The special geotectonic location of Baoshan block makes it undergo a series of Tethys evolutionary activities with frequent regional tectonic-magmatic activities.Granite is developed from Paleozoic to Cenozoic.In addition，a large number of basic intrusive rocks occurring as dikes and dikes are also developed in the region.Previous research and analysis of granite in the region is relatively systematic，but the study and analysis of basic rocks in the region，especially basic dikes commonly developed in typical polymetallic ore areas in the ore concentration area，is relatively weak.Previous studies and analyses only the chronology of diabase and its relationship with mineralization in the Hetaoping lead-zinc polymetallic ore area.The study and analysis of the petrogenesis of basic rocks is almost blank.Therefore，the diabase porphyrite in typical boreholes of Heiniu’ao gold deposit has been systematically analyzed in terms of petrochemical characteristics and zircon U-Pb dating in LA-ICP-MS in situ.The main elements of Heiniu’ao diabase porphyry are characterized by low SiO2，low TiO2，high Al2O3，low MgO，high FeOT and low K2O，belonging to the shoshonite series.Trace and rare earth elements are characterized by enrichment of light rare earth elements （LREE） and large ion lithophile elements （LILE） and depletion of high field strength elements（HFSE），suggesting that their source areas are lithospheric mantle.The content of Cr and Ni in the rocks is obviously lower than that in the original basalt magma，indicating that the magma may have undergone the crystallization separation of olivine and pyroxene.The obvious negative anomalies of Nb and Ta suggest that they were contaminated by crustal materials during the process of magma emplacement.The tectonic environment is consistent with the tectonic background of Jinchanghe diabase and Hetaoping diabase，which are intraplate extensional environments.The diagenetic age of the diabase porphyrite obtained in the mining area is （212.0±4.9） Ma，which is similar to the diagenetic age of the Hetaoping diabase obtained by predecessors （195.0±5.3） Ma，and that of the Jinchanghe diabase （217.3±5.8） Ma are all Late Triassic.It shows that the basic dikes in the area are the products of the Triassic magmatic activities.The closure of the Triassic Paleo-Tethyan Ocean resulted in the collision between Baoshan and Simao blocks，which resulted in extensional activities in Baoshan block.The basalt magma originating from the mantle emplaced upward along the weak tectonic zone to form diabase porphyrite of this time limit，and experienced crystallization differentiation and crustal contamination during the process of magma emplacement.
Dayu gold deposit is located in the Gupao metallogenic zone of the Dayaoshan metallogenic belt in Guangxi Province.The structural unit belongs to the Guizhong-Guidong platform depression，east part of Dayaoshan uplift，south part of Gupao compound syncline，where is favorable for mineralization.However，the prospecting work in this area has been restricted by the insufficient understanding of metallogenic regularity.In this paper，we studied the Dayu deposit as a typical deposit in the metallogenic belt.Based on the detailed analysis of the geological characteristics of the gold deposit，combined with the drilling data and the microscopic characteristics of the ore，the ore-controlling factors and metallogenic regularities of the gold mineralization in this area were analyzed.The main ore-controlling structures in this area are NEE-trending faults，F1 and F2，and the ore-bearing wall rocks are the Cambrian Xiaoneichong Formation and Huangdongkou Formation，which are mainly composed of shallow metamorphic carbonaceous fine clastic rocks.Wall rock alteration mainly includes silicification and pyritization or sericitization-pyritization-silicification combination alteration.It is suggested that the future gold prospecting works in this area should combine geophysical and geochemical exploration work，and it is necessary to pay attention to silicification，pyritization，sericite，hydromica，chlorite and other wall rock alteration that closely related to gold mineralization.It is proposed to carry out prospecting work at NE-NEE trending faults and its restricted areas as well as intersecting parts.
Jiaodong area is the largest gold-producing area in China，and its gold prospecting has been receiving great attention.Among them，Qixia-Daliuxing area is located in the Qixia-Penglai gold ore metallogenic belt in central Jiaodong，which is an important gold metallogenic area in Jiaodong.Based on the basic geological data，research degree and geological conditions in this area，this paper conducts prediction and evaluation of mineral resources.The gold resources in Qixia-Daliuxing area were predicted by the integrated information mineralization series prediction method.Compared with other methods，this method can make full use of relevant geological data，and has a targeted extraction of geological information.At the same time，it has a stronger ability to comprehensively use computers for calculations，and can carry out more three-dimensional research.Therefore，it’s better to guide the prospection in this area.In this work，the formation mechanism，metallogenic regularity，ore-controlling conditions and prospecting indicators of the gold deposits in Daliuxing-Qixia area were summarized through in-depth analysis of a large amount of data obtained，combined with typical deposit research.Comprehensive geological，geophysical and geochemical information was used to guide the prediction of mineralization in the area and the prediction of deep and edge mineralization of known deposits.We analyzed the gold ore metallogenic model and regional metallogenic model by research of typical ore deposits.Based on the metallogenic factors in the Daliuxing-Qixia area，combined with regional metallogenic regularities，ore-controlling conditions，metallogenic geological conditions and types of deposit genesis，the geological forecasting factors were divided and the prediction model was established to further accurately predict the resource potential of the ore-exploring target area.The qualitative prediction，quantitative prediction and extrapolation estimation of the gold resources in the study area were carried out by using feature analysis method，comprehensive geological information method and limited extrapolation of known borehole data.The study area is divided into 4 orefield-level gold deposit metallogenic prediction areas and 27 minimum prediction units，and the qualitative prediction is mainly based on the feature analysis method.There are 8 A-level areas，12 B-level areas，5 C-level areas and 2 D-level areas.The geological body volume method was used to predict the resource amount.A total of 27 prospecting target areas are delineated in the study area.The predicted amount of gold metal(334?) was 2 810 380 kg，including the identified gold resource reserves of 3 106 321 kg and unidentified forecast gold metal quantity (334?) of 24 140 510 kg.
The instability of the goaf poses serious threat to mine safety，and its stability is affected by many uncertain factors.Therefore，it is very important to evaluate the stability of the goaf.Many factors affect the result in the evaluation process，for instance，many ambiguity and randomness information exist in the evaluation of the goaf stability，the evaluation index interval normally distributed，dynamic combination of different evaluation index affect the weight values，and the inconsistency of the indicator level.In order to solve these problems，a two-dimensional evaluation model of goaf stability based on variable-weighted cloud was established.On the basis of comprehensive consider the actual situation of the goaf and related research results，the stability evaluation system and grading standards of the goaf were established.The digital characteristics of the contact cloud of each evaluation index belonging to different levels were calculated respectively，and then the contact cloud maps were generated by using the contact cloud generator and Rstudio software.Substituting the measured values of the sample indicators into the contact cloud model to calculate the degree of certainty of the contact cloud.After that，the subjective weight and objective weight were calculated by using the analytic hierarchy process and the entropy weight method respectively.Considering the advantages and disadvantages of the subjective and objective weighting methods，the game theory was used to fuse these two empowerment methods to obtain the optimized comprehensive weight.Considering that comprehensive weights calculated by game theory were constant weight，which could not reflect the influence of the index value on the weight，the variable weight theory was used to change the weight to obtain the variable weight，so as to better display the effect of dynamic change of the index value on evaluation result.The comprehensive determination degree of the goaf was then obtained by calculating the certainty degree of measured index value belongs to each contact level cloud and the final variable weight.After that，the stability level of the gob was determined according to the principle of maximum membership degree.In order to solve the problem of inconsistent index level attribution，fuzzy entropy was introduced as the second dimension evaluation auxiliary parameter to characterize the stability complexity of the goaf.The model was applied to engineering practice and compared with traditional cloud model and matter-element extension model，the evaluation results are basically the same.The results show that the stability evaluation model of the goaf is scientific and reasonable，and it provides a new idea for the stability evaluation of goaf and the stability evaluation of similar projects.
The reasonable selection of stope structural parameters is a key process in mining design,which has an important influence on stope stability，blasting drilling depth，explosive consumption，mining efficiency and stress state of surrounding rock.Reasonable stope structural parameters are conducive to improve the stress conditions during route mining，reduce the stress and strain values of surrounding rock around the stope， reduce the support workload and improve the mining efficiency under the condition of ensuring safe mining.Based on the lean ore resources mining in the Xiyi mining area of Longshou Mine，Jinchuan Group，we use bionic principle to design the mining route with honeycomb hexagonal structure，so as to improve the surrounding rock stress conditions，improve the stope stability and effectively control the crustalstress.Xiyi mining area is located between 17 and 34 rows in the west mining area of Longshou Mine，Jinchuan Group，and between level of 1 220 m and 1 520 m.Adopt the general hexagonal section mining method for mining，with the section specification of 4 m*6 m*5 m （top and bottom width * waist width* height） practice has proved that，the adaptability of the section specification and borehole layout to the broken ore body in Xiyi lean mine is poor.Aiming at the problems of low drilling depth rate，irregular cross-section outline，low mechanization degree and high explosive consumption in the process of general hexagonal approach mining in Xiyi lean mining area of Longshou Mine，this study adopted empirical analogy method and proposed a hexagonal approach mining method with large cross-section size of 4 m*8 m*8 m （top and bottom width*waist width*height）.Based on FLAC3D software，the excavation and filling process of the test roadway were simulated numerically and analyzed.The maximum principal stress appears in the top plate of the route，the minimum principal stress lies in the bottom plate and the lower side of the route，and the stress concentration phenomenon appears in the upper part between the two access roads.And then field tests were carried out according to the designed mining technology to study the feasibility of the large cross-section hexagonal roadway mining method in the Xiyi lean mining area of Longshou Mine.Research indicates：Comparing ordinary hexagonal mining method，when the large cross-section hexagonal approach is adopted to mine the resources of Xiyi lean ore mining area，the stope roof and floor，and side rock are under better stress conditions，the roof and floor deformation is small，and there is no connection between the two approaches. In the lower inverted trapezoid mining，the step blasting driving method is adopted，which increases the free surface in the vertical direction and reduces the rock clamping effect during blasting.The average footage increased from 2.4 m to 3.2 m，increase by 33.3%.The explosive unit consumption is reduced from 0.2 kg/t to 0.15 kg/t，and the explosive consumption is reduced by 25%.Due to the reasonable arrangement of blastholes and the design of initiation sequence，the explosive energy is released in turn during blasting，and the damage of blasting vibration to the side wall and bottom plate is less.This improves contour integrity，maximum over-excavation reduced by 97 cm，maximum under-excavation reduced by 10 cm.At the same time，it is also conducive to the formation of the next layered hexagonal route. Due to the large working space of large section hexagonal drift mining method，Boomer double arm drilling jumbo is designed to drill，which greatly improves the drilling efficiency and safety.And rock drilling efficiency increased from 1.25 m/min to 2.10 m/min. It proves the feasibility of the large-section hexagonal approach in the mining process of the Xiyi lean mining area of Longshou Mine，and realize the requirements for safety and efficiency in the mining process.
Underground mining will inevitably change the stress state of the original rock and stress equilibrium state of overlying strata.The overlying strata move and deform during this process until a new stress balance is reached.During this process，the overlying rock layer moves and deforms，and passes upward to cause deformation of the ground surface.Because the ore bodies are mostly inclined，the movement rules of the surface and deep rock bodies caused by underground mining of metal mines are often different from those of sedimentary strata mines such as coal mines.In addition，fault activation often occurs under the action of excavation，leading to discontinuous and uncoordinated deformation of the surface and rock strata.Rock deformation，shaft deformation and fault activation caused by mining of inclined orebody have posed a serious threat to mine engineering.Many researchers have done a lot of research including theory，experiments and numerical simulations.In order to study the deformation and failure rules of vertical shaft under the mining of inclined ore body and fault activation，a physical simulation method for small models of soft materials was introduced.This method overcame many shortcomings of traditional physical simulation methods and had the advantages of simple operation and recycled.It could reflect the influence of self-weight stress on the physical and mechanical properties of materials in the molding process.This method was then used to carry out excavation experiments on models with different inclination angles of ore bodies and faults and good experimental results were finally obtained.The experimental results show that the location and settlement value of the settlement center change with the inclined angle of the ore body under the action of self-weight stress.The shaft is affected in a different way by mining because of varied angle of ore body.The vertical displacement of the shaft may be the result of overlying strata movement in goaf.It may also be due to the superposition of the overburden`s movement and the mining operation below.It depends on relative position of shaft and goaf.The hidden fault above the excavation area has the function of shielding vertical displacement to a certain extent when the dip angle is extremely low.The fault activation become stronger when the fault dip is close to 45° and it has a greater impact on surface deformation.The shaft is also subjected to greater squeezing and shearing action.These results have a valuable reference for mining design and site selection of shaft.
With the mining activities going deep into the ground，the temperature environment of mining is worse because of the increase of rock temperature and air self compression heat.High temperature environment has seriously affected the development of underground mining.Air ventilation alone is not enough to remove the heat produced by surrounding rock，mining equipment and blasting.In order to reduce the temperature of driving tunnel，it is necessary to redesign the ventilation mode of mine.In this paper，the numerical simulation of the effect of adding auxiliary ventilation facilities on mine ventilation cooling was carried out.Through the establishment of numerical model，the paper set up whether there are auxiliary ventilation facilities，different length of auxiliary ventilation facilities，different distance between auxiliary ventilation facilities and the wall. After optimizing the parameters of auxiliary ventilation facilities，the paper set up conditions such as different inlet wind speed to analyze the cooling condition of driving tunnel.Through the analysis of the air velocity in the driving tunnel，we can preliminarily judge whether the air flow of the air inlet is well into the vicinity of the driving face.Through the temperature distribution of the tunnel section and the average temperature change curve of the cross section of the driving tunnel，we can directly reflect the change of the temperature of the driving tunnel.The results show that in the tunnel without auxiliary ventilation facilities，the air-conditioning flow seldom enters into the driving tunnel.By increasing the air speed of the air inlet alone，the cold air flow can’t flow into the working face more，and increasing the air speed can’t obtain significant cooling effect.By adding auxiliary ventilation facilities，the air-conditioning flow under the guidance of auxiliary ventilation facilities flows into the driving face more.The effect of ventilation and cooling is obviously improved.In the case of adding auxiliary ventilation facilities，with the increase of the length of auxiliary ventilation facilities，the cooling effect of driving roadway is getting better and better at first， but when the length of auxiliary ventilation facilities increases to a certain extent，the cooling effect of ventilation begins to decline.Increasing the distance between auxiliary ventilation facilities and walls can significantly improve the cooling effect of ventilation.In the case of the length of auxiliary ventilation facilities and auxiliary ventilation facilities and walls when the distance between the walls is fixed，the cooling effect can be improved by increasing the inlet air speed，but the cooling effect is not obvious with the increase of the air speed.The research results are helpful to give full play to the role of auxiliary ventilation facilities，effectively reduce the high temperature in the driving tunnel，and have certain reference significance for the ventilation and cooling design of the mine.
With the rapid development of economy and society，the demand for mineral resources is increasing，and the mining intensity is increasing.However，as time goes by，a large number of goafs has been left，which easily lead to deformation of pillars and collapse of the roof.The accident seriously affected the safe production of the mine.In order to systematically study the problems and solutions of underground mine goafs in metal mines，a comprehensive review of the detection technology，stability evaluation technology，treatment technology and monitoring technology of underground goafs was carried out，and the research status and shortcomings of the key technologies of goafs were expounded.It is pointed out that based on the intelligent comprehensive detection of goaf，through the modern scientific stability analysis methods such as intelligent algorithm and engineering reliability，combined with the actual situation of mine geology and mining technology，strengthening the information and intelligent monitoring of goaf is an effective measure for goaf governance at this stage.At the same time，the key research directions in the future were proposed：（1）Based on big data，with artificial intelligence algorithm as the core and reliability as the guarantee，analyze and study the problems of goaf comprehensively，objectively and accurately；（2） Study on the control method of roof and surrounding rock stability under deep multi-media and multi-field coupling；（3）Build a non-linear goaf stability analysis model，strengthen the research on online monitoring and early warning methods of goaf stability，and realize the dynamic simulation of goaf monitoring data and online analysis control platform； （4） Introduce the theory of disaster chain，construct the theoretical model of chain effect of goaf，implement the disaster reduction by breaking the chain at the source，and put forward the corresponding and reliable management technology of goaf；（5）Formulate corresponding specifications or general technical standards to provide guidance for goaf treatment.
With the development of mining technology，the development of mineral resources in China is progressing steadily.Nowadays，the mining trend is green mining mode with environmental protection and high safety.However，many mining methods are faced with serious pollution and low recovery rate.Leaching mining is a kind of mining method which combines mining，sorting and hydrometallurgy.In order to explore how to improve the leaching rate during the leaching process,in this paper,the leaching process of antimonial sulfide ore was taken as an example to analysis the main factors that influence the leaching rate.The BP neural network prediction model was established and optimized by the particle swarm algorithm,so it can conduct the variable training with existing sample data.Finally, the BP neural network model, the PSO - BP neural network model were used to predict leaching rate, respectively，and compared to two kinds of model error precision of the predicted values and actual values.The research results show that the impact containing antimony sulfide ore leaching rate of interaction between these factors and nonlinear relationship and leaching rate is more by 40 groups will affect the relationship between parameters and the leaching rate of leaching rate of data through the neural network training model to predict the 8 groups of leaching rate data，compare the leaching rate of output value and the actual values can be found using the particle swarm algorithm to optimize BP neural network model training accuracy is higher，the more accurate predictions for leaching rate，the prediction data set of normalized linear curve slope is more close to 1.Through further error analysis，it can be seen that compared with BP neural network，the relative errors and variances of the predicted results of the model optimized by particle swarm optimization algorithm and the actual values are significantly reduced.Therefore，this prediction model has certain reference value for the optimization of leaching rate in the current leaching mining area.
Miles of pipelines are needed for the slurry transporting form the filling slurry preparation station to the goaf （filling stop） underground.Restricted by the spatial condition of orebody，slurry pipeline is usually connected by several vertical and horizontal sections，once the horizontal distance between the goaf to station is far from each other，the problem which called larger fill-times-line pipe transport（LFTLT） system is made.It is difficult to transport high density filling slurry by a LFTLT，therefore，many mines have to choose a lower density slurry instead therefore causing poor filling quality.So，how to transport high density filling slurry at a low cost is an important subject.Pumping slurry is usually used for LFTLT，such as supplying energy of paste slurry through plunger pump.However，the direct problem of power-transmission is high energy consumption and high cost.For many large-scale metal mines，such as iron ore and copper ore mines，filling materials consume a lot and transportation needs is large.Pumping filling is often high cost，thus restricts its extensive using in the transport process.How to optimize the slurry transport system to make true low cost，high efficiency and safety using is particularly important and also has important practical significance.The flow characteristics of high concentration filling slurry in pipeline can be expressed by Bingham flow pattern mathematically，it’s a linear non-newtonian fluid which means the fluid will flow only when the shear stress exceeds the initial shear stress，and the viscosity coefficient of the fluid is a constant.Because this flow pattern is simple in equation form and convenient in calculation and analysis，a large number of research practices has been done and show that this flow pattern is more in line with the total tailings cemented filling slurry with a concentration of more than 65%.In this flow pattern，scholars have made fruitful achievements in tailing slurry transport，providing beneficial exploration for energy saving and efficiency increasing in this field，also achieved good results.On the basis of predecessors，this study work on optimization of self-flowing pipeline system which be used for tailings slurry concentration beyond 68%，and belongs to the LFTLT system.The main research method is using of the Buckingham equation of Bingham fluid （B-H），combining with the actual situation that low filling density and large fill-times-line in MTS section of Anqing copper mine.Pipeline optimization is also carried out in this paper，after that，the technical reconstruction has been taken，as a result，it is shown that the transportability has been obviously improved，the goal of increasing filling density by 2% has been achieved，which obviously created a comprehensive benefit.
In order to explore the feasibility of citric acid Immersing pre-treated phosphogypsum as the cemented paste backfill material,the phosphogypsum was pretreated with citric acid aqueous solution with a mass concentration of 4%. The treated phosphogypsum and the untreated phosphogypsum were respectively prepared into cemented backfill test pieces having a mass concentration of 62% and 64% and a lime-sand ratio of 1∶7，1∶9 and 1∶11. The samples under standard curing conditions were subjected to shear rheology tests，uniaxial compressive strength（UCS） tests at 7 d，14 d，and 28 d，and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）tests. The experimental results show that the uniaxial compressive strength of the pre-treated phosphogypsum filling body is significantly higher than that of the untreated phosphogypsum filling body，and the main strength formation period is 0~7 d. At the same time，the pretreatment of phosphogypsum can reduce the yield stress of the slurry. The SEM results show that the microstructure of the pretreated phosphogypsum filling body is more than that of the untreated phosphogypsum，and the microstructure is more compact. Based on the above research，the use of citric acid leaching to pretreat phosphogypsum in practical industrial applications can greatly reduce the amount of cementitious materials，and improve the slurry transport performance and thus significantly reduce the filling cost，but specific industrial applications need further exploration.
Because the working environment of underground LHD（load-haul-and-dump-machine）is very bad，and with the increase of mining depth in underground mines，the realization of underground unmanned LHD is of great significance for ensuring the safety and health of workers and improving the production efficiency of mining enterprises.Navigation and positioning of LHD is one of the difficulties in the research of unmanned LHD.At present，the navigation technology of underground LHD mainly includes plan-based metric navigation and reactive navigation.The reactive navigation technology has the advantages of low cost and low computation.The former reactive navigation technology mainly relies on adding beacons manually，it has the shortcomings of high cost and poor adaptability.The roadway edge is an important natural beacon perception information，which has natural advantages compared with the artificial beacon.Foreign scholars had applied it to the reactive navigation system of underground LHD and achieved good navigation effect.However，they only did the research on the detection of the roadway edge in the straight roadway，no further discussion on the detection of roadway edge in more complex underground environments.Therefore，a more applicable roadway edge detection algorithm is proposed in this paper.This method is based on two-dimensional laser scanning information and random sampling consistency (RANSAC).The flow chart of the algorithm is as follows：Firstly，the curvature of each laser point in the laser point cloud is calculated，according to the curvature threshold，the laser point cloud data are divided into several regions.RANSAC algorithm is used to extract the roadway edges from each region.Then，the roadway edges are filtered according to the heading angle of the LHD and the design criteria of the roadway.Lastly，the laser point cloud data contained in the remaining roadway edges is merged，and the final roadway edges is generated by RANSAC algorithm again.This article simulated the laser data of six underground mine roadway scenarios，and these six sets of data included typical scenes from simple to complex in underground mine.The experiment was based on MATLAB，and the experimental results were analyzed from the aspects of parallelism，proportion of interior points，fit degree with heading angle，visual display and so on.The calculated results show that the reliability of the extracted roadway edges is more than 96%，and the visual results are in line with the actual situation.This method can detect roadway edge in various scenarios of underground mines，and has high robustness，the roadway edge detection algorithm can play an important technical support role in the reactive navigation of underground LHD，and is of great significance to the realization of the unmanned underground LHD.
The large deformation rock bolt overcomes the small deformation failure behavior of the traditional bolt，and can effectively solve the support and disaster prevention problems of the weak surrounding rock，the deep buried rheological rock and the rockburst area.It is a hot research topic in deep engineering technology. In order to summarize the research and development status of large deformation rock bolts in China，discuss the bottleneck problems faced by current research and development，grasp the possible trends of future development，and summarize the development process of large deformation rock bolts at China and abroad，the existing 50 typical designs in China were summarized and analyzed.The scheme proposed a type division suggestion based on the action mechanism； five typical schemes of different types were selected to further analyze the advantages and disadvantages of each type of large deformation rock bolts； on this basis，the main problems of the prior art scheme were discussed.Based on this，some understandings on future research and development trends were proposed.The research indicates that the large deformation bolts in China can be divided into 3 types，these are structural type，material intrinsic type and other type.Among them，the main feature of the structural type is that it contains a certain structure，which provides support resistance through sliding of the structure and coordinated deformation of the rock mass.The amount of deformation of the structure is the amount of stretching of the rock bolts. Such rock bolts can be subdivided into three sub-classes of friction type，shear type and piston type； the material type is to optimize the deformation characteristics of the material of the bolt by using the preferred anchor material or designing a certain structure.The yield strength and yield deformation are the support and ultimate deformation of the bolt； the structural type is the main solution in China，further optimizing the structure，optimizing the bolt material，improving the manufacturing process，and ensuring the product quality stability.For the research of material intrinsic bolt, it is important to focus on the development and application of new rod materials, such as negative Poisson’s ratio materials, which is also one of the most potential directions for the development of large-deformation anchors. The combination of deformation bolt technology and the development of large deformation anchors with monitoring function are conducive to the continuous monitoring of disturbance stress and convergence deformation of surrounding rock in the whole life cycle of underground engineering. It is one of the research directions worthy of attention in the future.
In order to avoid many unfavorable factors in the traditional environment of mining operations，improve production efficiency of mines,reduce the labor cost and eliminate the accident potentials，the large mining equipment such as underground LHD(load-haul-and-dump-machine) is developing towards the direction of intelligence，information and unmanned.The autonomous scooping operation of LHD is an important part of relative researches，but the scooping operation is difficult to predict due to the complex structure of the working device of LHD.With the rapid development of methods such as reinforcement learning in recent years，there are some feasible solutions to underground LHD’s autonomous scooping operation.However，a large amount of training data are required to be collected due to the limits of relative algorithms and there are several issues such as long acquisition time，high cost of existing equipment transformation and interference in normal operation of mines when collecting data in real environment.Under the existing technical conditions，virtual prototype technology can be used to build a simulation operation platform to meet the demand of data for autonomous scooping operation training. In this paper，the structure of a certain type of underground LHD with forward rotation four rods mechanism was taken as reference to analyze the linkages of working devices and articulated steering mechanism of the car body and a three-dimension dynamic model of LHD was established in V-REP combined with the map model generated by 3D Studio Max.12 basic ore models with 3 irregular shapes in 4 sizes were established to form blasted-pile randomly under control of scripts.Then，generated an interactive working environment including tunnel，drawing points，ore pass and simulated light sources to establish an simulation experiment platform combined with LHD model and blasted-pile and wrote embedded script to realize to communication between the external equipment and the simulation experiment platform to control walk and scooping operation of LHD and generation of blasted-pile.Finally，finished the real-time simulation of underground LHD’s scooping and loading ores at drawing point and transported it to the ore pass through the transportation tunnel.The simulation results show that the loading and unloading operations can be simulated under the virtual environment after practical test to meet the demands of data under reinforcement learning framework and the simulation platform can also be used as a training platform for underground workers.
Rockburst is one of the typical dynamic disasters in the field of underground engineering.The forecast of rockburst tendency in high stress area is of great practical significance.Due to the complexity of rockburst mechanism，the existing prediction models were difficult to reflect the multi-dimensional nonlinear characteristics of rockburst，which result in the low rockburst tendency prediction accuracy.In order to forecast rockburst tendency more accurately, a new rockburst tendency forecast model was proposed by combining particle swarm optimization (PSO) with radial basis function neural network (RBF).After determining the number of the hidden layer nodes by trial-by-error method，the parameters of RBF neural network including the center of basic function，width of the hidden layer node and the output weights formed a multi-dimensional vector，and were optimized as population particle of the PSO algorithm for the purpose of getting the optimal solution within the scope of global solvable space.Further，this paper referenced domestic and foreign related literature and choose four major rockburst tendency indicators，including the uniaxial compressive strength，the rock stress index，the rock brittleness index and the elastic energy index.25 typical practical rockburst engineering cases were took as the learning samples to train the PSO-RBF neural network model parameters.Finally，the established model of PSO-RBF was applied to rockburst tendency prediction of practical engineering.The results show it is approved that the prediction results of the proposed model in this paper are approximately consistent with the actual rockburst status.The relative error rate of PSO-RBF prediction model is 10%，and the accurate is significantly improved than prevenient prediction method.The PSO-RBF neural network rockburst tendency prediction model has a certain practicality and could provide effective guidance for similar projects.
A 30 t/d dressing and metallurgy pilot plant have been completed for a gold mine in Qinghai Province.The processing technologies of the pilot plant are flotation and gold leaching by environmental extraction agent.The pilot plant is mainly aimed at the pilot test study for gold ore dressing and metallurgy of new techniques,new materials and new technologies,new reagents and automatic control,etc. At the same time,it can carry out the flotation technology research for nonferrous metals.Mainly equipment in the pilot plant was monitored by frequency conversion,so that it can study the technical measures to improve equipment operation rate.The original design flow of the pilot plant is single,so it cannot carry out process optimization experiment research.Base on optimizing the process designs,different process test can be combination and adjustment.Through the open-circuit tests of laboratory for Huanglonggou gold ore and Shuizhadonggou gold ore in this mine,the recovery rate of the rougher flotation,the once scavenging,the second scavenging,the third scavenging for Shuizhadonggou gold ore is 80.41%,6.55%,1.47%,0.67%,and the grade of secondary cleaning concentrate is 30.40×10-6,so the suitable flotation process for Shuizhadonggou gold ore is single stage rough two stage cleaning three stage scavenging;the recovery rate of the rough flotation,the once scavenging,the second scavenging,the third scavenging for Huanglonggou gold ore is 75.95%,3.53%,2.32%,1.52%,and the grade of rough flotation concentrate is 29.51×10-6,so the suitable flotation process for Huanglonggou gold ore is single stage rough three stage scavenging.Based on the results of laboratory tests for these two minerals，the pilot tests were carried out in the pilot plant，which was aimed at demonstrating the results of the laboratory tests.Finally,this research result was successfully applied to the actual production of plants,the flotation process of the second plant was optimized to a single stage roughing three stage scavenging.As a result,the recovery rate of Huanglonggou gold ore is increased to 82.48% from 77.51%,more than 66.88 kg gold is additionally recovered per year,and the annual increase in production value reaches 8 834 500 yuan.
Based on the detailed analysis of the influencing factors of the gold price，the gold price of China was predicted according to the price factor of gold price combined with the quotient space theory and the support vector machine method.Firstly，we used the person correlation coefficient method to compare the correlation between 9 price factors with gold price in the current.Five price factors with larger correlation coefficient were selected，they are US dollar index，WIT crude oil futures，G5 currency index，producer index，consumer index and correlation coefficient with correlation coefficient of -0.46，0.52，0.5，0.59 and 0.55 respectively.Secondly，through the granger causality test，we got the reason that the commodity index and the consumer price of the index lead to the change of the gold price hypotheses are more likely to be established，the odds are 0.83338 and 0.95609 respectively.Then，using the dollar index，the WIT crude oil futures，the G5 currency index，the producer index，the consumer index，the commodity index and the consumer price index as the main price factors for the forecast，combining with the quotient space theory and according to the time attribute，divided the gold price domain into three divisions of year，quarter and month，then established the three-tier quotient space，and conducted the granularity of the synthesis and calculation.The SVM forecasting model based on the quotient space theory was established to forecast the gold price.The forecast value of the gold price for year，quarter and month granularity is 8 122.4 CNY/troy ounce，7 947.506 CNY/troy ounce and 8 089.5 CNY/troy ounce respectively，and the composite result is 8 053.1 CNY/troy ounce.Finally，the reliability of the model is verified by comparing the gold price forecast with the GM（1，1） forecast of 9 382.2 CNY/troy ounce and the actual gold price of 8 306.0 CNY/troy ounce，indicate that the prediction result of the model is within the range allowed by the error，and the model is superior to traditional price prediction methods..
In order to improve the accuracy of gold price prediction，an equal dimensional dynamic Markov SCGM（1，1）C forecasting model was proposed.Prediction has high requirements for the selection of data，and the latest data can improve the prediction accuracy.The equal dimensional dynamic Markov SCGM（1，1）C model is a composite model which combines the equal dimensional dynamic SCGM（1，1）C model with the Markov chain.On the basis of the prediction results of the equal dimensional dynamic SCGM（1，1）C，the grey fitting accuracy index is divided into states，and the state of the monthly gold price is determined.On this basis，the next transition direction is determined according to the transition probability matrix，and finally the predicted data is obtained.In this paper，the data processing method of take the new one and remove the old one was introduced，and the equal dimension dynamic data optimization was used.Because the grey SCGM（1，1）Cprediction model is also a grey model，the grey model is characterized by less original data，so a large number of original values are not needed in this paper.A total of 16 groups of gold price data from January 2018 to April 2019 were selected，and the dimension of dynamic equal dimension was determined to be 13.When SCGM（1，1）Cmodel data were processed，13 gold price data from January 2018 to January 2019 were selected to predict the gold price in February 2019，and then the gold price of March 2019 and April 2019 was predicted as above.The prediction data from February 2019 to April 2019 were used as fitting data to observe whether the accuracy of the prediction model is the best.The grey SCGM（1，1）Cmodel was predicted directly with all 16 known data.By comparing the grey SCGM（1，1）Cprediction model，the equal dimensional dynamic SCGM（1，1）Cmodel and the equal dimensional dynamic Markov SCGM（1，1）Cprediction model it is know that the accuracy of the equal dimensional dynamic SCGM（1，1）Cmodel is higher than the SCGM（1，1）Cmodel.The fitting accuracy of the equal dimensional dynamic Markov SCGM（1，1）Cis the highest，reaching the first order，the average relative error is 0.85%，which meets the prediction requirements，and the gold price in May 2019 is predicted to be $1 314.78.Although the grey SCGM（1，1）Cmodel has the lowest accuracy，it is simple to calculate and all the predicted values can be obtained by one calculation.The equal dimensional dynamic Markov SCGM（1，1）Cmodel is the most complex，but its predict results are the most accurate.Compared with the neural network and other methods，the equal dimensional dynamic Markov SCGM（1，1）Cmodel is simpler，so the model can be used to predict the gold price.The gold price in May 2019 is $1 295.55.Which Contrast with the predict is very close.
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