单向受限应力下镐型截齿破岩特性及其影响因素分析

doi:10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2021.05.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于刀具破岩的非爆机械化开采有望成为深部矿山开采的主要替代方法之一。矿岩可切割性是制约刀具破岩的关键因素，其受到受限应力条件和岩石性质的影响。因此，研究不同种类岩石在不同受限应力条件下的可切割性，可为机械刀具破岩提供理论依据和关键技术参数支撑。首先在不同受限应力条件下，对花岗岩、大理岩、红砂岩和磷矿石进行了截齿破岩试验。然后，以试验结果为基础，对脆性指数、受限应力条件与截齿破岩峰值载荷和破岩比能之间的关系分别进行了回归分析。最后，利用熵权法评价了岩石强度特性和受限应力条件对截齿破岩峰值载荷和破岩比能的影响权重。结果表明：所建立的回归模型具有良好的预测精度，单向受限应力和脆性指数对截齿破岩峰值载荷和破岩比能的影响均呈非线性变化；单向受限应力和岩石强度特性对截齿破岩性能均有显著影响，且单向受限应力的影响权重略大于岩石强度特性。研究结果可为深部矿山非爆机械化开采可行性判别以及破岩参数设计提供理论依据。

关键词: 深部开采, 非爆机械化开采, 截齿破岩, 单向受限应力, 可切割性, 熵权法

Abstract:

With the gradual depletion of shallow resources，deep mining is an inevitable trend. However，the traditional drilling and blasting method has been difficult to meet the requirements of continuous，large-scale，safe，efficient and green resource exploitation in deep mining. Non-explosive mechanized mining based on cutting tool rock breaking will be one of the main alternative methods for deep mining. The cuttability of deep hard rock is the key factor to determine the non-explosive mechanical rock breaking. Therefore，we carried out the rock breaking experiment by conical pick and studied the rock cuttability under different confining pressures and rock properties. The experiment was performed on the TRW-3000 true triaxial electro-hydraulic servo test system designed and manufactured by Central South University. The system can simulate the stress conditions under uniaxial，biaxial and triaxial confining stress conditions. The maximum static load applied in X，Y and Z directions is 2 000 kN，2 000 kN and 3 000 kN respectively. The rock samples utilized in this experiment are granite，marble，red sandstone and phosphate rock，all of which are cubic rock samples with the size of 100 mm×100 mm×100 mm. In order to simulate the stress on the pillar to be mined，uniaxial confining pressure was applied to the rock sample on the Y-axis. The range of confining pressure of granite and marble is 0~120 MPa，that of red sandstone is 0~90 MPa，and that of phosphate rock is 0~100 MPa. Then，the rock breakage load is applied to rock specimen by conical pick through Z-axis，so as to cut the rock sample vertically. In the whole experiment process，the system recorded the load change on rock in the loading process automatically. According to the curve change，the peak indentation force and corresponding penetration depth of the pick were obtained，and the cutting work required for rock breaking could be obtained. Then，the specific energy of rock breaking could be calculated according to the cutting work and the volume of the spalling rock block. In addition，according to the ISRM standards，the uniaxial compressive strength and tensile strength of four types of rocks were obtained by uniaxial compression test and Brazilian splitting test. Then，the brittleness index of rock was obtained. The uniaxial compressive strength，brittleness index，peak indentation force and specific energy were normalized. Through regression analysis，the regression models of the relationships among the peak indentation force，rock strength characteristics and confining stress conditions，as well as the relationships among specific energy，rock strength characteristics and confining stress conditions were obtained. Finally，the entropy weight method was used to evaluate the influence weights of rock strength characteristics and confining stress conditions on the peak indentation force and specific energy. Through the above experimental study，regression analysis，and the weight determination，the necessary theoretical basis can be provided for the feasibility evaluation of non-explosive mechanized mining and the design of rock breaking parameter in deep mine. This study has important guiding significance for the realization of non-explosive mechanized mining in deep hard rock.

Key words: deep mining, non-explosive mechanized mining, rock breakage, uniaxial confining stress, rock cuttability, entropy weight method

中图分类号:

TD80

唐宇,王少锋. 单向受限应力下镐型截齿破岩特性及其影响因素分析[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2021, 29(5): 669-679.

Yu TANG,Shaofeng WANG. Analysis on Rock Breakage Characteristic and Its Influence Factors of Conical Pick Under Uniaxial Confining Stress[J]. Gold Science and Technology, 2021, 29(5): 669-679.

图/表 9

表1

岩样力学性质"

岩石样本	单轴抗压强度 $σ c / M P a$	单轴抗拉强度 $σ t / M P a$	脆性指数 $B 1$	脆性指数 $B 2$
花岗岩	126.24	7.56	16.698	0.887
大理岩	129.22	6.18	20.909	0.909
红砂岩	97.79	5.31	18.416	0.897
磷矿石	106.21	5.24	20.269	0.906

表1

图1

图2

图3

图4

表2

回归模型R2和RMSE值"

评价指标	非无量纲化回归模型				无量纲化回归模型
	脆性指数1		脆性指数2		脆性指数1		脆性指数2
	F_c/kN	E_c/（10^-3J·cm^-3）	F_c/kN	E_c/（10^-3J·cm^-3）	F_c/F₀	E_c/E₀	F_c/F₀	E_c/E₀
$R 2$	0.8039	0.8695	0.7845	0.8573	0.8719	0.8490	0.8110	0.8235
$R M S E$	27.14	924.69	28.46	966.98	2.17	19.37	2.64	32.29

表2

图5

图6

表3

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影响权重	非无量纲回归模型		无量纲回归模型
影响权重	脆性指数1	脆性指数2	脆性指数1	脆性指数2
岩石性质	0.459	0.450	0.461	0.452
受限应力条件	0.541	0.550	0.539	0.548

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