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黄金科学技术 ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (5): 845-855.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2023.05.044

• 采选技术与矿山管理 • 上一篇    下一篇

黄金尾矿两种无害化处理方案生命周期评价

陆思成(),黄仁东,石英   

  1. 中南大学资源与安全工程学院,湖南 长沙 410083
  • 收稿日期:2023-03-20 修回日期:2023-05-25 出版日期:2023-10-31 发布日期:2023-11-21
  • 作者简介:陆思成(1998-),男,湖南耒阳人,硕士研究生,从事工业固废处理和资源化利用研究工作。916043689@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目“大范围分步回采能量演化与动态平衡机理研究”(52174140);“骨料磷石膏对胶结充填体材料性能影响及改性研究”(42177160)

Life Cycle Assessment of Two Harmless Treatment Options for Gold Tailings

Sicheng LU(),Rendong HUANG,Ying SHI   

  1. School of Resources and Safety Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410083,Hunan,China
  • Received:2023-03-20 Revised:2023-05-25 Online:2023-10-31 Published:2023-11-21

摘要:

以含氰黄金尾矿无害化处理过程为研究对象,运用生命周期评价(LCA)方法构建了2种方案的评价模型,对尾矿压滤洗涤、滤渣处理和滤液处理的环境负荷及资源消耗进行定量评估。结果表明:(1)方案2的尾矿毒性水平比方案1降低了98.5%,但整体环境影响并未降低;(2)方案1的主要环境问题是淡水生态毒性,方案2中环境影响从大到小依次是资源枯竭、淡水生态毒性和人类毒性等;(3)方案1中芬顿降硫氰和尾矿干堆是影响整体环境的主要环节,尾矿干堆对人类非致癌毒性和淡水生态毒性贡献超过50%,方案2中尾矿芬顿脱氰在14个环境影响指标中都是核心问题。2种方案中使用的大量化学药剂是主要的环境影响要素,电能影响较小。与方案1相比,方案2出现环境影响转移,体现在环境影响的形式与关键环节发生变化。从整体环境影响来看,尾矿的处理思路可以朝着药品减量和使用清洁环保物质方向发展。

关键词: 含氰黄金尾矿, 无害化, 尾矿毒性, 生命周期评价, 环境影响转移, 药品减量

Abstract:

The harmless treatment process of cyanide-containing gold tailings were used as the subject of study.The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method was applied to construct evaluation models for two options to quantitatively assess the environmental load and resource consumption of tailings press washing,filter residue treatment and filtrate treatment.The results show that:(1) The tailings toxicity level in Option 2 is 98.5% lower than that in Option 1,but does not achieve a lower overall environmental impact;(2) The main environmental issue in Option 1 is freshwater ecotoxicity,while the environmental impacts in Option 2 are,in descending order,resource depletion,freshwater ecotoxicity and human toxicity;(3) The Thiocyanide reduction with Fenton and dry stacking of tailings in Option 1 are the main links that affect the overall environment with the dry stacking of tailings contributing over 50% to human non-carcinogenic toxicity and freshwater ecotoxicity,and the cyanide removal with Fenton from tailings in Option 2 is the most central issue in all 14 environmental impact indicators.The large number of chemicals used in both options is a major element of the environmental impact while electrical energy shows low environmental impact.The transfer of environmental impacts from Option 1 to Option 2 occurs in terms of form,volume and linkage.In terms of overall environmental impact,the treatment of tailings can move towards pharmaceutical reduction and the use of clean,environmentally friendly substances.

Key words: cyanide-containing gold tailings, harmless treatment, tailings toxicity, LCA, transfer of environ-mental impacts, pharmaceutical reduction

中图分类号: 

  • X828

图 1

方案1和方案2边界及流程图"

表 1

方案1尾矿浸出液污染物浓度"

污染物名称浓度/(mg·L-1污染物名称浓度/(mg·L-1
总氰化物4.25未检出
硫氰化物5.79未检出
1.800.0005
0.0111.2
0.002氨氮未检出
0.02

表 2

方案1生命周期清单"

工艺环节物质(输入或输出)单位数值
压滤洗涤电能kW·h1.5
kg700
尾矿运输货车km10
尾矿干堆总氰化物g42.5
硫氰化物g57.9
g18
g0.10
g0.02
g0.20
g0.005
g112
铁盐脱氰硫酸亚铁kg4.2
生石灰kg0.84
电能kW·h0.889
芬顿降硫氰硫酸亚铁kg1.365
50%过氧化氢溶液kg6.573
电能kW·h0.054
泵送系统电能kW·h1.18

表 3

方案2尾矿浸出液污染物浓度"

污染物名称浓度/(mg·L-1污染物名称浓度/(mg·L-1
总氰化物0.072未检出
硫氰化物0.4100.0001
0.0010.0010
未检出0.1800
0.020氨氮0.1500
0.002

表4

方案2生命周期清单"

过程物质(输入或输出)数量
压滤洗涤电能2.17 kW·h
2 000 kg
尾矿芬顿脱氰1 500 kg
硫酸亚铁1.675 kg
50%过氧化氢溶液1.665 kg
硫酸38.49 kg
电能4 kW·h
尾矿运输货车12 t?km
尾矿贮存总氰化物0.72 g
硫氰化物4.1 g
0.01 g
0.2 g
0.02 g
0.001 g
0.01 g
1.8 g
氨氮1.5 g
铁盐脱氰(改进)硫酸亚铁1 kg
电能2.54 kW·h
因科深度脱氰亚硫酸钠2 kg
硫酸铜0.2 kg
生石灰0.4 kg
电能0.612 kW·h
泵送系统电能4.875 kWh

表5

2种方案环境影响潜能值"

环境影响类别方案1方案2
气候变化/(kg CO2 eq)1.54E+012.06E+01
臭氧消耗/( kg CFC11 eq)1.44E-063.43E-06
电离辐射/(kBq U-235 eq)8.76E-011.72E+00
光化学臭氧形成/(kg NMVOC eq)6.59E-021.89E-01
颗粒物形成/(disease inc)9.18E-073.09E-06
人类非致癌毒性/(CTUh)4.91E-073.21E-06
人类致癌毒性/(CTUh)2.99E-085.95E-08
水陆酸化/(mol H+ eq)8.19E-026.03E-01
淡水富营养化/(kg P eq)3.46E-031.80E-02
海洋富营养化/(kg N eq)2.12E-025.57E-02
陆地富营养化/(mol N eq)2.20E-016.26E-01
淡水生态毒性/(CTUe)2.39E+032.08E+03
土地占用/(Pt)8.34E+029.43E+02
水资源消耗/(m3 depriv.)5.08E+011.79E+02
化石资源枯竭/(MJ)1.97E+022.98E+02
金属和矿物资源枯竭/(kg Sb eq)1.81E-045.52E-03
气候变化—生物因素/(kg CO方正汇总行2 eq)5.77E-012.02E-01

图2

2种方案标准化结果"

图3

2种方案归一化结果"

图4

方案1环境影响环节贡献"

图5

方案2环境影响环节贡献"

图6

方案1环境影响要素贡献"

图7

方案2环境影响要素贡献"

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