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黄金科学技术 ›› 2021, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (1): 155-163.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2021.01.115

• 采选技术与矿山管理 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于改进熵权法—未确知测度模型的黄金洞尾矿库综合安全评价

石勇(),史秀志(),丁文智   

  1. 中南大学资源与安全工程学院,湖南 长沙 410083
  • 收稿日期:2020-06-24 修回日期:2020-11-20 出版日期:2021-02-28 发布日期:2021-03-22
  • 通讯作者: 史秀志 E-mail:stoney3511_csu@126.com;baopo@csu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:石勇(1996-),男,江西南昌人,硕士研究生,从事微震预警和安全评价研究工作。stoney3511_csu@126.com

Comprehensive Safety Evaluation of Huangjindong Tailing Pond Based on Improved Entropy Weight Method-Unascertained Measure Model

Yong SHI(),Xiuzhi SHI(),Wenzhi DING   

  1. School of Resources and Safety Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410083,Hunan,China
  • Received:2020-06-24 Revised:2020-11-20 Online:2021-02-28 Published:2021-03-22
  • Contact: Xiuzhi SHI E-mail:stoney3511_csu@126.com;baopo@csu.edu.cn

摘要:

针对尾矿库安全评价中存在的不确定性问题,以黄金洞尾矿库为例,引入未确知测度理论,分析评价对象与评价指标之间的关系,建立一个包含5个影响因素和18个影响因子的尾矿库综合安全指标评价体系,结合基于层次分析法—熵权法综合确定指标权重,构建基于改进熵权法—未确知测度模型。根据该模型的指标评价体系和分级模式确定指标测度函数,代入各指标实测值,得出多指标综合测度向量,并借助置信度识别准则准确判定尾矿库安全等级和各指标未确知测度重要度。结果表明:黄金洞尾矿库安全等级为Ⅱ级,尾矿库处于较安全状态。经比较,指标测度重要度从大到小为地基沉陷(B3)>洪水漫顶(B1)>安全管理(B4)>坝体溃坝(B2)>自然因素(B5),可知地基沉陷对尾矿库安全影响程度最大,应加强对地基沉陷的管理。基于改进熵权法—未确知测度模型得到的评价结果与实际结果相吻合,为尾矿库安全性评价提供了一种可行的方法。

关键词: 尾矿库, 改进熵权法, 未确知测度, 安全评价, 置信度识别准则, 测度函数

Abstract:

In recent years,the state has strict requirements on the safety production of mining enterprises.The safety problem has become one of the most important problems of each mining enterprise.Tailings pond is an indispensable part in the production process of mining enterprises,so the safety of tailing pond is closely connected with the local development.The dam break of tailing pond will cause great loss and serious damage to local environment and economic development,and even endanger people’s lives.By evaluating the safety of tailings pond reasonably,the safety accident of tailings pond can be avoided effectively,so as to ensure the normal safety production of mining enterprises.The evaluation of tailings ponds is characterized by uncertainty,complexity and variability,and there are many indexes factors affecting the safety of tailings ponds.The information conveyed by most of the influencing factors is of significant uncertainty and randomness,which makes the safety evaluation of tailings ponds a complex and changeable problem filled with many uncertain factors.Aiming at the problem of uncertainty in safety evaluation of tailings pond,the theory of unascertained measure was introduced to analyze the relationship between the evaluation object and the evaluation indexes.Taking the Huangjindong tailings pond as an example,by selecting 18 influencing factors,a comprehensive safety index evaluation system of tailings pond containing 5 types of influencing factors and 18 influencing factors was established.The comprehensive weight of indexes was determined by combining the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)-entropy weight method,and an unascertained measure model based on the improved entropy weight method was constructed.By quantifying qualitative factors,this model eliminates the differences among factors,improves the problem that the subjective and objective weights have small differences and cause the evaluation results to change greatly,and weakens the influence of weight values on the evaluation results.At the same time,the index measure function is determined according to the index evaluation system and classification mode of the model,and the measured value of each index is substituted into it to obtain the comprehensive measure vector of multiple indexes,and the safety level of tailings pond and the importance of unascertained measure of each index are accurately determined by the confidence recognition criterion.Results show that the security level of Huangjindong gold tailings is Ⅱ level,means the tailings is in a safe state.By comparing,the importance level of indicator measure from high to low is foundation subsidence(B3),flood top(B1),safety management(B4),dam break(B2),natural factor(B5).That means foundation subsidence has the greatest impact on the safety of tailing pond,it is necessary to strengthen management of ground subsidence.The evaluation results based on the improved entropy weight method-unascertained measure model are consistent with the actual results,which provides a feasible method for the safety evaluation of tailings pond.

Key words: tailing pond, improved entropy method, unascertained measure, safety evaluation, confidence recognition criterion, measure function

中图分类号: 

  • X936

图1

尾矿库安全评价计算流程图"

图2

尾矿库安全评价体系"

表2

安全等级的划分"

安全等级分数安全状态安全等级分数安全状态
Ⅰ级75~100安全Ⅲ级25~50较不安全
Ⅱ级50~75较安全Ⅳ级0~25不安全

表3

各指标权重系数"

影响指标AHP法权重系数熵权法权重系数组合权重
C110.06110.20290.1490
C120.02330.05790.0448
C130.01330.07120.0492
C210.02160.09640.0680
C220.04940.00420.0214
C230.11300.00750.0476
C310.06030.01710.0335
C320.09320.05560.0699
C330.01640.09240.0635
C340.04380.25520.1749
C350.03450.03190.0329
C360.02660.02490.0255
C410.17010.00680.0689
C420.07430.02330.0427
C430.06490.00850.0299
C510.04170.01320.0240
C520.06620.02420.0402
C530.02630.00680.0141

表4

定量指标分级"

指标Ⅰ级(安全)Ⅱ级(较安全)Ⅲ级(较不安全)Ⅳ级(不安全)
坝体高度/m<3030~6060~100>100
库容量/(×104 m3<100100~500500~1 000>1 000
日最大降雨量/mm<5050~7070~90>90
坝体位移坡比<0.40.4~0.60.6~0.8>0.8
最小干滩长度/m>10070~10040~70<40
裂隙度/%<1010~2020~30>30
地下水状态/(L·10 m·min-1<3030~6060~100>100
地下空区<1.01.0~1.21.2~2.0>2.0
渗透系数/(m·昼夜-1<0.010.01~1.001~10>10
抗震系数>0.70.5~0.70.3~0.5<0.3
泄洪系数<0.30.3~0.50.5~0.7>0.7
尾矿堆存容量/(t·m-3>1.50.8~1.50.1~0.8<0.1

表5

定性指标分级"

指标Ⅰ级(安全)Ⅱ级(较安全)Ⅲ级(较不安全)Ⅳ级(不安全)
管理制度建立健全尾矿库安全管理制度尾矿库安全管理制度比较健全尾矿库安全管理制度不够健全没有建立尾矿库安全管理制度
紧急预案紧急预案完善紧急预案较完善紧急预案不完善没有紧急预案
安全监测安全监测严格安全监测较严格安全监测不到位没有安全监测
地震没有发生地震有地震,强度轻微地震强度较强烈地震强度强烈
白蚁没有白蚁较少白蚁白蚁较多出现白蚁群

表6

单向指标评价的得分值"

单向评价指标得分单向评价指标得分
坝体高度C1145.25抗震系数C3460.25
库容量C1278.50泄洪系数C3582.50
日最大降雨量C1374.00尾矿堆存容量C3683.50
坝体位移坡比C2147.50管理制度C4181.00
最小干滩长度C2277.55紧急预案C4284.25
裂隙度C2378.75安全监测C4384.75
地下水状态C3183.00地震C5184.00
地下空区C3262.50白蚁C5279.50
渗透系数C3383.75其他影响因素C5382.25

图3

未确知测度函数"

表7

影响因素的未确知测度重要度"

准则层C1C2C3C4重要度排序
B100.0670.0910.0852
B200.0600.0430.0344
B30.0350.1210.2130.0321
B40.0240.117003
B50.0090.0660.00405

表8

不同模型安全等级的比较"

评价模型安全等级安全状态
熵权法—未确知测度模型Ⅱ级较安全
变权综合权重Ⅱ级较安全
模糊多元联系度Ⅱ级较安全
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