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黄金科学技术 ›› 2019, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (3): 350-357.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2019.03.350

• 采选技术与矿山管理 • 上一篇    

大断面隧道轮廓控制爆破技术研究与应用

李启月1(),赵新浩1(),魏新傲1,郑静2,张建秋2   

  1. 1. 中南大学资源与安全工程学院,湖南 长沙 410083
    2. 中交第一公路工程局有限公司第五公司,新疆 哈密 839000
  • 收稿日期:2018-05-22 修回日期:2018-09-20 出版日期:2019-06-30 发布日期:2019-07-09
  • 通讯作者: 赵新浩 E-mail:qyli@csu.cn;782204671@qq.com
  • 作者简介:李启月(1968-),男,湖南衡阳人,教授,从事非煤矿山采矿方法与岩土工程爆破方面的教学与研究工作。qyli@csu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目“金属矿深竖井高效掘进与成井关键技术及装备”(编号:2016YFC0600802)、“新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项”(编号:2018A03003)和“特长公路隧道机械化安全快速施工技术研究”(2018A03003-2)

Study and Application of Contour Control Blasting Technology for Large Section Tunnel

Qiyue LI1(),Xinhao ZHAO1(),Xin’ao WEI1,Jing ZHENG2,Jianqiu ZHANG2   

  1. 1. School of Resources and Safety Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410083,Hunan,China
    2. CCCC First Highway Engineering Co. ,Ltd. ,Fifth Company,Hami 839000,Xinjiang,China
  • Received:2018-05-22 Revised:2018-09-20 Online:2019-06-30 Published:2019-07-09
  • Contact: Xinhao ZHAO E-mail:qyli@csu.cn;782204671@qq.com

摘要:

预留光面爆破层全断面一次爆破技术和导爆索三角形搭接起爆周边孔技术是控制大断面隧道轮廓成形效果的有效手段。介绍并对比研究了这2种爆破模式,给出相应的工程应用条件;分析了预留光面爆破层全断面一次爆破技术优势,给出预留光爆层爆破参数计算公式;分析了导爆索三角形搭接传爆机制,对传爆时间进行理论计算,结果显示该搭接方式可以在5 ms内将起爆信号传至整个爆破网路、相邻炮孔最大起爆时差小于1 ms。以东天山隧道工程为背景,对2种爆破模式进行现场试验,结果表明2种模式均可有效控制开挖断面轮廓,提高炮孔痕迹率,降低超挖量。2种模式的适用条件分别为:Ⅳ级围岩较好情况下及Ⅲ级围岩以上可应用预留光面爆破层全断面一次爆破技术,Ⅳ级围岩较差情况下乃至Ⅴ级围岩可应用导爆索三角形搭接起爆周边孔技术。

关键词: 大断面隧道, 预留光爆层, 导爆索三角形搭接, 轮廓控制技术, 光面爆破, 全断面

Abstract:

With the general trend of tunnel construction in China towards large and super-large sections,the application of full-face blasting excavation method in tunnel excavation generally has the problems of poor contour forming effect,low trace rate of blasting holes and large under or over excavation.The technology of full section blasting with pre-arranged layer and the technology of detonating peripheral hole with triangular lap of detonating cord can effectively solve the above problems and achieve good contour forming effect.The two kinds of blasting modes are introduced and compared,and the corresponding engineering application conditions are given in this paper.The advantages of the full section blasting technology with pre-arranged layer are analyzed,and the calculation formula for the parameters of the pre-arranged layer is given.The detonating mechanism of triangular lap of detonating cord is analyzed.The theoretical calculation of the blasting time is calculated,and as a result,the detonation signal can be transmitted to the whole blasting network in 5 ms,and the maximum detonating time difference between adjacent blast hole is less than 1ms.Based on the Dong Tianshan tunnel project,the field tests of two kinds of blasting modes have been carried out.The results show that both modes can effectively control the contour of the excavation section,improve the hole trace rate and reduce the over excavation.The applicable conditions of the two modes are as follows:The technology of full section blasting with pre-arranged layer can be used under the good condition of Ⅳ class surrounding rock and above grade Ⅲ surrounding rock;The technology of detonating peripheral hole with triangular lap of detonating cord can be applied under the poor condition of Ⅳ class surrounding rock and Ⅴ surrounding rock.The results can provide reference for similar projects.

Key words: large section tunnel, pre-arranged layer, triangular lap of detonating cord, contour control technology, smooth blasting, full section

中图分类号: 

  • TD235.374

图1

预留光爆层全断面一次爆破开挖示意图"

图2

装药结构图"

图3

起爆网络图"

表1

平均线性超挖量与炮孔痕迹率统计(预留光爆层)"

爆破次数 平均线性超挖量/m 炮孔痕迹率/%
平均值 0.205 91.1
1 0.154 95
2 0.209 92
3 0.147 89
4 0.257 91
5 0.185 85
6 0.232 93
7 0.256 94
8 0.204 90

图4

开挖断面扫描拟合图"

图5

预留光爆层全断面一次爆破效果图"

图6

相邻两孔导爆索搭接"

图7

导爆索分段并联"

图8

导爆索三角形搭接"

图9

导爆索正误搭接示意图"

图10

导爆索三角形搭接传爆示意图"

图11

搭接实物图"

图12

搭接改进方案"

表2

平均线性超挖量与炮孔痕迹率统计(导爆索三角形搭接)"

爆破次数 平均线性超挖量/m 炮孔痕迹率/%
平均值 0.238 88.5
1 0.241 85
2 0.258 92
3 0.276 88
4 0.179 83
5 0.234 90
6 0.245 93

图13

爆破效果对比图"

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