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黄金科学技术 ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (5): 797-808.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2022.05.056

• 冶炼技术与装备研发 • 上一篇    

吸附法去除水中氰化物的研究进展

聂祖明1(),田俊华1,吴忠仙1,韩培伟2,3,闫敬民2(),叶树峰2,3   

  1. 1.鹤庆北衙矿业有限公司,云南 大理 671507
    2.中国科学院过程工程研究所多相复杂系统国家重点实验室,北京 100190
    3.中国科学院绿色制造创新研究院,北京 100190
  • 收稿日期:2022-04-22 修回日期:2022-06-22 出版日期:2022-10-31 发布日期:2022-12-10
  • 通讯作者: 闫敬民 E-mail:610751008@qq.com;18813095233@163.com
  • 作者简介:聂祖明(1987-),男,云南保山人,工程师,从事贵金属选冶工艺与技术管理研究工作。610751008@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    “十三五”国家重点研发计划“毒害元素资源化与无害化安全处置技术及装备”(2019YFC1908405);中国科学院绿色过程制造创新研究院自主部署项目“含金硫酸渣高温氯化技术产业化示范”(IAGM-2019A05)

Research Progress on Removal of Cyanide in Water by Adsorption

Zuming NIE1(),Junhua TIAN1,Zhongxian WU1,Peiwei HAN2,3,Jingmin YAN2(),Shufeng YE2,3   

  1. 1.Heqingbeiya Mining Co. , Ltd. , Dali 671507, Yunnan, China
    2.State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
    3.Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
  • Received:2022-04-22 Revised:2022-06-22 Online:2022-10-31 Published:2022-12-10
  • Contact: Jingmin YAN E-mail:610751008@qq.com;18813095233@163.com

摘要:

含氰废水中的氰化物是一种剧毒物质,其泄漏会造成水体和土壤污染,损害人体健康。吸附法因具有简单、高效和经济等优点而被广泛应用于含氰废水的处理。综述了水处理领域应用较为广泛的氰化物吸附材料,主要包括炭质吸附材料、矿物材料、树脂材料和新型微纳米材料等,并比较了不同吸附材料处理含氰废水的优缺点。同时,对不同吸附剂吸附氰化物的性能和机理进行了讨论。结果表明:吸附剂对氰化物的吸附过程大多符合拟二级动力学,氰化物吸附速率主要受化学吸附机理的控制。未来的主要研究方向是进一步开发选择性高、吸附容量大、解吸系数小、可循环使用、易于回收且无二次污染的新型吸附材料。研究结果可为氰化物吸附材料的开发与应用提供参考。

关键词: 氰化物, 吸附材料, 吸附机理, 废水处理, 炭质材料, 微纳米材料

Abstract:

Cyanide in cyanide-containing wastewater is a highly toxic substance.Leakage of cyanide-containing wastewater into the environment will cause environmental pollution of water and soil and damage human health.cyanide into the organism will release cyanide ion (CN-),which will combine with the ferric iron oxidase in the mitochondria of cells,inhibit the reduction of ferric iron,hinder the normal respiration of cells,make cells lose the function of oxygen transfer,resulting in tissue hypoxia,leading to biological asphyxia and death. China has formulated strict standards for the discharge of cyanide wastewater.Therefore,it is necessary to carry out harmless treatment of cyanide-containing wastewater.Adsorption method is widely used in the treatment of cyanide-containing wastewater due to its advantages of simplicity,efficiency and economy.The widely used cyanide adsorption materials in the field of water treatment were reviewed,including carbonaceous adsorption materials,mineral materials,resin materials and new micro/nano materials,etc.The advantages and disadvantages of different adsorption materials in treating cyanide wastewater were compared.At the same time,the adsorption performance and mechanism of different adsorbents were discussed,mainly including the specific surface area of ??adsorbent materials,the treatment depth of cyanide,adsorption capacity,adsorption thermodynamics and kinetics.Adsorption mechanisms such as physical adsorption,chemical bonding,electrostatic attraction and ion exchange all occur in the adsorption of cyanide by adsorbent materials,such as activated carbon,zeolite,bentonite and other materials with rich pore structure for physical adsorption of cyanide.Metallic elements such as Cu,Zn,Fe and other metal elements in adsorbent materials can form metal complex cyanide chemical bond with CN- in the solution.The anion in the ion exchange resin,quaternary ammonium salt or nitrate modified material can occur ion exchange with cyanide.The research directions of cyanide adsorption materials in the future are prospected to provide reference for the development and application of cyanide adsorption materials,such as further development of easy access,large adsorption capacity,small desorption coefficient,recyclable,easy to recover,green and environmental protection,no secondary pollution,high selectivity adsorption materials.

Key words: cyanide, adsorption material, adsorption mechanism, wastewater treatment, carbonaceous materials, micronanomaterials

中图分类号: 

  • X703

表1

不同材料对氰化物的吸附能力和作用机理"

吸附材料

比表面积

/(m2·g-1

氰化物氰化物浓度/(mg·L-1

最大吸附容量

/(mg·g-1

吸附等温

模型

吸附

动力学

吸附机理文献来源
处理前处理后
颗粒活性炭506.3Hg(CN)21.00.190.14Freundlich

拟二级

动力学

物理吸附、化学吸附、离子交换

Aliprandini

et al.,2020

Cu2+改性活性炭-CN-2600.522.0Langmuir-配体交换张明祖等,2008
絮凝剂改性活性炭-CN-28.70.287-Langmuir-静电吸引牟淑杰,2009
茶渣-CN-39.74628.970.539Langmuir二级动力学物理吸附林业星等,2015
骨炭116CN-500.5140Langmuir

拟二级

动力学

化学键作用Asgari et al.,2012

金属有机

树脂

1 651.9Pt(CN)42-;Co(CN)63-;Cu(CN)32-;Fe(CN)63-500.5285;80;90;110Langmuir

拟二级

动力学

离子交换Chen et al.,2019
MOR-2-QAS树脂686Pt(CN)42-;Pd(CN)42-100~2002242.6;119.3Langmuir

拟二级

动力学

离子交换Chen et al.,2021
D301树脂-Fe(CN)63-1 0006028.963Freundlich

拟二级

动力学

离子交换宋永辉等,2008
膨润土-CN-4729.44---物理吸附、化学键作用许莹,2002
高岭土-CN-5312510.67Freundlich

拟二级

动力学

物理吸附、化学

吸附

Behnamfard

et al.,2019

煅烧蛋壳-CN-1 300201.113.27Langmuir

拟二级

动力学

物理吸附Eletta et al.,2016
LTA沸石421CN-250.12531.25Langmuir

拟二级

动力学

物理吸附Noroozi et al.,2018Almusawi et al.,2018
Zr-MOFs-Pd(CN)42-102.41.8432126Langmuir

拟二级

动力学

静电吸引、阴离子交换叶群等,2020

Ni-Al

水滑石

142CN-200.14166Langmuir

拟二级

动力学

NO3-与CN-离子

交换

Srinivasravuru et al.,2019

Mg-Al

水滑石

0.51CN-37237.260Langmuir

拟二级

动力学

物理化学Alaei et al.,2020
纳米零价铁-CN-500.51277.77Langmuir

拟二级

动力学

化学键作用Tyagi et al.,2018
石墨烯-CN-2605.2483.74Langmuir

拟二级

动力学

物理吸附Shadman et al.,2021
过氧化锌-CN-0.50.00352.205Langmuir,Freundlich

拟二级

动力学

静电吸引、化学键作用Uppal et al.,2017
MOFs210.6Pd(CN)42-;Co(CN)63-;Fe(CN)63-50.10.45172.9;101.0;102.6Langmuir

拟二级

动力学

离子交换、静电吸引、范德华力Zhang et al.,2018

表2

不同氰化物吸附材料的优缺点"

吸附材料优点缺点

材料成本

/(元·t-1

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