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黄金科学技术 ›› 2021, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (6): 908-916.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2021.06.058

• 采选技术与矿山管理 • 上一篇    

老挝巴勉石英脉型金矿石工艺矿物学研究

郭彩莲(),牛芳银,陈炳龙,王海军   

  1. 西安西北有色地质研究院有限公司,陕西 西安 710054
  • 收稿日期:2020-03-11 修回日期:2021-01-07 出版日期:2021-12-31 发布日期:2022-03-07
  • 作者简介:郭彩莲(1985-),女,青海海东人,高级工程师,从事岩石矿物学和工艺矿物学研究工作。525510116@qq.com

Process Mineralogy of Quartz Vein Gold Ore in Bamian,Laos

Cailian GUO(),Fangyin NIU,Binglong CHEN,Haijun WANG   

  1. Xi’an Northwest Geological Institute of Nonferrous Metals,Xi’an 710054,Shaanxi,China
  • Received:2020-03-11 Revised:2021-01-07 Online:2021-12-31 Published:2022-03-07

摘要:

为了查清老挝巴勉石英脉型金矿石中Au元素赋存状态,采用化学多元素分析、显微镜鉴定、MLA矿物参数自动分析系统、扫描电镜和能谱分析等方法对金矿石的化学成分、矿石结构构造、矿物组成和自然金赋存状态等工艺矿物学参数进行了详细研究。结果表明:老挝巴勉金矿石类型属于少硫化物石英脉型金矿石,非金属矿物主要为石英和斜长石,其次为绢云母、方解石和绿泥石;金属矿物主要为毒砂、黄铁矿和褐铁矿,含金矿物主要为自然金,自然金平均成色达905.09‰;自然金赋存状态以裂隙金为主,其次为粒间金(裂隙金和粒间金的总和为93.00%),包裹金很少;自然金粒度以中—细粒明金为主;载金矿物主要为毒砂,其次为黄铁矿、闪锌矿和石英。金的赋存状态表明:自然金易解离,采用重选—浮选联合流程,在 -0.074 mm含量占75%的磨矿细度下,可以获得金总回收率95.54%的选别指标。

关键词: 石英脉型金矿石, 自然金, 赋存状态, 嵌布特征, 工艺矿物学, 老挝

Abstract:

The technological type of ore in Bamian,Laos is low sulfide and quartz vein gold ore among which the main recycled element is gold with the grade of 42×10-6.The process mineralogy of gold ore was researched by microscope identification,SEM observation,MLA analysis,EDS analysis and multi-element chemical analysis.In order to find out the occurrence state of gold and provide process mineralogy data support and theoretical basis for the subsequent process design of beneficiation.The results show that:(1)The precious metal mineral is natural gold,which is the main recovered element.The main non-metallic minerals are quartz and plagioclase,the main metallic minerals are pyrite and arsenopyrite,followed by sphalerite.(2)A total of 165 natural gold particles were found in the ore,and the gold minerals are mainly natural gold which average purity is 905.09‰.The shape of natural gold is complex,mainly for the horn-granular and long-granular.The grain size of natural gold is coarser,which included 79.84% of visible gold,and 20.16% of micro gold.(3)The occurrence types of gold included 52.67% of fissure gold,40.33% of intergranular gold and 7.00% inclusion gold.(4)The main gold bearing minerals are arsenopyrite,pyrite,sphalerite,quartz and tourmaline,which closely symbiosis.The occurrence state of gold shows that the main natural gold is fissure gold and intergranular gold,the total of which is 93.00%.Moreover,the granularity of fissure gold and intergranular gold is relatively coarse.Usually the gold in this ore is easy to liberate.The arsenic in gold concentrage will exceed the standard because of the arsenopyrite is the main gold bearing mineral and arsenic bearing mineral. Through the unite gravity-flotation separation process,the gold recovery can reach to 95.5% under the grinding fineness of -0.074 mm 75%.The results of this study have found out the occurrence state of gold,filled in the blank of process mineralogy of quartz vein type gold ore and provided the basis for the process design of beneficiation.

Key words: quartz vein type gold ore, natural gold, occurrence state, embedded characteristics, process mineralogy, Laos

中图分类号: 

  • TD953

表1

老挝巴勉金矿石化学成分"

成分含量/%成分含量/%
SiO269.12S0.36
Al2O310.66Cu0.0039
TFe2.80Pb0.0015
TiO20.19Zn0.0064
K2O0.86Co0.0015
Na2O3.70As0.057
CaO2.24Au*0.42
MgO0.61Ag*0.057

表2

金矿石矿物组成及含量"

矿物组成含量/%矿物组成含量/%
石英53.66黄铁矿0.60
斜长石30.27毒砂0.15
绢云母7.30闪锌矿<0.01
方解石4.55黄铜矿少见
绿泥石2.92方铅矿少见
电气石1.15褐铁矿少见
榍石0.15自然金微量
铁白云石少量

图1

石英脉型金矿石结构构造显微照片(a)毒砂、黄铁矿呈他形粒状,呈浸染状分布,普遍具破碎现象;(b)毒砂、闪锌矿呈他形粒状,个别毒砂呈半自形,自然金呈角粒状分布于毒砂、闪锌矿粒间;(c)毒砂、黄铁矿紧密共生,呈浸染状分布,与自然金关系密切;(d)自然金呈角粒状,包裹于石英中,其次与闪锌矿密切连生;(e)自然金呈角粒状包裹于石英中形成包含结构;(f)石英脉破碎强烈形成碎裂结构;(g)细粒黄铁矿、毒砂呈稀疏浸染状分布;(h)构造破碎强烈处,电气石呈细粒集合体呈脉状充填,形成角砾状构造;Apy-毒砂;Py-黄铁矿;Sp-闪锌矿;Gl-自然金;Qtz-石英;Ser-绢云母;Tur-电气石注:(a),(b),(c),(e)为反光显微镜下照片;(d)为扫描电镜背散射图像;(f),(g),(h)为正交偏光显微镜下照片"

表3

金物相分析"

相别含量/(×10-6占有率/%
合计44.81100
裸露半裸露金44.0098.19
硫化物包裹金0.230.51
硅酸盐包裹金0.160.36
碳酸盐包裹金0.240.54
赤褐铁包裹金0.180.4

表4

金矿物X射线能谱分析"

序号AgAu成色/‰赋存状态
平均值9.4990.51905.1
18.7691.24912.4岩石裂隙
28.6991.31913.1毒砂裂隙
311.8288.18881.8毒砂粒间
49.0490.96909.6毒砂—石英粒间
59.1890.82908.2闪锌矿—石英粒间
69.1990.81908.1闪锌矿—黄铁矿粒间
710.3089.70897.0方铅矿—石英粒间
89.2390.77907.7包裹于石英中
99.3490.66906.6包裹于毒砂中
109.3890.62906.2包裹于黄铁矿中

图2

自然金能谱分析图"

表5

自然金形态统计"

序号延展率

形态

特征

粒数统计
颗粒数形态分数/%
11.0~1.5角粒状7042.42
尖角粒状1810.91
次圆—浑圆粒状148.48
21.5~3.0长角粒状4728.48
麦粒状31.82
33.0~5.0板片状53.03
叶片状42.42
41.5~5.0枝杈状42.42

表6

自然金的粒度统计及赋存状态"

粒级范围/mm粒级相对含量/%累计含量 /%
裂隙金粒间金包裹金
合计52.6740.337.00100.00
0.074~0.037

中粒金

细粒金

19.7513.170.00

32.92

46.92

0.037~0.01023.0521.402.47
≤0.010微粒金9.875.764.5320.16

图3

自然金赋存状态及其与载金矿物之间的关系(a)自然金位于岩石裂隙,或与毒砂连生位于裂隙;(b)自然金位于岩石裂隙,或与黄铁矿连生位于裂隙;(c)自然金位于闪锌矿—黄铁矿粒间,或包裹于黄铁矿中;(d)自然金位于毒砂裂隙;(e)自然金位于闪锌矿—毒砂粒间,闪锌矿、毒砂—石英粒间;(f)自然金位于毒砂—石英粒间;(g)自然金包裹于石英中,或位于石英—电气石粒间;(h)自然金包裹于毒砂中;Gl-自然金;Apy-毒砂;Py-黄铁矿;Sp-闪锌矿;Qtz-石英;Tur-电气石(a),(b),(e)为反光显微镜下照片;(c),(d),(f),(g),(h)为扫描电镜背散射图像"

图4

摇床重选—浮选联合闭路试验流程"

表7

摇床重选—浮选联合流程闭路试验结果"

产品名称产率/%金品位/(×10-6金回收率/%
合计100.0038.10100.00
精矿11.871 65681.20
精矿21.6632914.34
精矿合计3.531 03195.54
尾矿96.471.764.46
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