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黄金科学技术 ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (3): 408-422.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2023.03.102

• 矿产勘查与资源评价 • 上一篇    下一篇

柴北缘夏日达乌铌钽矿区花岗岩地球化学特征及地质意义

魏生云1(),王建国1(),郭学忠2,邢佳1   

  1. 1.青海大学地质工程系,青海 西宁 810016
    2.西部矿业股份有限公司投资发展部,青海 西宁 810001
  • 收稿日期:2022-08-15 修回日期:2022-12-20 出版日期:2023-06-30 发布日期:2023-07-20
  • 通讯作者: 王建国 E-mail:wsy202205@126.com;lywjg467047@126.com
  • 作者简介:魏生云(1997-),男,青海西宁人,硕士研究生,从事成矿预测、资源勘查及地球化学等方面的研究工作。wsy202205@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目“基于微观层面分析的岩矿电阻率耦合机理及其模型:以查藏错铜铅锌矿床为例”(42164007)

Geochemical Characteristics and Geological Significance of Granite in Xiaridawu Niobium-Tantalum Mining Area,Northern Margin of Qaidam Basin

Shengyun WEI1(),Jianguo WANG1(),Xuezhong GUO2,Jia XING1   

  1. 1.Department of Geological Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810086, Qinghai, China
    2.Department of Investment and Development, Western Mining Co. , Ltd. , Xining 810001, Qinghai, China
  • Received:2022-08-15 Revised:2022-12-20 Online:2023-06-30 Published:2023-07-20
  • Contact: Jianguo WANG E-mail:wsy202205@126.com;lywjg467047@126.com

摘要:

柴北缘夏日达乌铌钽矿区分布有大量早古生代花岗岩,剖析花岗岩的岩浆来源、形成机制和构造环境,对于揭示柴北缘陆壳的形成与演化机制具有重要作用。对柴北缘夏日达乌铌钽矿区花岗岩进行了岩石学和地球化学特征分析,结果表明:夏日达乌地区黑云母花岗斑岩主量元素具有高硅、高钾、富铝以及低镁、贫锰、少钛的特征;富集轻稀土元素,相对亏损重稀土元素,REE球粒陨石标准化配分曲线呈“V”字形分布,具有明显负Eu异常;相对富集大离子亲石元素,相对亏损高场强元素。岩石成因属于高分异S型过铝质花岗岩,其中物源主要由地壳物质发生低温熔融所提供,不排除地幔物质的混染;推断花岗岩形成于碰撞造山向板内过渡的碰撞构造环境。

关键词: 柴北缘, 夏日达乌地区, S型花岗岩, 物源分析, 构造背景

Abstract:

The northern margin of the Qaidam Basin is located in the north of the Qaidam Basin and the south of the Qilian orogenic belt,and in the Qinling-Qilian-Kunlun orogenic belt with strong tectonic-magmatic activity.It is one of the hot areas of geological research in recent years.A large number of early Paleozoic granites are distributed in the Xiaridawu niobium-tantalum mining area in the northern margin of the Qaidam Basin.The analysis of the magma source, formation mechanism and tectonic environment of granites plays an important role in revealing the formation mechanism and tectonic environment of granites,which also plays an important role in revealing the formation and evolution mechanism of continental crust in the northern margin of the Qaidam Basin.Based on the analysis of petrological and geochemical characteristics of granites in Xiaridawu niobium-tantalum mining area on the northern margin of Qaidam Basin,the magma source,formation me-chanism and tectonic environment of granites was analized.It is found that the biotite granite porphyry in the Xiaridawu area has high silicon,high potassium and aluminum,and the other major elements show the characteristics of low magnesium and low manganese,poor phosphorus and titanium.The biotite granite porphyry is enriched in light rare earth elements,while relatively depleted in heavy rare earth elements,REE chondrite-normalized partitioning curve is ‘V’ shaped distribution,and the negative Eu anomaly is obvious.It is relatively enriched in large ion lithophile elements,relatively depleted in high field strength elements. According to the analysis of related parameters of major,trace and rare earth elements, the granite porphyry in the mining area is a highly differentiated S-type peraluminous granite. In addition to the low-temperature melting of crustal materials, the source is not excluded from the contamination of mantle materials, and there are some separated crystallization products, which has a very favorable effect on the mineralization of niobium and tantalum deposits in this area. According to the tectonic environment discrimination of multiple sets of main elements and trace elements,the granite porphyry in the Xiaridawu niobium-tantalum mining area on the northern margin of Qaidam Basin was formed in the collision tectonic environment of the transition from collision orogenic to intraplate.The study has important geological significance for understanding the genesis,provenance,tectonic environment and prospecting direction of granite in this area.

Key words: northern margin of Qaidam, Xiaridawu area, S-type granite, provenance analysis, tectonic setting

中图分类号: 

  • P595

图1

祁连—柴达木造山带主要构造单元简图(a)和夏日达乌矿区地质简图(b)(修改自张建平,2005)1.喜山期山间断盆沉积;2.达肯大坂群;3.滩间山群;4.深灰色中细粒闪长岩;5.浅灰色中粗粒斜长花岗岩;6.浅灰色中粗粒花岗闪长岩;7.断层;8.糜棱岩带"

图2

花岗岩手标本及显微镜下特征Qtz-石英;Pl-斜长石;Kf-钾长石;Bit-黑云母"

表1

研究区铌钽矿样品主量元素分析结果"

元素(化合物)各样品主量元素含量
DS1-WuDS2-WuDS3-WuDS4-WuDS5-WuDS6-WuDS7-WuDS8-WuDS9-WuDS10-Wu
SiO276.4177.2275.2676.8175.0575.6576.7178.8477.7977.94
TiO20.070.130.120.120.140.130.120.120.120.12
Al2O313.1412.6813.6112.7413.8113.1412.5411.9412.5512.44
Fe2O30.580.060.160.050.140.210.120.070.150.08
FeO0.460.100.220.100.180.100.100.100.170.20
MnO0.060.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.010.01
MgO0.180.080.140.090.200.210.110.150.090.07
CaO0.290.040.110.060.150.150.100.060.050.04
Na2O1.920.250.320.230.330.311.690.210.230.21
K2O4.927.546.706.946.847.136.986.686.226.78
P2O50.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.02
LOI1.180.981.232.030.560.972.122.413.021.82
Total98.0598.1296.6697.1696.8697.0598.4998.1997.4097.91
ALK6.847.797.027.177.177.448.676.896.456.99
A/NK1.551.481.751.611.731.591.211.571.761.62
A/CNK1.461.461.701.591.681.541.191.551.741.60
AR3.084.163.103.553.113.545.373.703.103.55
δ1.401.771.531.521.601.702.231.321.201.40
SI2.231.001.861.212.602.641.222.081.310.95

表2

研究区铌钽矿样品微量和稀土元素分析结果"

元素各样品微量和稀土元素含量
DS1-WuDS2-WuDS3-WuDS4-WuDS5-WuDS6-WuDS7-WuDS8-WuDS9-WuDS10-Wu
Rb408.00448.00381.00404.00416.00451.00391.00368.00341.00433.00
Ba83.9097.10205.0092.30104.00108.0084.6088.4073.7086.20
Th21.3019.20441.0019.7029.2037.5023.6045.00230.0013.20
U5.356.7411.104.594.755.014.643.576.625.06
Nb122.00120.00144.00113.00132.00133.00135.00123.00125.00125.00
Ta7.847.579.287.638.638.838.998.188.338.34
Sr28.5028.1021.3032.4036.2041.9028.5021.5024.1030.50
Hf6.646.707.787.037.177.687.307.126.386.49
Zr152.00148.00169.00147.00158.00159.00152.00149.00142.00148.00
Y11.4013.9014.0012.8013.4013.6012.408.9812.8013.50
La16.5015.9015.8016.7020.3021.5020.9019.0013.9016.90
Ce20.8021.0020.4021.9027.7028.4029.2025.0017.9022.00
Pr1.641.722.211.732.462.432.672.201.791.85
Nd4.484.456.134.486.545.847.025.905.064.61
Sm0.650.680.910.660.960.891.050.800.820.68
Eu0.080.110.150.100.140.130.090.100.110.11
Gd0.620.790.870.750.930.820.880.800.790.88
Tb0.190.210.240.200.230.250.210.100.220.22
Dy1.652.021.901.761.991.881.621.301.691.91
Ho0.430.520.490.480.510.510.450.300.440.47
Er1.842.261.881.972.062.111.711.401.771.91
Tm0.400.460.430.450.440.460.360.300.390.41
Yb3.043.643.173.483.373.682.692.302.903.12
Lu0.460.520.470.500.530.530.430.300.450.50
ΣREE52.7854.2855.0555.1668.1669.4369.2859.2448.2355.57
ΣLREE44.1543.8645.6045.5758.1059.1960.9352.4739.5846.15
ΣHREE8.6310.429.459.5910.0610.248.356.778.659.42
LREE/HREE5.124.214.834.755.785.787.307.754.584.90
δEu0.380.460.510.430.450.460.280.320.410.43
δCe0.770.790.730.800.800.790.810.790.740.78
(La/Sm)N15.9714.7110.9215.9213.3015.2012.5215.2810.6615.63
(La/Yb)N3.662.943.363.244.063.945.245.583.233.65
(Sm/Nd)N0.450.470.460.450.450.470.460.400.500.45
(Gd/Yb)N0.160.180.220.170.220.180.260.270.220.23

图3

火成岩系统全碱—硅(TAS)分类图(底图据Middlemost,1994)1-橄榄辉长岩;2a-碱性辉长岩;2b-亚碱性辉长岩;3-辉长闪长岩;4-闪长岩;5-花岗闪长岩;6-花岗岩;7-硅英岩;8-二长辉长岩;9-二长闪长岩;10-二长岩;11-石英二长岩;12-正长岩;13-副长石辉长岩;14-副长石二长闪长岩;15-副长石二长正长岩;16-副长正长岩;17-副长深成岩;18-霓方钠岩/磷霞岩/粗白榴岩"

图4

(K2O+Na2O-CaO)-SiO2图解(底图据Frost,2001)"

图5

A/CNK-A/NK图解(底图据Maniar et al.,1989)"

图6

K2O-SiO2图解(底图据Peccerillo et al.,1976)"

图7

稀土元素配分曲线(底图据Sun et al.,1989)"

图8

微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图(底图据Sun et al.,1989)"

图9

花岗岩Na2O-K2O图解 (底图据Collins et al.,1982)Collins et al.,1982)"

图10

花岗岩Rb/Sr-Rb/Ba图解(底图据Sylvester,1998)"

图11

花岗岩Rb-Ba-Sr图解(底图据 Bouseily et al.,1975)SDG-高度分异的花岗岩;NG-正常花岗岩;AG-异常花岗岩;GD-花岗闪长岩;QD-石英闪长岩;D-闪长岩"

图12

花岗岩Th-Rb和Y-Rb图解(底图据Sylvester,1998)"

图13

夏日达乌地区La/Yb-Eu图解(底图据Pearce,1996)"

图14

花岗岩La/Sm-La判别图解(底图据Allegre et al.,1978) "

图15

花岗岩类构造环境主量元素类别图解(底图据Maniar et al.,1989)IAG-岛弧;CAG-大陆弧;CCG-大陆碰撞;POG-造山后;RRG-与裂谷有关;CEUG-陆内造陆运动降起;OP-大洋斜长花岗岩类"

图16

花岗岩类构造环境微量元素类别图解(底图据Pearce et al.,1984)VAG-火山弧;syn-COLG-同碰撞;WPG-板内;ORG-洋脊"

图17

花岗岩Hf-Rb-Ta判别图解(底图据Harris et al.,1986)"

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