黄金科学技术 ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (5): 845-855.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2023.05.044
Sicheng LU(),Rendong HUANG,Ying SHI
摘要:
以含氰黄金尾矿无害化处理过程为研究对象,运用生命周期评价(LCA)方法构建了2种方案的评价模型,对尾矿压滤洗涤、滤渣处理和滤液处理的环境负荷及资源消耗进行定量评估。结果表明:(1)方案2的尾矿毒性水平比方案1降低了98.5%,但整体环境影响并未降低;(2)方案1的主要环境问题是淡水生态毒性,方案2中环境影响从大到小依次是资源枯竭、淡水生态毒性和人类毒性等;(3)方案1中芬顿降硫氰和尾矿干堆是影响整体环境的主要环节,尾矿干堆对人类非致癌毒性和淡水生态毒性贡献超过50%,方案2中尾矿芬顿脱氰在14个环境影响指标中都是核心问题。2种方案中使用的大量化学药剂是主要的环境影响要素,电能影响较小。与方案1相比,方案2出现环境影响转移,体现在环境影响的形式与关键环节发生变化。从整体环境影响来看,尾矿的处理思路可以朝着药品减量和使用清洁环保物质方向发展。
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