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黄金科学技术 ›› 2019, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (5): 696-703.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2019.05.696

• 采选技术与矿山管理 • 上一篇    下一篇

甘肃洛坝铅锌矿选矿流程考察与优化

周贺鹏1,2(),胡洁1,段朝阳3,邓攀3,钟志刚1,张永兵1   

  1. 1. 江西理工大学资源与环境工程学院,江西 赣州 341000
    2. 江西省矿业工程重点实验室,江西 赣州 341000
    3. 甘肃洛坝有色金属集团有限公司,甘肃 陇南 742500
  • 收稿日期:2018-03-21 修回日期:2019-04-25 出版日期:2019-10-31 发布日期:2019-11-07
  • 作者简介:周贺鹏(1986-),男,江西吉安人,副教授,从事微细粒矿物分选理论与工艺研究工作。zhp0919@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目“含砷铜基多金属固废预脱杂与定向矿化技术”(2018YFC1901602-3);应用示范”(2018-GX-A7);青海省重点企业技术创新项目“高原高寒缺氧条件下铅锌硫化矿高浓度浮选分离技术应用”(JC-2017-37)

Investigation and Optimization of Processing Flowsheet for a Luoba Lead-zinc Mine in Gansu Province

Hepeng ZHOU1,2(),Jie HU1,Chaoyang DUAN3,Pan DENG3,Zhigang ZHONG1,Yongbing ZHANG1   

  1. 1. Faculty of Resource and Environmental Engineering,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,Ganzhou 341000,Jiangxi,China
    2. Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Mining Engineering,Ganzhou 341000,Jiangxi,China
    3. Gansu Luoba Nonferrous Metal Group Co. ,Ltd. ,Longnan 742500,Gansu,China
  • Received:2018-03-21 Revised:2019-04-25 Online:2019-10-31 Published:2019-11-07

摘要:

我国铅锌矿产资源丰富,但其自然禀赋差且矿物组成复杂,导致其综合回收利用难度大。甘肃洛坝铅锌矿是一座含铅锌且伴生有少量银、硫的泥岩—细碎屑岩型铅锌矿床,因其矿石性质复杂,较早期形成的矿石性质发生明显变化,导致铅锌分选指标及精矿质量下降。为解决现有选矿生产过程中存在的问题,寻找适宜的改进措施和方法,以提高铅锌资源综合利用效率,在研究矿石性质的基础上开展了详细的工艺流程考察。研究结果表明:矿石中碳质、硅质等脉石矿物含量升高,碎磨过程易于泥化,且吸附性能和可浮性好,这些是影响铅锌分选指标的主要因素;通过优化碎磨工艺参数,减少了碳质、硅质等脉石矿物的泥化程度;在浮选工艺中添加适宜抑制剂,并采用高选择性的铅、锌矿物捕收剂,可显著提高铅、锌精矿品位和质量,大幅提高铅、锌回收率,从而实现该复杂含碳低品位铅锌资源的高效综合回收,并为同类矿产资源的选矿回收提供参考依据。

关键词: 铅锌硫化矿, 流程考察, 磨矿分级, 工艺优化, 细粒浮选, 高效回收

Abstract:

The lead and zinc mineral resources are very abundance in China,but the lead-zinc metal quantity is much short for further mining.The resources are not of natural endowment,with difficulty of utilization.Type of lead-zinc deposit is variety and associated elements are rich.Sulfide minerals have similar interface properties and are difficult to separate.Widespread as the occurrence of resource is,the ores are mostly very low-grade,complexity of multi-components and difficult of separation.All of this up make it difficult to recover such resources efficiently and comprehensively.It is necessary to carry out systematic process optimization and technical research in order to improve the comprehensive utilization.The Luoba lead-zinc deposit in Gansu Province is a mudstone-fine clastic lead-zinc deposit,associated with a small amount of silver and sulfur.With the long-term exploitation and utilization,the valuable metal content of lead and zinc in the ore decreases,while the content of carbonaceous and siliceous minerals increases,which brings great interference to the separation and recovery of lead and zinc.There are some problems in lead and zinc concentrate production,such as lead concentrate grade decrease,zinc concentrate containing excessive silicon.As a result,the present mineral processing technology and reagent system can’t adapt to the change of ore properties well.Therefore,a systematic process optimization and technical research should be carried out to find out the quality decline of concentrate and the possible problems in the process of concentration,and to explore the difficulties and physical factors in the recovery of lead and zinc flotation,so as to improve the comprehensive utilization level of resources.On the basis of detailed understanding of mineral processing technology and production status,an overall processing flowsheet investigation was conducted.It has been studied that the technical parameters and production conditions of each operation of grinding and floating process.Then the distribution of useful and harmful elements was identified.The problems existing in the production process were analyzed,the physical factors concerning the grade and quality of lead and zinc concentrate were proved.Then put forward a specific improvement program in order to optimize the existing process and technical conditions,and to provide a high efficiency foundation for carbolic lead-zinc resources recovery.The results show that the carbonaceous minerals,such as aphanitic graphite,are of high content in the ore.It is easy to be mud in the grinding process,and has good floatability and adsorption performance.Because of the interaction between the carbonaceous minerals and lead-zinc minerals,the adsorbing quantity of collectors for the lead-zinc minerals in slurry system was less than that of collectors without carbonaceous minerals.The carbonaceous minerals,such as aphanitic graphite,finally entered the concentrates,affecting the recovery and quality of lead and zinc minerals.High-alkali speed flotation technology,has solved the concentration recovery of lead and zinc mineral.But the content of silicon and carbon in lead and zinc concentrates is high. So,it needs to search some appropriate inhibitors in the separation process,to strengthening inhibition of zinc-sulfide minerals.At the same time,it is necessary to appropriately optimize the parameters of grinding process,to reduce the degree of argillation of the carbonaceous and siliceous gangue minerals.In order to improve the grade and quality of lead and zinc concentrate,it is necessary to find suitable collectors and reduce the viscosity of flotation foam.Through put forward a specific improvement program in order to optimize the existing process and technical conditions,and to provide a high efficiency foundation for carbolic lead-zinc resources recovery.

Key words: lead-zinc sulphide ore, process flowsheet investigation, grinding classification, process optimization, fine particles flotation, high efficiency recovery

中图分类号: 

  • TD952

表1

原矿试样化学多元素分析结果"

元素及化合物名称质量分数元素及化合物名称质量分数
Pb0.717SiO249.192
Zn2.245K2O0.929
S3.43Na2O0.071
Cu0.003P2O50.012
Fe12.449As0.028
Sb0.001TiO20.059
Ag*15Cr2O30.076
In0.033NiO0.002
C6.996ZrO20.002
CaO14.885Ba0.014
MgO1.77CeO20.001
MnO1.432F0.023
Al2O34.899Cl0.001

表2

试样矿物组成及含量分析"

矿物名称质量分数矿物名称质量分数
方铅矿0.824黄玉0.036
车轮矿0.002滑石0.005
闪锌矿3.517高岭石3.086
红锌矿0.004绿泥石0.198
含锌菱铁矿0.081铬铁矿0.112
黄铁矿2.576白钛石0.089
黄铁矿0.004锆石0.003
毒砂0.008水铝石0.026
辉砷镍矿0.005方解石20.311
银黝铜矿0.002白云石1.025
石英37.091菱铁矿11.560
长石0.166铁白云石10.321
白云母8.048重晶石0.023
黑云母0.314磷辉石0.023
钙铝榴石0.058萤石0.032
硅灰石0.016其他0.428

图1

选厂选矿工艺流程图"

表3

选矿产品品位与回收率分析结果"

产品名称产率品位/%回收率/%
PbZnSiO2PbZnSiO2
铅精矿0.8548.434.433.9179.371.580.10
锌精矿4.050.7752.184.436.0088.470.47
尾矿95.100.080.2539.6014.639.9599.43
原矿100.000.522.3937.87100.00100.00100.00

表4

磨矿分级作业粒度组成"

产品名称粒级/μm产率/%品位/%分布率/%
PbZnSiO2PbZnSiO2
磨机排矿+7456.070.262.5240.4725.6953.5559.81
-7443.930.962.7934.7174.3146.4540.19
合计100.00100.00100.00100.00
分级返砂+7490.680.812.9536.5477.4989.4791.67
-749.322.293.3832.3122.5110.538.33
合计100.00100.00100.00100.00
分级溢流+12519.880.132.6739.84.2920.0821.42
-125+7410.790.131.346.972.335.3113.73
-74+4514.140.13.1637.982.3516.9114.55
-45+386.311.023.3336.210.687.956.18
-3848.880.992.6933.3480.3549.7544.12
合计100.00100.00100.00100.00

表5

选矿产品粒度组成"

产品名称粒级/μm产率/%品位/%分布率/%
PbZnSiO2PbZnSiO2
铅精矿+1253.1356.177.904.353.255.583.33
-125+745.3959.427.352.655.938.943.49
-74+4515.1068.555.151.6419.1517.546.05
-45+3811.7458.285.843.2912.6615.479.44
-3864.6349.363.604.9259.0152.4877.69
合计100.00100.00100.00100.00
选铅尾矿+12525.950.161.6047.4129.4816.6363.84
-125+7411.270.082.8741.866.4012.9624.48
-74+4514.760.183.493.7618.8720.642.88
-45+384.350.163.563.684.946.200.83
-3843.680.132.493.5240.3243.577.98
合计100.00100.00100.00100.00
锌精矿+12513.180.8552.786.7220.3313.34316.805
-125+7413.320.6553.034.4915.7113.54511.344
-74+4519.790.3253.113.8711.4920.15714.529
-45+386.970.2653.594.253.297.1625.619
-3846.740.5851.085.8349.1945.79351.702
合计100.00100.00100.00100.00
总尾矿+12515.490.100.1048.0215.519.8718.70
-125+7410.000.160.1541.6316.019.5610.47
-74+4515.520.130.1341.2120.2112.8616.09
-45+385.040.100.1841.315.055.785.24
-3853.960.080.1836.4843.2261.9249.51
合计100.00100.00100.00100.00
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