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Gold Science and Technology ›› 2021, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (6): 863-873.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2021.06.043

• Mining Technology and Mine Management • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Experimental Study on Rock Burst Tendency and Acoustic Emission Characteristics of Limestone at Different Buried Depths

Qiang ZENG1,2(),Xiaorong HUANG3,Xiaojun WANG1,2(),Qinglin CHEN1,2,Jian LIU1,2,Cong GONG1,2   

  1. 1.School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China
    2.Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Mining Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China
    3.No. 1 Nonferrous Geological Team, Jiangxi Bureau of Geology, Yingtan 335000, Jiangxi, China
  • Received:2021-03-23 Revised:2021-05-21 Online:2021-12-31 Published:2022-03-07
  • Contact: Xiaojun WANG E-mail:286405502@qq.com;xiaojun7903@126.com

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Abstract:

With the increasing demand for mineral resources，deep mining is becoming more and more popular in mines and rock burst disasters are becoming more and more frequent. Rock burst warning and prevention have become one of the major safety issues that need to be solved in the field of geotechnical engineering in the world today. The acoustic emission of rock is an effective carrier to reflect the internal damage information of rock. The study on the characteristics of acoustic emission parameters in the process of rock burst rupture and instability provides a theoretical basis for the early warning of rock burst by acoustic emission parameters in deep mining. Limestone core samples were obtained from the same borehole at different depths in a copper mine. By carrying out conventional uniaxial tests of limestone with different buried depths，the stress-strain curve and acoustic emission time-domain characteristic parameters in the limestone failure process were obtained； the elastic energy index WET，deformation brittleness index Kε and linear elastic energy Weindex were used to distinguish Limestone rock burst tendency of different buried depths； By analyzing the characteristic parameters of acoustic emission in the failure process of limestone and their changing laws，the precursor information characteristics of rock bursts were established. The results show that with the depth gradient increases，when the buried depth is more than 1 000 m，the limestone has a strong rock burst tendency.The accumulative energy-time variation curve of acoustic emission during the compressive failure of lime stones at different depths can be divided into three stages，namely，steady stage，growth stage and failure stage. The stable stage is in the initial compaction stage of limestone. As the tendency of limestone rock burst becomes stronger，the axial strain corresponding to the acoustic emission energy at this stage becomes smaller. The growth stage is the expansion stage of new fissures in the limestone rock. The cumulative acoustic emission energy changes with the depth of the burial depth and presents a “step-like”evolution to a “smooth”growth form，and the failure stage is the stage of macroscopic cracks causing rock mass destruction. In this stage，as the tendency of limestone rock burst gradually increases，the energy released by rock burst increases.The dominant frequency of each deep limestone sample is mainly the low frequency band of 90~180 kHz，while the medium and strong rock burst tendencies have a high frequency secondary frequency of 270~330 kHz.The fractal characteristics of the acoustic emission energy rate of limestone under the depth gradient are consistent with the evolution law of its internal fissures.The evolution mode of fractal dimension value of limestone rock burst tendency from weak to strong at different depths is based on “up-dimension-wave-dimension reduction”.The evolution of “steady-dimensional reduction” can provide a theoretical basis for early warning of rock burst in deep mining.

Key words: rock mechanics, rock burst tendency, acoustic emission, correlation dimension, fracture mechanism

CLC Number: 

  • TD315

Fig.1

Schematic diagram of limestone rock sampling"

Fig.2

Schematic diagram of acoustic emission system of rock"

Fig.3

Stress-strain curves of limestone with different buried depths"

Table 1

Physical and mechanical parameters of the limestone rock with different buried depths"

埋深/m弹性模量 /GPa抗压强度 /MPa卸载应力点 /MPa密度 /（g·cm-3）孔隙率 /%
60016.3458.8851.642.6551.148
70019.9756.8450.152.7261.108
80020.8677.5066.342.7681.111
90021.01105.5590.752.7720.940
1 00022.07118.93108.642.7800.919

Fig.4

Typical loading and unloading curves of rock"

Table 2

Results of rock burst tendency of limestone with different depths based on multiple criterion"

埋深/m岩爆倾向判据一岩爆倾向判据二岩爆倾向判据三综合岩爆等级
弹性能量指数岩爆等级变形脆性指数岩爆等级线弹性能岩爆等级
6001.91无岩爆1.81无岩爆42.68弱岩爆无岩爆
7002.46弱岩爆2.63弱岩爆49.14弱岩爆弱岩爆
8003.95中等岩爆4.05弱岩爆101.01中等岩爆中等岩爆
9004.08中等岩爆6.38中等岩爆182.76中等岩爆中等岩爆
1 0005.28强岩爆9.71强岩爆257.91强岩爆强岩爆

Fig.5

Stress-strain diagram of limestone with different depths and corresponding variation of cumulative acoustic emission（AE） energy"

Table 3

Characteristic strength and percentage of limestone"

埋深/m起裂强度σc2/ MPa占应力百分比/%损伤强度σc3/ MPa占应力百分比/%
60017.6129.9145.3078.23
70021.2333.3743.1775.95
80017.2631.8754.1569.88
90039.5537.4789.9785.68
1 00042.6135.7495.1179.83

Fig.6

Variation curve of main frequency of limestone acoastic emission（AE） with time and distribution map of main frequency"

Fig.7

Relation curves of phase space dimension and correlation dimension"

Fig.8

Relation curves of acoustic emission energy ratio of limestone with loading stress ratio"

Fig.9

Relation curve of AE energy rate correlation dimension with loading stress ratio for different rock burst tendency"

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