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黄金科学技术 ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (4): 605-612.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2023.04.012

• 采选技术与矿山管理 • 上一篇    下一篇

三山岛金矿地面沉降特征及原因分析

何玉龙1(),刘佳2,3,4,马凤山2,3(),李光2,3,郭捷2,3   

  1. 1.山东黄金矿业(莱州)有限公司三山岛金矿,山东 莱州 261442
    2.中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,中国科学院页岩气与地质工程重点实验室,北京 100029
    3.中国科学院地球科学研究院,北京 100029
    4.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
  • 收稿日期:2023-01-09 修回日期:2023-04-09 出版日期:2023-08-30 发布日期:2023-09-20
  • 通讯作者: 马凤山 E-mail:heyulong@sd-gold.com;fsma@mail.iggcas.ac.cn
  • 作者简介:何玉龙(1990-),男,河北承德人,工程师,从事矿山工程测量工作。heyulong@sd-gold.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金重点项目“海底采矿对地质环境的胁迫影响与致灾机理”(41831293)

Analysis on the Characteristics and Causes of Ground Subsidence in Sanshandao Gold Mine

Yulong HE1(),Jia LIU2,3,4,Fengshan MA2,3(),Guang LI2,3,Jie GUO2,3   

  1. 1.Sanshandao Gold Mine, Shandong Gold Mining(Laizhou)Co. , Ltd. , Laizhou 261442, Shandong, China
    2.Key Laboratory of Shale Gas and Geoengineering, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
    3.Innovation Academy for Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
    4.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  • Received:2023-01-09 Revised:2023-04-09 Online:2023-08-30 Published:2023-09-20
  • Contact: Fengshan MA E-mail:heyulong@sd-gold.com;fsma@mail.iggcas.ac.cn

摘要:

地面沉降作为一类缓变型地质灾害,可对人们的生产生活造成重要影响。三山岛金矿自2012年9月在地下采矿影响范围内建立全球定位系统(GPS)并监测地面沉降以来,监测到明显的地面沉降现象。分析结果表明:(1)多年来,研究区内地面沉降范围变化趋势较一致,沉降盆地分布于矿体的上盘区域,沉降盆地的形态由最初的近似圆形发展到后期的椭圆形,并沿矿体上盘方向发展演化;(2)沉降等值线在靠近F1控矿断裂一侧较密集,而在远离F1断裂一侧较稀疏,随着时间的推移,沉降中心区域的累积沉降值越来越大,根据累积沉降曲线斜率的变化情况,可将累积沉降量曲线划分为3个阶段;(3)三山岛金矿地面沉降的采矿影响因素主要有矿体赋存形态、埋深、地应力环境、断层活动和充填采矿方式等,而非采矿影响因素可归纳为人为社会因素,即由于采矿经济发展,建筑物增多,以及抽排地下水等,致使地面沉降现象也会有所加重。

关键词: 三山岛金矿, GPS监测系统, 地面沉降, 发展演化, 影响因素

Abstract:

As a type of slow-change geological hazard,ground subsidence have an important impact on people’s production and life.Since the establishment of Global Positioning System (GPS) monitoring of ground subsidence within the impact area of underground mining at Sanshandao gold mine in September 2012,significant ground subsidence has been monitored.In order to grasp the characteristics and patterns of ground subsidence in the mine area,this paper obtained the spatial and temporal variation of ground subsidence in the Sanshandao gold mine area by summarizing and analyzing the results of previous multi-period monitoring,and briefly discussed the direct and indirect factors causing the ground subsidence phenomenon,and finally proposed suggestions to mitigate the ground subsidence in the mine area.The results show that:(1)The trend of the subsidence extent in the study area is consistent since September 2012,and the center of subsidence is located in the upper disk area of the orebody,500 m to 600 m east of Sanshandao village committee. (2)The morphology of the ground subsidence basin has evolved from a nearly circular shape at the beginning to an elliptical shape at a later stage,i.e.,along the southeast side of the subsidence basin. (3)The subsidence contours are denser on the side close to the F1 ore-control fracture and sparser on the side far from the F1 fracture. (4)The cumulative sedimentation value of the sedimentation center becomes larger and larger over time,and the sedimentation velocity changes significantly,with a faster sedimentation velocity at first,then a slower sedimentation velocity,and an increase in the sedimentation velocity in recent years.According to the settlement velocity,the cumulative settlement curves can be divided into three stages.The first stage,between September 2012 and September 2016,the cumulative settlement is about 337 mm,with an average annual settlement of about 84 mm.The second stage,between September 2017 and September 2020,the cumulative settlement is about 73 mm,with an average annual settlement of about 24 mm.The third stage,from September 2020 to September 2021,the average annual subsidence is approximately 68 mm.The ground subsidence of Sanshandao gold mine is the product of the combined effect of mining disturbance force and self-gravity of the overlying rock.The movement deformation of the overlying rock in the mining area and the compression deformation of the overlying softer quaternary sediments will lead to the ground subsidence.The direct mining influences on ground subsidence can be divided into the shape of the orebody deposit,depth of burial,geological stress environment,presence of faults,and infill mining methods,while the indirect non-mining influences can be summarized as anthropogenic social factors,i.e.,the ground subsidence phenomenon is also aggravated by the economic development of mining,the increase of buildings,and the pumping of groundwater.

Key words: Sanshandao gold mine, Global Positioning System(GPS) monitoring, ground subsidence, development and evolution, influencing factors

中图分类号: 

  • TD325

图1

三山岛金矿区域地质构造图1.第四系;2.郭家岭花岗闪长岩;3.玲珑花岗岩;4.片麻岩;5.绢云母化花岗岩;6.绢云母化和硅化花岗碎裂岩;7.绢云母化和硅化碎裂岩;8.断裂;9.产状;10.矿体"

图2

GPS监测外网布置图(a)和现场监测(b)"

图3

三山岛金矿累积沉降量分布图"

图4

三山岛金矿典型沉降中心点累积沉降量曲线"

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