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Gold Science and Technology ›› 2020, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (1): 148-157.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2020.01.067

• Mining Technology and Mine Management • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Modelling SVM and Prediction of Gold Price Based on Quotient Space

Xu HAN(),Shan YANG(),Ximei WANG   

  1. School of Resources and Safety Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410083,Hunan,China
  • Received:2019-06-05 Revised:2019-11-14 Online:2020-02-29 Published:2020-02-26
  • Contact: Shan YANG E-mail:531865317@qq.com;yangshan@csu.edu.cn

Abstract:

Based on the detailed analysis of the influencing factors of the gold price,the gold price of China was predicted according to the price factor of gold price combined with the quotient space theory and the support vector machine method.Firstly,we used the person correlation coefficient method to compare the correlation between 9 price factors with gold price in the current.Five price factors with larger correlation coefficient were selected,they are US dollar index,WIT crude oil futures,G5 currency index,producer index,consumer index and correlation coefficient with correlation coefficient of -0.46,0.52,0.5,0.59 and 0.55 respectively.Secondly,through the granger causality test,we got the reason that the commodity index and the consumer price of the index lead to the change of the gold price hypotheses are more likely to be established,the odds are 0.83338 and 0.95609 respectively.Then,using the dollar index,the WIT crude oil futures,the G5 currency index,the producer index,the consumer index,the commodity index and the consumer price index as the main price factors for the forecast,combining with the quotient space theory and according to the time attribute,divided the gold price domain into three divisions of year,quarter and month,then established the three-tier quotient space,and conducted the granularity of the synthesis and calculation.The SVM forecasting model based on the quotient space theory was established to forecast the gold price.The forecast value of the gold price for year,quarter and month granularity is 8 122.4 CNY/troy ounce,7 947.506 CNY/troy ounce and 8 089.5 CNY/troy ounce respectively,and the composite result is 8 053.1 CNY/troy ounce.Finally,the reliability of the model is verified by comparing the gold price forecast with the GM(1,1) forecast of 9 382.2 CNY/troy ounce and the actual gold price of 8 306.0 CNY/troy ounce,indicate that the prediction result of the model is within the range allowed by the error,and the model is superior to traditional price prediction methods..

Key words: gold price, influencing factor, quotient space, granularity, SVM model, Person correlation coefficient method, Granger causality test

CLC Number: 

  • X751

Fig.1

Trend chart of gold prices in various countries from 2006 to 2015"

Fig.2

Comparison of gold price,CRB,CPI and WIT crude oil futures price trends from 2006 to 2015"

Fig.3

Comparison of gold price,US dollar index and G5 currency index trend from 2006 to 2015"

Table 1

Price factor and description"

价格因子说明
CRB(x1商品指数:一种期货价格指数,总体上反映了世界主要商品价格的动态信息。在一定程度上揭示未来宏观经济的走向,能较好地反映通货膨胀
CPI(x2居民消费价格指数:反映居民家庭一般所购买的消费商品和服务价格水平变动情况的宏观经济指标
USDX(x3美元指数:综合反映美元在国际外汇市场的汇率情况的指标,用来衡量美元对一揽子货币的汇率变化程度
DJIA(x4道琼斯股票价格平均指数:是世界上最有影响、使用最广的股价指数,由4种股价平均指数构成。本文所述的是道琼斯指数中的第一组道琼斯工业平均指数(Dow Jones Industrial Average)
WTI(x5原油期货:取世界原油市场的三大价格基准之一的WTI原油价格
IR(x6通胀率:即通货膨胀率(Inflation Rate),是货币超发部分与实际需要的货币量之比,用以反映通货膨胀和货币贬值的程度
G5CI(x7G5货币指数(G5 Currency Index):是由G5货币,美元、欧元、日元、英镑和加元组成的指数,以3年GDP加权
PI(x8生产者指数(Produce Index):是由5个最大的黄金生产国货币组成的指数,按3年平均矿产量排名并加权,当前五大黄金生产国依次为中国、美国、俄罗斯、澳大利亚和南非
CI(x9消费者指数(Consumer Index):是由5种最大的黄金消费国货币组成的指数,按3年平均黄金需求量排序并加权
GP(y中国的黄金价格

Table 2

Normalization data of price factor and gold price"

年份x1x2x3x4x5x6x7x8x9y
20060.750.920.84-0.30-1.42-0.67-1.10-1.13-1.05-1.43
20070.520.62-0.06-0.03-0.590.93-0.91-1.03-1.00-1.18
20081.531.36-0.72-1.52-0.751.46-0.88-0.94-0.93-0.78
2009-1.09-1.73-0.31-0.97-0.72-1.74-0.76-0.78-0.80-0.47
2010-0.36-0.26-0.35-0.59-0.540.20-0.49-0.43-0.500.38
20110.840.92-1.18-0.38-0.251.22-0.120.03-0.041.35
20120.120.11-0.70-0.090.50-0.140.430.580.541.55
2013-0.18-0.33-0.511.071.220.150.921.011.040.59
2014-0.17-0.260.041.481.59-0.671.361.291.350.13
2015-1.93-1.362.331.350.96-0.721.571.401.39-0.14

Table 3

Correlation coefficient between price factor and gold price"

x1x2x3x4x5x6x7x8x9y
x110.95-0.69-0.52-0.450.72-0.57-0.54-0.53-0.11
x20.951-0.54-0.38-0.400.79-0.46-0.44-0.43-0.11
x3-0.69-0.5410.440.11-0.600.310.230.25-0.46
x4-0.52-0.380.4410.85-0.300.870.850.870.21
x5-0.45-0.400.110.851-0.170.960.960.960.52
x60.720.79-0.60-0.30-0.171-0.25-0.23-0.240.13
x7-0.57-0.460.310.870.96-0.2510.9910.50
x8-0.54-0.440.230.850.96-0.230.99110.59
x9-0.53-0.430.250.870.96-0.241110.55
y-0.11-0.11-0.460.210.520.130.500.590.551

Table 4

Granger causality test results"

序号假设可能性Pr序号假设可能性Pr
1x1y的原因0.833388yx1的原因0.59425
2x2y的原因0.956099yx2的原因0.63112
3x3y的原因0.8760910yx3的原因0.99394
4x5y的原因0.0063911yx5的原因0.09528
5x7y的原因0.0016112yx7的原因0.14256
6x8y的原因0.0018013yx8的原因0.14409
7x9y的原因0.0003314yx9的原因0.13109

Fig.4

Granularity chart of gold price and price factor"

Table 5

Parameter selection of gold price SVM model"

预测模型cgamma最优
月粒度1000.00787400.2661497
季粒度1000.02127660.2580292
年粒度1000.02127660.2275999

Table 6

Comparison of gold price predictions in 2016"

预测模型预测值/(元·金衡盎司-1相对误差δ/%
年粒度8 122.4δ=-2.21
季粒度7 947.5δ=-4.32
月粒度8 089.5δ=-2.61
GM(1,1)年均预测值9 382.2δGM=12.96
本文合成预测值8 053.1δ=-3.04
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