构建指标体系,采用区间层次分析法(IAHP)与熵权法(EWM)相结合的方法,获取评价指标的主客观组合权重;然后,结合TOPSIS法构建效果评价模型,并利用DEA法中的BCC模型对投入产出效率评价进行分析;最后,在效果、效率测度的基础上,设计效果—效率评估矩阵,研究黄金矿山企业绿色矿山建设整体现状与发展情况,并结合实际案例分析和验证模型的适用性。结果表明:黄金矿山企业的绿色矿山建设效果和效率是一个动态变化过程,实际案例企业的绿色矿山建设整体逐渐达到“中高”及以上状态,企业之间存在差异性。研究结果可为黄金矿山企业后续发展提供科学的改进依据。

关键词: 黄金矿山企业, 绿色矿山建设, 效果—效率, 组合赋权, TOPSIS法, DEA-BCC模型

Abstract:

At present,traditional evaluations of green mine construction mostly use a direct scoring method to evaluate the effectiveness of green mine construction.This method ignores the relationship between evaluation indexes and fails to fully consider the input-output efficiency of mining enterprises.This paper selected 24 specific indicators from four aspects of resource utilization,environmental protection,enterprise society,and technological economy to build an evaluation index system for the effectiveness of green mine construction in the gold industry.In addition,the input-output efficiency evaluation index system of green mine construction in gold industry was constructed by optimizing and screening efficiency index from input-output aspect.The interval analytic hierarchy process(IAHP) and entropy weight method(EWM) were used to obtain the subjective and objective combined weights of evaluation indicators,and the TOPSIS method was combined to build the green mine construction effect evaluation model for the gold industry.The input-output efficiency evaluation of green mine construction in the gold industry was analyzed by using the BCC model of DEA method.On the basis of effect and efficiency measurement,the efficiency-effect evaluation matrix was designed to facilitate the analysis of the degree of green mine construction and the benefits of gold mining enterprises.It helps to judge whether gold mining enterprises take efficiency into account during the process of green mine construction,and the results reflect the actual overall construction situation of gold mining enterprises.Through the case analysis of ten gold mining enterprises of the same type in Shaanxi Province,the results show that the effectiveness and efficiency of the ten gold mining enterprises are fluctuating and rising.The overall construction situation is good,and the input-output efficiency is superior to the construction’s effect.Among the ten gold mining enterprises,except for M2 and M9,the green mine construction of the other mining enterprises has reached a high status.The four mining enterprises,M1,M4,M5 and M6,have given consideration to the effect and efficiency,and the other mining enterprises should pay attention to the development of both in the future construction.The index system constructed in this paper considers the characteristics of green mine construction in the gold industry,and the economic and quantitative indicators improve the accuracy of the evaluation results.The effect-efficiency evaluation model strengthens the connection between indicators,and can evaluate and analyze the overall situation of green mine construction in gold mining enterprises.It provides a scientific basis for the improvement of gold mining enterprises.

Key words: gold mining enterprises, green mine construction, effect-efficiency, combination weighting, TOPSIS method, DEA-BCC model

中图分类号: 

  • F205

表1

黄金行业绿色矿山建设效果评价指标体系"

目标层准则层指标层指标方向
黄金行业绿色矿山建设效果A资源利用B1开采贫化率C1/%-
开采回采率C2/%+
选矿回收率C3/%+
共伴生资源综合利用率C4/%+
固废利用率C5/%+
选矿废水利用率C6/%+
环境保护B2采选综合能耗C7/(kgce·t-1-
三废排放达标率C8/%+
土地复垦率C9/%+
绿化覆盖率C10/%+
噪声达标覆盖率C11/%+
三同时制度执行率C12/%+
企业社会B3企业文化建设情况C13/%+
企业管理体系完善程度C14/%+
职工体检率C15/%+
基础设施完善度C16/%+
公益事业参与度C17/%+
公众满意度C18/%+
技术经济B4生产经营管理信息化程度C19/%+
资产负债率C20/%-
研发及技改投入率C21/%+
关键生产工艺流程数控化率C22/%+
产值利税率C23/%+
专业技术人员比率C24/%+

表2

黄金行业绿色矿山建设效率评价指标体系"

目标层一级指标二级指标三级指标
黄金行业绿色矿山建设投入产出效率投入指标人力企业每年在职人数X1/人
财力科技、安全环保等总投入X2/万元
物力能耗X3/(kgce·t-1
产出指标资源开采回采率Y1/%
选矿回收率Y2/%
环境三废排放达标率Y3/%
绿化覆盖率Y4/%
社会公众满意度Y5/%
经济利润总额Y6/万元
年生产能力Y7/万t

图1

黄金矿山企业绿色矿山建设综合评价流程"

表3

基于效果的黄金矿山企业绿色矿山建设分级标准"

级别级别描述贴近度C
I[0,0.2)
较差[0.2,0.4)
中等[0.4,0.6)
良好[0.6,0.8)
优秀[0.8,1.0)

表4

基于投入产出效率的黄金矿山企业分类标准"

级别级别描述综合效率OE(θ
I[0,0.25)
较差[0.25,0.5)
中等[0.5,0.75)
良好[0.75,1)
优秀≥1.0

图2

黄金矿山企业绿色矿山建设效果—效率评估矩阵"

表5

A-B区间判断矩阵"

AB1B2B3B4
B11,11/3,1/21,22,3
B22,31,12,32,4
B31/2,11/3,1/21,11,2
B41/3,1/21/4,1/21/2,11,1

表6

指标一致性检验结果"

矩阵km一致性检验结果
A-B0.90811.0824通过
B1-C0.85931.1304通过
B2-C0.84931.1477通过
B3-C0.84121.1158通过
B4-C0.85211.1211通过

表7

准则层和指标层权重值"

准则层主观权重客观权重组合权重指标层主观权重客观权重组合权重总排序
B10.29200.23200.2722C10.06520.03160.04836
C20.07110.05470.06631
C30.05350.03750.04777
C40.02430.04430.034918
C50.03850.02890.035517
C60.03940.03500.039512
B20.37500.18400.2701C70.03130.03690.036215
C80.05140.02240.036116
C90.06680.02990.04758
C100.05210.04480.05145
C110.09380.03000.05644
C120.07970.02010.042610
B30.12500.25610.1876C130.02050.03990.030420
C140.01040.04860.023924
C150.01830.04270.029821
C160.03130.05130.04269
C170.02440.04070.033519
C180.02010.03290.027323
B40.20800.32780.2701C190.05180.06120.05993
C200.01730.07040.037114
C210.04530.07980.06402
C220.03200.04110.038613
C230.03290.02320.029422
C240.02870.05210.041111

表8

2017—2021年陕西省10家黄金矿山绿色矿山建设效果评价结果"

黄金矿山企业编号201720182019202020215年平均值
平均值0.7250.7410.7560.7810.7900.759
M10.7360.7560.7730.8010.8020.774
M20.7150.7240.7330.7540.7580.737
M30.7330.7430.7580.8030.8070.769
M40.7580.7640.7740.8010.8050.780
M50.7710.7840.7750.8020.8040.787
M60.7220.7470.7730.7900.8080.768
M70.7230.7380.7590.7840.8000.761
M80.6980.7110.7330.7490.7640.731
M90.6920.7170.7380.7650.7800.738
M100.7050.7280.7460.7650.7720.743

表9

陕西省10家黄金矿山企业绿色矿山建设投入产出效率评价结果(2021年)"

黄金矿山

企业编号

技术效率规模效率综合效率规模报酬情况
平均值0.9780.9900.968-
M11.0001.0001.000固定
M21.0000.9470.947递减
M31.0000.9780.978递减
M41.0001.0001.000固定
M51.0001.0001.000固定
M61.0001.0001.000固定
M70.8930.9750.871递减
M81.0001.0001.000固定
M90.8851.0000.885递增
M101.0001.0001.000固定

图3

2017—2021年陕西省10家黄金矿山绿色矿山建设投入产出效率分布"

图4

2017—2021年陕西省10家黄金矿山绿色矿山建设效果—效率分布"

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