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黄金科学技术 ›› 2020, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (2): 169-175.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2020.02.132

• 绿色矿山专栏 • 上一篇    

金属矿绿色开采评价方法探讨

赵国彦1(),邱菊1,赵源1,裴佃飞2,李洋1,吴攀1   

  1. 1.中南大学资源与安全工程学院,湖南 长沙 410083
    2.山东黄金集团有限公司,山东 济南 250014
  • 收稿日期:2019-07-15 修回日期:2019-11-28 出版日期:2020-04-30 发布日期:2020-05-07
  • 作者简介:赵国彦(1963-),男,湖南沅江人,教授,博士生导师,从事采矿与岩石力学研究工作。gy.zhao@263.net
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目“深部金属矿绿色开采技术集成与示范”(2018YFC0604606)

Discussion on Evaluation Method of Green Mining in Metal Mines

Guoyan ZHAO1(),Ju QIU1,Yuan ZHAO1,Dianfei PEI2,Yang LI1,Pan WU1   

  1. 1.School of Resources and Safety Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410083,Hunan,China
    2.Shandong Gold Group Co. ,Ltd,Jinan 250014,Shandong,China
  • Received:2019-07-15 Revised:2019-11-28 Online:2020-04-30 Published:2020-05-07

摘要:

绿色开采是实现矿山可持续发展的重要措施,如何科学有效地评价金属矿绿色开采的水平,是当前需要解决的重要问题。为了找到合理适用的金属矿绿色开采评价方法,首先详细阐述了当前煤矿和金属矿等所使用的绿色开采评价方法及其适用情况,通过对比分析,得到5种适用于金属矿绿色开采评价的方法,分别是模糊综合评价法、可拓优度法、TOPSIS法、因子分析法和物元分析法;然后运用专家访谈法和灰色关联法,对以上5种评价方法进行了优先度排序。研究结果表明:TOPSIS法最适用于金属矿绿色开采评价,可以为今后的研究提供借鉴,能够为政府和企业提供管理建议。

关键词: 金属矿, 绿色开采, 权重, 评价方法, TOPSIS法, 灰色关联

Abstract:

The development of resources has caused various environmental problems.The implementation of green mining is an effective way to solve the contradiction between economic growth and environmental crisis.In order to avoid the damage to the ecological environment in the process of mineral resources development,the green mining method are adopted in many mines to achieve the purpose of sustainable development.At present,the green mining of domestic mines is still in its infancy.How to evaluate the level of green mining of metal mines scientifically and effectively and determine the evaluation method of green mining is an important problem to be solved at present.The purpose of this paper is to find a reasonable and suitable method for evaluating the green mining of metal mine.Determining the weight of each evaluation index is an essential step in the process of green mining evaluation.First of all,the relevant literature was summarized.The advantages and disadvantages of the commonly used objective weighting,subjective weighting and combination weighting methods were analyzed.Among these weighting methods,the combination weighting method can not only objectively reflect the importance of each index,but also reflect the decision-maker’s subjective desire,and improve the scientific decision-making,which is recommended to use this weighting method in later research.Secondly,according to the existing research results and the characteristics of metal mining,the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method,extension optimization method,TOPSIS method,factor analysis method,matter-element analysis method and other evaluation methods suitable for green mining of metal mines were summarized.The applicability,evaluation steps,advantages and disadvantages were elaborated in detail.Researchers can choose different evaluation methods according to specific evaluation objects and characteristics.In order to determine the most suitable evaluation method,the above five evaluation methods were prioritized by using expert interview method and grey correlation method.The results show that TOPSIS method has the advantages of no strict requirements for indicators,flexible application,simple mathematical calculation andquantitative objective.Compared with other four methods,TOPSIS method has the highest priority that is the most suitable for green mining evaluation of metal mines.The research results of this paper can provide reference for future research and management suggestions for the government and enterprises.

Key words: metal mine, green mining, weight, evaluation method, TOPSIS method, grey correlation

中图分类号: 

  • TD85

表1

赋权方法优缺点对比"

赋权方法客观度计算复杂度优点缺点
熵权法客观较为复杂客观性强,较为精确,融合性强,可以与其他权重确定方法一起使用计算较为复杂,遇到因素多、结构复杂的问题时适用性差,结果不准确
变异系数法客观较为简单赋权结果具有很强的可区分度没有考虑各赋权指标对于其紧邻的上级指标的重要程度,可论证性较差
主成分分析法客观较为简单可以消除指标相互之间的影响,能利用计算机实现,减少计算的工作量最后提取出的主成分必须有实际意义且有较高累计贡献率,对成分命名的清晰度较低
层次分析法主观较为复杂可以将复杂的系统分解为具有层次的单目标问题,确定权重时需要的信息较少当评价因素较多时,很难满足一致性要求,使得计算量很大
G1法主观较为简单与层次分析法相比,不需要一致性检验,计算简化了很多,且评价因素较多时,计算量少且简便主观性较强,结果不够精确
超标倍数法主观简单根据其作用的大小分别赋予不同的权重,体现了超标因子的作用主观性较强
组合赋权法兼顾主客观较为复杂既能反映各指标的重要程度,又能反映决策者的主观愿望,提高了评价的科学性需要先计算客观权重和主观权重,计算复杂

表2

评价方法优缺点对比"

评价方法客观度计算复杂度优点缺点
模糊综合评价法偏向主观较为复杂能够考虑到多种因素不能体现出评价指标对2个不同等级绩效水平之间的差异,计算复杂
可拓优度法客观一般适用于任何评价体系,评价过程无需人工干预;很好地考虑了系统量变和质变的过程指标权重的确定主观性较强
TOPSIS法客观较为简单对指标无严格要求,应用灵活,数学计算较简单,结果量化客观求规范决策矩阵时比较复杂,不易求出正、负理想解
因子分析法客观较为简单可以对数据进行简化,解释性好,命名清晰性高在因子得分计算时,采用的是最小二乘法,此法有时会失效
物元分析法客观一般减少了较少定量指标量化的计算工作量确定“元”较为困难

表3

专家打分结果"

评价方法专家序号及分值
123456789
模糊综合评价法578475567
可拓优度法545346646
TOPSIS法584758567
因子分析法746467876
物元分析法823446457
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