玲珑金矿微震监测台网布设优化

doi:10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2019.03.417

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

微震监测系统的方案优选涉及多个指标，为简化方案优选流程，利用主成分分析法（PCA）构建了微震监测台网综合优化分析模型。首先，基于玲珑金矿大开头矿段微震监测系统构建和运行阶段矿山的实际情况，从经济和技术条件2个方面选取了8个指标构建了综合评价指标体系。在进行模型解算后，用2个新的综合指标（主成分）替代了原始的8个指标，这2个指标包含了原始数据91.9%的信息量。最后以信息贡献率作为新的综合指标的权重系数，计算各方案的综合评价值，优选出方案Ⅲ综合性能最好。

关键词: 深部开采, 微震监测, 传感器布设, 多元统计分析, 方案评价, 主成分分析, 权重, 灵敏度

Abstract:

Due to the using of large-scale mining equipment and the improvement of production management level in recent decades，long-term mining has led to the depletion of shallow mineral resources. Because of the complex geological conditions and high ground stress in deep mining，high-energy rock burst，earthquake，large-area goaf instability and other dynamic disasters are more likely to occur in the process of deep mining.Moreover，these geological hazards are difficult to accurately predict and prevent by traditional monitoring techniques.Micro-seismic monitoring technology can monitor micro-seismic events in the form of elastic waveforms released by rock mass during deformation and fracture in real time.It can also determine the location and energy parameters of micro-seismic events，so as to evaluate the safety of rock mass activity and stability.This is the main monitoring means of dynamic disasters in existing mines，and has been widely used in engineering fields with high risk of rock burst.The mining depth of Linglong gold mine in Shandong has exceeded 1 000 meters，and a micro-seismic monitoring system has been built in the deep part of the mine.Layout of network is the first and most important part of the construction of micro-seismic monitoring system，and it is the key factor affecting the effect of micro-seismic monitoring.Generally，that is need to be focused on are technology and economy factors.Technology is feasible to ensure the accuracy of monitoring data within the scope of system monitoring.Economy is reasonable to ensure that equipment and construction costs are reasonable.Due to the complexity of underground engineering，the layout of micro-seismic monitoring network is greatly limited，so it is usually necessary to compare several schemes to select the most suitable one.However，because the program optimization of micro-seismic monitoring system is a comprehensive evaluation problem involving multiple indicators，the traditional empirical analogy method is more subjective and difficult to achieve quantitative judgement.Based on the principal component analysis （PCA），a comprehensive optimization analysis model for micro-seismic monitoring network was established.First，a scientific and reasonable evaluation index system needs to be established.When determining the evaluation index，the principal component analysis can eliminate the influence of the correlation among the indicators，and does not need to consider the independence of the indicators.At the same time，it can simplify the data structure of the evaluation index and transform it into a few comprehensive indicators.Therefore，it is necessary to fully and comprehensively consider the various influencing factors in the system construction and operation stage，and try to select more evaluation indicators to make the evaluation results more comprehensive and accurate.Based on the actual situation of the construction and operation of the micro-seismic monitoring system in the Dakaitou mining area of Linglong gold mine，and combined with the evaluation parameters of previous related projects，eight indicators were selected from two aspects of economic and technical conditions to build a comprehensive evaluation index system.After the calculation of the model，eight original indicators were replaced by two new composite indicators，and the latter included about 91.9% information of the original data，which greatly simplifies the data structure of the scheme evaluation.Finally，based on the difference of the original data itself，the information contribution rate is used as the weight coefficient of the new comprehensive index，which avoids the error of subjective weight.It is a more scientific and simple weighting method.The comprehensive evaluation value of each scheme is calculated，and the scheme Ⅲ with the comprehensive evaluation value of 0.71 was the optimal scheme.The principal component analysis model provides a concise and effective comprehensive evaluation method for the optimization of micro-seismic monitoring network schemes.

Key words: deep mining, micro-seismic monitoring, sensor layout, multivariate statistical analysis, program evaluation, PCA, weight, sensitivity

中图分类号:

TD32

崔宇,李夕兵,董陇军,白吕. 玲珑金矿微震监测台网布设优化[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2019, 27(3): 417-424.

Yu CUI,Xibing LI,Longjun DONG,Lü BAI. Optimization of Micro-seismic Monitoring Network Layout in Linglong Gold Mine[J]. Gold Science and Technology, 2019, 27(3): 417-424.

图/表 7

图1

表1

微震台网布设方案综合评价指标"

方案编号	经济指标			技术指标
方案编号	$X 1$ /万元	$X 2$ /万元	$X 3$ /万元	$X 4$ /m	$X 5$ /m	$X 6$	$X 7$ /%	$X 8$ /年
I	90	16.5	8.6	30	31	0.5	55	5
Ⅱ	124	25.5	12.5	28	20	-1.2	75	5
Ⅲ	102	17.6	9.6	14	14	-1.6	85	8
Ⅳ	158	32.0	16.2	24	19	-1.4	85	6
Ⅴ	123	23.6	12.4	16	16	-2.0	80	8
Ⅵ	242	48.2	31.0	16	15	-1.6	89	8

表1

表2

特征值和方差分析表"

主成分	特征值 $λ$	信息贡献率/%	累积贡献率/%
$F 1$	0.840	68.246	68.246
$F 2$	0.292	23.730	91.976
$F 3$	0.089	7.240	99.216
$F 4$	0.008	0.620	99.836
$F 5$	0.002	0.164	100.00
$F 6$	0	0	100.00
$F 7$	0	0	100.00
$F 8$	0	0	100.00

表2

图2

表3

各方案 F 1 、 F 2 得分及综合评价值"

方案编号	$F 1$	$F 2$	综合评价值
Ⅰ	-1.618	-0.201	-1.25
Ⅱ	-0.608	-0.324	-0.53
Ⅲ	0.463	1.418	0.71
Ⅳ	0.167	-0.502	-0.12
Ⅴ	0.504	0.925	0.61
Ⅵ	1.24	1.317	0.58

表3

图3

图4

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