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Gold Science and Technology ›› 2020, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (1): 51-60.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2020.01.121

• Mining Technology and Mine Management • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Physical Simulation Experimental Study on Mining and Fault Activation Induced by Excavation

Qihao SUN1,2,3(),Fengshan MA1,2(),Haijun ZHAO1,2,Jie GUO1,2,Jiayuan CAO1,2,3   

  1. 1.Key Laboratory of Shale Gas and Geoengineering，Institute of Geology and Geophysics，Chinese Academy of Science，Beijing 100029，China
    2.Innovation Academy for Earth Science，Chinese Academy of Science，Beijing 100029，China
    3.University of Chinese Academy of Science，Beijing 100049，China
  • Received:2019-07-01 Revised:2019-11-06 Online:2020-02-29 Published:2020-02-26
  • Contact: Fengshan MA E-mail:sunqihao16@mails.ucas.ac.cn;fsma@mail.iggcas.ac.cn

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Abstract:

Underground mining will inevitably change the stress state of the original rock and stress equilibrium state of overlying strata.The overlying strata move and deform during this process until a new stress balance is reached.During this process，the overlying rock layer moves and deforms，and passes upward to cause deformation of the ground surface.Because the ore bodies are mostly inclined，the movement rules of the surface and deep rock bodies caused by underground mining of metal mines are often different from those of sedimentary strata mines such as coal mines.In addition，fault activation often occurs under the action of excavation，leading to discontinuous and uncoordinated deformation of the surface and rock strata.Rock deformation，shaft deformation and fault activation caused by mining of inclined orebody have posed a serious threat to mine engineering.Many researchers have done a lot of research including theory，experiments and numerical simulations.In order to study the deformation and failure rules of vertical shaft under the mining of inclined ore body and fault activation，a physical simulation method for small models of soft materials was introduced.This method overcame many shortcomings of traditional physical simulation methods and had the advantages of simple operation and recycled.It could reflect the influence of self-weight stress on the physical and mechanical properties of materials in the molding process.This method was then used to carry out excavation experiments on models with different inclination angles of ore bodies and faults and good experimental results were finally obtained.The experimental results show that the location and settlement value of the settlement center change with the inclined angle of the ore body under the action of self-weight stress.The shaft is affected in a different way by mining because of varied angle of ore body.The vertical displacement of the shaft may be the result of overlying strata movement in goaf.It may also be due to the superposition of the overburden`s movement and the mining operation below.It depends on relative position of shaft and goaf.The hidden fault above the excavation area has the function of shielding vertical displacement to a certain extent when the dip angle is extremely low.The fault activation become stronger when the fault dip is close to 45° and it has a greater impact on surface deformation.The shaft is also subjected to greater squeezing and shearing action.These results have a valuable reference for mining design and site selection of shaft.

Key words: excavation, physical simulation, small model, inclined ore body, fault activation, self-weight stress, shaft deformation

CLC Number: 

  • TD853

Fig.1

Engineering geological conditions of line 14 in No.2 Jinchuan"

Fig.2

Soft material model（a）and monitoring station layout（b）"

Fig.3

Schematic diagram of inclined ore body mining model"

Fig.4

Displacement distribution diagram of surface monitoring points on the vertical（a） and horizontal（b） directions"

Fig.5

Displacement distribution diagram of shaft monitoring points on the vertical（a） and horizontal（b） directions"

Fig.6

Schematic diagram of fault activation model"

Fig.7

Displacement distribution diagram of monitoring point near fault"

Fig.8

Displacement distribution diagram of surface monitoring points on the vertical（a） and horizontal（b） directions"

Fig.9

Displacement distribution diagram of shaft monitoring points on the vertical（a） and horizontal（b） directions"

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