深井规模化开采矿山与分布式微震监测系统设计研究

doi:10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2023.04.113

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

深井规模化开采已成为国内外地下矿山开采的重要发展趋势，然而这种开采工艺会面临复杂的地压灾害活动威胁。基于谦比希铜矿微震监测系统研究课题，开展了分布式微震监测系统设计方案研究。通过对谦比希铜矿通信网络特点和通信技术进行研究，提出了新型PTP时间同步协议并配置授时硬件装置，在此基础上解决了分布式系统时间同步问题，并测试验证了微震系统时间同步精度在65~82 ns之间；基于空间过滤体方式对微震信号进行边界约束，解决了微震监测区域数据分析分散的问题；通过三维数值模拟方法验证了分布式微震监测的定位精度，同时通过现场踏勘方式验证了上述方法现场应用的可靠性。研究结果表明：分布式微震监测系统可以很好地适应深井规模化开采矿山的地压灾害监测需求。

关键词: 深井, 规模化开采, 分布式微震监测系统, 时间同步, 空间过滤, 台网分析

Abstract:

Deep well large-scale mining is one of the important development trends of mining methods at home and abroad，but this mining method also faces the threat of complex ground pressure disasters.Based on the requirements for the design of microseismic monitoring system in Chambishi copper mine，a typical deep well large-scale distributed mining mine，the distributed microseismic monitoring system design scheme was studied in this paper.Deep well large-scale mining will inevitably lead to the dispersion of underground monitoring equipment.Because the microseismic data acquisition substations at different locations are running underground，due to the continuous accumulation of network delays，there will be large time synchronization errors，and the time synchronization errors will cause the microseismic events originally occurring in the south mining area to be located in the north mining area or in unrelated areas，so that the true location of ground pressure disasters cannot be accurately monitored.In addition，the microseismic monitoring software will carry out statistical analysis of all the monitored events when carrying out quantitative statistical analysis，and the ground pressure disaster activity characteristics in different regions have nonlinear characteristics，so it is necessary to carry out statistical analysis of data separately.In view of the difficulties in the design of distributed microseismic monitoring system，two key technologies have been researched and developed based on the existing microseismic monitoring system technologies.One is the high-precision time synchronization technology to solve the time synchronization problem of ultra long-distance distributed equipment，and the other is the monitoring data spatial filtering technology to solve the data analysis of ground pressure disaster activities in different regions.Based on the application of the above key technologies，the design concept of the distributed microseismic monitoring system was realized.At the same time，the network numerical calculation tool was used to simulate the system positioning accuracy of the distributed microseismic monitoring design scheme.The key data required by the microseismic monitoring network analysis tool are three-dimensional coordinate information of the sensor position，sensitivity value of the sensor，seismic wave velocity，P-wave variance and arrival error variance.Based on the above data，the positioning error was calculated numerically，and finally the three-dimensional cloud map of the positioning error in the central area and the surrounding area of the monitoring station network was obtained.The network analysis results show that the design scheme meets the monitoring needs of actual ground pressure activities，thus verifying the feasibility of the design scheme.The solution can be applied to the same type of mines and has certain promotion value.

Key words: deep well, large-scale mining, distributed microseismic monitoring system, time synchronization, spatial filtering, seismological network analysis

中图分类号:

TD76

张君, 杨清平, 刘芳芳, 张金钟, 徐刚强, 李晓松. 深井规模化开采矿山与分布式微震监测系统设计研究[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2023, 31(4): 659-668.

Jun ZHANG, Qingping YANG, Fangfang LIU, Jinzhong ZHANG, Gangqiang XU, Xiaosong LI. Design and Research of Distributed Microseismic Monitoring System in Deep Well Large-scale Mining Mine[J]. Gold Science and Technology, 2023, 31(4): 659-668.

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传感器编号	三维坐标
传感器编号	X	Y	Z
S680-1	-9 727.33	14 842.22	559.519
S680-2	-9 758.06	14 781.42	559.912
S680-3	-9 785.68	14 726.42	559.914
S680-4	-9 617.56	14 643.69	564.607
S680-5	-9 583.78	14 703.26	564.757
S680-6	-9 549.91	14 761.80	564.891
S680-7	-9 432.12	14 571.32	566.266
S800-1	-9 746.07	14 849.76	441.590
S800-2	-9 641.75	14 807.39	441.400
S800-3	-9 594.04	14 903.38	442.134
S800-4	-9 477.73	14 696.10	447.358
S800-5	-9 416.77	14 801.79	447.780
S960-1	-10 372.80	15 944.26	265.244
S960-2	-10 430.80	15 835.29	265.633
S960-3	-10 347.40	15 788.95	273.118
S960-4	-10 289.60	15 892.07	273.941
S960-5	-10 257.60	15 739.78	280.628
S960-6	-10 200.00	15 842.49	274.856
S1080-1	-10 393.00	15 706.99	156.465
S1080-2	-10 250.80	15 756.23	156.834
S1080-3	-10 177.90	15 889.44	157.658
S1080-4	-10 338.20	16 003.69	157.900
S1080-5	-10 411.00	15 871.76	156.854
S680-8	-9 382.38	14 660.23	564.872
S800-6	-9 298.86	14 606.08	449.012
S680-1	-9 727.33	14 842.22	559.519
S680-2	-9 758.06	14 781.42	559.912
S680-3	-9 785.68	14 726.42	559.914
S680-4	-9 617.56	14 643.69	564.607
S680-5	-9 583.78	14 703.26	564.757
S680-6	-9 549.91	14 761.80	564.891
S680-7	-9 432.12	14 571.32	566.266

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