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黄金科学技术 ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (6): 944-952.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2023.06.053

• 采选技术与矿山管理 • 上一篇    下一篇

一体化聚能水压爆破技术在软弱围岩隧道的应用

甘会莲1(),蒋新闻1,陈志伟1,乔永昕1,陈淑华1,王建国2()   

  1. 1.云南交投公路建设第六工程有限公司,云南 昆明 650100
    2.昆明理工大学国土资源工程学院,云南 昆明 650093
  • 收稿日期:2023-04-06 修回日期:2023-08-30 出版日期:2023-12-31 发布日期:2024-01-26
  • 通讯作者: 王建国 E-mail:450580851@qq.com;wangjg0831@163.com
  • 作者简介:甘会莲(1976-),女,云南昆明人,高级工程师,从事项目管理和技术开发方面的研究工作。450580851@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    2021年云南交投科技创新计划项目“高原山区高速公路隧道新型聚能水压爆破施工关键技术研究及工程示范”(YCYC-YF-2021-14);2022年云南省基础研究计划面上项目“水压爆破波衰减规律及岩石致裂机理研究”(202201AT070178)

Application of Integrated Shaped Water Pressure Blasting Technology in Soft and Weak Surrounding Rock Tunnels

Huilian GAN1(),Xinwen JIANG1,Zhiwei CHEN1,Yongxin QIAO1,Shuhua CHEN1,Jianguo WANG2()   

  1. 1.YCIC Highway Construction Sixth Co. , Ltd. , Kunming 650100, Yunnan, China
    2.Faculty of Land Resources Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China
  • Received:2023-04-06 Revised:2023-08-30 Online:2023-12-31 Published:2024-01-26
  • Contact: Jianguo WANG E-mail:450580851@qq.com;wangjg0831@163.com

摘要:

针对传统光面爆破技术在隧道Ⅳ级和Ⅴ级软弱围岩中应用时常出现的超挖和进尺率低等问题,基于聚能水压光面爆破技术的原理及应用现状,设计了一种轴向多孔聚能管,通过将管内水袋、药卷交替间隔搭配导爆索和数码电子雷管形成一体化聚能水压装药结构,并在云南勐省隧道Ⅳ级围岩区域开展了连续装药光面爆破、水袋间隔光面爆破、空气间隔光面爆破和聚能水压光面爆破4种试验。爆后使用测距仪、卷尺和标杆对循环进尺、半孔率和超欠挖等爆破技术指标进行测量。试验结果表明:前3种试验的半孔率依次为13%、45%和38%,一个循环进尺依次为3.40 m、3.50 m和3.45 m,轮廓面围岩破碎存在超欠挖现象,而采用一体化装药结构的聚能水压光面爆破后的半孔率达62%,一个循环进尺为3.60 m,试验区域轮廓线比较平整,没有明显的超欠挖现象。现场应用结果表明:新型一体化聚能水压爆破在软弱围岩隧道周边轮廓平整度控制中效果显著,在减少钻孔数量和炸药量的同时,保持了围岩的完整性,是一种环保、节能的控制爆破技术。

关键词: 光面爆破, 隧道掘进, 软弱围岩, 聚能水压爆破, 一体化装药结构

Abstract:

There are few rugged plains in southwest China,and tunnel construction plays an important role in southwest China.However,when the tunnel is excavated by blasting in grade Ⅳ and Ⅴ weak surrounding rock,the traditional continuous charge smooth blasting technology often has problems such as over-excavation,low footage rate and large fragmentation after blasting.In order to solve such problems,based on the principle and application status of shaped water pressure smooth blasting technology,an axial porous shaped charge tube was designed.The integrated shaped water pressure structure was formed by alternately arranging the water bag and cartridge in the tube with detonating cord and digital electronic detonator.Four kinds of tests were carried out in the Ⅳ surrounding rock area of Mengsheng tunnel in Yunnan Province,including continuous charge smooth blasting,water bag interval smooth blasting,air interval smooth blasting and shaped water pressure smooth blasting.In order to maintain comparability,15 holes at the vault position were selected for the four tests.The blasting effect was checked one hour after blasting,and the blasting technical indexes such as single cycle footage,half-hole rate and overbreak and underbreak were measured by using range finder,tape and benchmark.The test results show that the half-hole rates of continuous charge smooth blasting,water bag interval smooth blasting and air interval smooth blasting are 13%,45% and 38% respectively,and the footage of one cycle is 3.40 m,3.50 m and 3.45 m respectively.The surrounding rock of the contour surface is broken and there is overbreak and underbreak phenomenon,while the half-hole rate of the shaped water pressure smooth blasting with integrated charge structure is 62%.The contour of a test area with a cycle footage of 3.60 m is relatively flat,there is no obvious over-excavation phenomenon,and the gravel after blasting is small.The comparison between the control test groups verifies the superiority of the energy-gathering structure based on plastic pipe research and development.The field application shows that the new shaped water pressure blasting has a significant effect on the flatness control of the surrounding contour of the weak surrounding rock tunnel.While reducing the number of boreholes and the amount of explosives,it maintains the integrity of the surrounding rock.It is an environmentally friendly and energy-saving controlled blasting technology.

Key words: smooth blasting, tunnel excavation, weak surrounding rock, shaped water pressure blasting, integrated charging structure

中图分类号: 

  • U455.6

图1

聚能水压爆破作用原理"

表1

岩石静态力学参数"

参数名称数值
单轴抗压强度/MPa单值124.30
单值236.70
单值322.90
平均值28.00
抗拉强度/MPa单值14.61
单值24.47
单值35.07
平均值4.72
抗剪强度(直剪)黏聚力/MPa7.02
内摩擦角/(°)31.80
单轴压缩变形静弹性模量/(×104 MPa)5.55
泊松比0.20

表2

隧道掘进爆破参数"

炮孔类型炮孔深度/m炮孔个数/个炮孔间距/m孔径/mm
合计-125--
周边孔顶拱4.0150.4~0.540
周边孔左帮4.0100.4~0.540
周边孔右帮4.0100.4~0.540
内圈孔3.5300.640
辅助孔3.5360.5~0.740
掏槽孔4.5160.4~0.640
底板孔4.581.0~1.240

表3

聚能水压光面爆破参数"

参数名称数值参数名称数值
炮孔位置拱顶平均炮孔间距/mm0.7
孔径/mm50单孔药量/kg0.9
炮孔深度/m4总药量/kg13.5
炮孔个数/个15延期时间/ms950
炮孔角度/(°)90

图2

聚能水压光面爆破炮孔布置情况"

图3

释能药包辅材结构图"

表4

多孔释能管尺寸参数"

参数名称数值参数名称数值
外径/mm38.50开口高度/mm3.00
内径/mm34.50长管长度/m1.2
壁厚/mm2.00短管长度/m0.6

表5

4组对照试验主要爆破参数"

装药结构类型孔间距/m每孔药量/卷水袋/个延期时间/ms
连续装药光面爆破0.4~0.54950
水袋间隔光面爆破0.5~0.938950
空气间隔光面爆破0.5~0.94950
聚能水压光面爆破0.5~0.938950

图4

聚能水压光面爆破装药结构"

图5

水袋间隔光面爆破装药结构"

图6

空气间隔光面爆破装药结构"

图7

3种装药方式爆破效果对比"

图8

聚能水压光面爆破效果"

表6

爆破参数及技术指标对比"

爆破方案周边孔数/个循环进尺/m半孔痕数/个半孔率/%超欠挖/m装药量/kg轮廓平整度
连续装药光面爆破153.40413±0.2018.0较差
水袋间隔光面爆破153.50845±0.1013.5一般
空气间隔光面爆破153.45738±0.1518.0一般
聚能水压光面爆破153.601562基本无13.5较好
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