甘肃洛坝铅锌矿选矿流程考察与优化

doi:10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2019.05.696

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

我国铅锌矿产资源丰富，但其自然禀赋差且矿物组成复杂，导致其综合回收利用难度大。甘肃洛坝铅锌矿是一座含铅锌且伴生有少量银、硫的泥岩—细碎屑岩型铅锌矿床，因其矿石性质复杂，较早期形成的矿石性质发生明显变化，导致铅锌分选指标及精矿质量下降。为解决现有选矿生产过程中存在的问题，寻找适宜的改进措施和方法，以提高铅锌资源综合利用效率，在研究矿石性质的基础上开展了详细的工艺流程考察。研究结果表明：矿石中碳质、硅质等脉石矿物含量升高，碎磨过程易于泥化，且吸附性能和可浮性好，这些是影响铅锌分选指标的主要因素；通过优化碎磨工艺参数，减少了碳质、硅质等脉石矿物的泥化程度；在浮选工艺中添加适宜抑制剂，并采用高选择性的铅、锌矿物捕收剂，可显著提高铅、锌精矿品位和质量，大幅提高铅、锌回收率，从而实现该复杂含碳低品位铅锌资源的高效综合回收，并为同类矿产资源的选矿回收提供参考依据。

关键词: 铅锌硫化矿, 流程考察, 磨矿分级, 工艺优化, 细粒浮选, 高效回收

Abstract:

The lead and zinc mineral resources are very abundance in China，but the lead-zinc metal quantity is much short for further mining.The resources are not of natural endowment，with difficulty of utilization.Type of lead-zinc deposit is variety and associated elements are rich.Sulfide minerals have similar interface properties and are difficult to separate.Widespread as the occurrence of resource is，the ores are mostly very low-grade，complexity of multi-components and difficult of separation.All of this up make it difficult to recover such resources efficiently and comprehensively.It is necessary to carry out systematic process optimization and technical research in order to improve the comprehensive utilization.The Luoba lead-zinc deposit in Gansu Province is a mudstone-fine clastic lead-zinc deposit，associated with a small amount of silver and sulfur.With the long-term exploitation and utilization，the valuable metal content of lead and zinc in the ore decreases，while the content of carbonaceous and siliceous minerals increases，which brings great interference to the separation and recovery of lead and zinc.There are some problems in lead and zinc concentrate production，such as lead concentrate grade decrease，zinc concentrate containing excessive silicon.As a result，the present mineral processing technology and reagent system can’t adapt to the change of ore properties well.Therefore，a systematic process optimization and technical research should be carried out to find out the quality decline of concentrate and the possible problems in the process of concentration，and to explore the difficulties and physical factors in the recovery of lead and zinc flotation，so as to improve the comprehensive utilization level of resources.On the basis of detailed understanding of mineral processing technology and production status，an overall processing flowsheet investigation was conducted.It has been studied that the technical parameters and production conditions of each operation of grinding and floating process.Then the distribution of useful and harmful elements was identified.The problems existing in the production process were analyzed，the physical factors concerning the grade and quality of lead and zinc concentrate were proved.Then put forward a specific improvement program in order to optimize the existing process and technical conditions，and to provide a high efficiency foundation for carbolic lead-zinc resources recovery.The results show that the carbonaceous minerals，such as aphanitic graphite，are of high content in the ore.It is easy to be mud in the grinding process，and has good floatability and adsorption performance.Because of the interaction between the carbonaceous minerals and lead-zinc minerals，the adsorbing quantity of collectors for the lead-zinc minerals in slurry system was less than that of collectors without carbonaceous minerals.The carbonaceous minerals，such as aphanitic graphite，finally entered the concentrates，affecting the recovery and quality of lead and zinc minerals.High-alkali speed flotation technology，has solved the concentration recovery of lead and zinc mineral.But the content of silicon and carbon in lead and zinc concentrates is high. So，it needs to search some appropriate inhibitors in the separation process，to strengthening inhibition of zinc-sulfide minerals.At the same time，it is necessary to appropriately optimize the parameters of grinding process，to reduce the degree of argillation of the carbonaceous and siliceous gangue minerals.In order to improve the grade and quality of lead and zinc concentrate，it is necessary to find suitable collectors and reduce the viscosity of flotation foam.Through put forward a specific improvement program in order to optimize the existing process and technical conditions，and to provide a high efficiency foundation for carbolic lead-zinc resources recovery.

Key words: lead-zinc sulphide ore, process flowsheet investigation, grinding classification, process optimization, fine particles flotation, high efficiency recovery

中图分类号:

TD952

周贺鹏, 胡洁, 段朝阳, 邓攀, 钟志刚, 张永兵. 甘肃洛坝铅锌矿选矿流程考察与优化[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2019, 27(5): 696-703.

Hepeng ZHOU, Jie HU, Chaoyang DUAN, Pan DENG, Zhigang ZHONG, Yongbing ZHANG. Investigation and Optimization of Processing Flowsheet for a Luoba Lead-zinc Mine in Gansu Province[J]. Gold Science and Technology, 2019, 27(5): 696-703.

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元素及化合物名称	质量分数	元素及化合物名称	质量分数
Pb	0.717	SiO₂	49.192
Zn	2.245	K₂O	0.929
S	3.43	Na₂O	0.071
Cu	0.003	P₂O₅	0.012
Fe	12.449	As	0.028
Sb	0.001	TiO₂	0.059
Ag*	15	Cr₂O₃	0.076
In	0.033	NiO	0.002
C	6.996	ZrO₂	0.002
CaO	14.885	Ba	0.014
MgO	1.77	CeO₂	0.001
MnO	1.432	F	0.023
Al₂O₃	4.899	Cl	0.001

矿物名称	质量分数	矿物名称	质量分数
方铅矿	0.824	黄玉	0.036
车轮矿	0.002	滑石	0.005
闪锌矿	3.517	高岭石	3.086
红锌矿	0.004	绿泥石	0.198
含锌菱铁矿	0.081	铬铁矿	0.112
黄铁矿	2.576	白钛石	0.089
黄铁矿	0.004	锆石	0.003
毒砂	0.008	水铝石	0.026
辉砷镍矿	0.005	方解石	20.311
银黝铜矿	0.002	白云石	1.025
石英	37.091	菱铁矿	11.560
长石	0.166	铁白云石	10.321
白云母	8.048	重晶石	0.023
黑云母	0.314	磷辉石	0.023
钙铝榴石	0.058	萤石	0.032
硅灰石	0.016	其他	0.428

产品名称	产率	品位/%			回收率/%
产品名称	产率	Pb	Zn	SiO₂	Pb	Zn	SiO₂
铅精矿	0.85	48.43	4.43	3.91	79.37	1.58	0.10
锌精矿	4.05	0.77	52.18	4.43	6.00	88.47	0.47
尾矿	95.10	0.08	0.25	39.60	14.63	9.95	99.43
原矿	100.00	0.52	2.39	37.87	100.00	100.00	100.00

产品名称	粒级/μm	产率/%	品位/%			分布率/%
产品名称	粒级/μm	产率/%	Pb	Zn	SiO₂	Pb	Zn	SiO₂
磨机排矿	+74	56.07	0.26	2.52	40.47	25.69	53.55	59.81
	-74	43.93	0.96	2.79	34.71	74.31	46.45	40.19
	合计	100.00				100.00	100.00	100.00
分级返砂	+74	90.68	0.81	2.95	36.54	77.49	89.47	91.67
	-74	9.32	2.29	3.38	32.31	22.51	10.53	8.33
	合计	100.00				100.00	100.00	100.00
分级溢流	+125	19.88	0.13	2.67	39.8	4.29	20.08	21.42
	-125+74	10.79	0.13	1.3	46.97	2.33	5.31	13.73
	-74+45	14.14	0.1	3.16	37.98	2.35	16.91	14.55
	-45+38	6.31	1.02	3.33	36.2	10.68	7.95	6.18
	-38	48.88	0.99	2.69	33.34	80.35	49.75	44.12
	合计	100.00				100.00	100.00	100.00

产品名称	粒级/μm	产率/%	品位/%			分布率/%
产品名称	粒级/μm	产率/%	Pb	Zn	SiO₂	Pb	Zn	SiO₂
铅精矿	+125	3.13	56.17	7.90	4.35	3.25	5.58	3.33
	-125+74	5.39	59.42	7.35	2.65	5.93	8.94	3.49
	-74+45	15.10	68.55	5.15	1.64	19.15	17.54	6.05
	-45+38	11.74	58.28	5.84	3.29	12.66	15.47	9.44
	-38	64.63	49.36	3.60	4.92	59.01	52.48	77.69
	合计	100.00				100.00	100.00	100.00
选铅尾矿	+125	25.95	0.16	1.60	47.41	29.48	16.63	63.84
	-125+74	11.27	0.08	2.87	41.86	6.40	12.96	24.48
	-74+45	14.76	0.18	3.49	3.76	18.87	20.64	2.88
	-45+38	4.35	0.16	3.56	3.68	4.94	6.20	0.83
	-38	43.68	0.13	2.49	3.52	40.32	43.57	7.98
	合计	100.00				100.00	100.00	100.00
锌精矿	+125	13.18	0.85	52.78	6.72	20.33	13.343	16.805
	-125+74	13.32	0.65	53.03	4.49	15.71	13.545	11.344
	-74+45	19.79	0.32	53.11	3.87	11.49	20.157	14.529
	-45+38	6.97	0.26	53.59	4.25	3.29	7.162	5.619
	-38	46.74	0.58	51.08	5.83	49.19	45.793	51.702
	合计	100.00				100.00	100.00	100.00
总尾矿	+125	15.49	0.10	0.10	48.02	15.51	9.87	18.70
	-125+74	10.00	0.16	0.15	41.63	16.01	9.56	10.47
	-74+45	15.52	0.13	0.13	41.21	20.21	12.86	16.09
	-45+38	5.04	0.10	0.18	41.31	5.05	5.78	5.24
	-38	53.96	0.08	0.18	36.48	43.22	61.92	49.51
	合计	100.00				100.00	100.00	100.00