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• CN 62-1112/TF
• ISSN 1005-2518
• 创刊于1988年

## Analysis of Blasting Vibration Effects Under Different Ground Stress

LI Xiaohan,, LIU Kewei,, YANG Jiacai, LI Xudong

School of Resources and Safety Engineering，Central South University，Changsha 410083，Hunan，China

 基金资助: 中南大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金“基于LS-DYNA的岩体爆破损伤研究”（编号：2017zzts789）、“不同埋深条件下地应力对巷道爆破开挖影响的数值模拟研究”（编号：2017zzts802）和湖南省自然科学基金项目“爆炸荷载下应力波空间变化特性与结构响应机理研究”.  编号：2018JJ3656

Received: 2018-02-04   Revised: 2018-04-04   Online: 2019-04-29

Abstract

As the depth of mining, tunnel excavation, etc. continues to increase, high ground stresses appear in the interior of the rock mass. High ground stress will have a great impact on the blasting effect of rock mass. In order to study the blasting vibration effects on rock mass under different ground stresses, the finite element software ANSYS/LS-DYNA is applied to simulate the propagation of stress wave in rock mass under high ground stress.The influence of blasting on the surrounding rock mass under different ground stresses is analyzed, and the effects of different ground stresses on the blasting effect is finally obtained.A constitutive model of rock mass is selected and calibrated.Then applying implicit-explicit method, the dynamic explicit software ANSYS/LS-DYNA is used to model the blasting process of rock mass under different lateral pressure coefficients. Numerical models are built under condition that lateral pressure coefficients are 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0,respectively. Numerical simulation results indicate that high ground stress inhibits the blasting effects of rock mass and resists the damage extension around the blast hole. The lateral pressure coefficient has less influence on the fracture zone of rock mass, but has a greater influence on the crack zone of rock mass. And cracks will extend to the direction of higher ground stress more easily. Before the peak vibration velocity reaches its peak point, the rising time of peak particle velocity （PPV） is not influenced by lateral pressure coefficients. PPV in horizontal direction is greater than that of vertical direction when the lateral pressure coefficient is less than 1.0, while PPV in vertical direction is greater than that of horizontal direction when the lateral pressure coefficient is more than 1.0. This research can not only be used to evaluate the stability of deep rock mass structure under blasting load, but also can correctly guide blasting operation in engineering practice. More importantly, applying numerical simulation to analyze rock mass damage under blasting load can provide a reference experience for the in-depth study of the damage mechanism of rock mass under high strain rate dynamic loads.

Keywords： blasting vibration ; ANSYS/LS-DYNA ; ground stress ; lateral pressure coefficient ; blasting crack ; peak particle velocity

LI Xiaohan, LIU Kewei, YANG Jiacai, LI Xudong. Analysis of Blasting Vibration Effects Under Different Ground Stress[J]. Gold Science and Technology, 2019, 27(2): 241-248 doi:10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2019.02.241

### 1.1 应力初始化方法

（1）使用ANSYS软件对模型进行静力求解，施加初始地应力。在隐式分析阶段，使用与后续显式分析相匹配的单元类型。针对本文研究的爆破问题，在隐式分析阶段选用solid 185单元，建立完整模型，并将只在后续显式分析阶段用到的节点和单元的自由度全部约束，从而使这些节点、单元不对隐式分析产生影响。通过将初始地应力施加在模型边界，执行求解，生成结果文件。

（2）ANSYS隐式分析转换为LS-DYAN显式分析。改变作业名并保存模型后，将solid 185单元转换为solid 164 单元，移除隐式分析阶段施加的约束，将第一步生成的结果文件导入进来，然后添加用于显式分析的模型约束及载荷条件，并生成动力松弛文件。该文件即包含模型节点的位移信息，用于产生初始地应力。

（3）进行显式求解。将隐式分析的结果导入显式分析阶段后，初始化模型的几何形状，并进行相关的求解设置，即可生成K文件。对K文件进行必要的修改后，进行显式分析。

### 1.2 材料模型

LS-DYNA软件使用高能炸药模型*MAT_HIGH_EXPLOSIVE_BURN来模拟实际的炸药材料，并采用Jones-Wilkens-Lee（JWL）状态方程来描述高能炸药爆炸后其体积与压力的关系。高能炸药爆炸后压力与比容的函数关系如下[16]

$P=A1-ωR1Ve-R1V+B1-ωR2Ve-R2V+ωE0V$

$P=(C0+C1μ+C2μ2+C3μ3)+(C4+C5μ+C6μ2)E$
$μ=1V-1$

$σy=1+ε˙C1pσ0+βEpεpeff$

$Ep=EtanEE-Etan$

### 1.3 模型验证

Table 1  Physical and mechanic parameters of rock

Table 2  Parameters of rock emulsion explosive

A/GPa214.4ω0.15
B/GPa0.182E0/GPa4.192

### 图1

Fig.1   Comparison of numerical and test results

### 图2

Fig.2   Schematic of geometric model

### 图3

Fig.3   Distribution of rock failure zone under different lateral pressure coefficients

### 图4

Fig.4   Layout of picked nodes

### 图5

Fig.5   Time-history curves of particle vibration velocity at different locations

### 图6

Fig.6   Comparison of peak particle velocity (PPV) in horizontal and vertical directions under different lateral pressure coefficients

## 4 结论

（1）初始地应力对爆破有较大的抑制作用。侧压力系数对岩石破碎区的影响较小，而对岩石裂纹区的影响较大；爆破裂纹优先向较大地应力方向延伸。

（2）在炮孔周围稍近及稍远处，质点振动速度达到峰值前的阶段，其峰值到达时间基本不受侧压力系数的影响。

（3）当侧压力系数小于1.0时，水平方向的质点振动速度峰值大于竖直方向；当侧压力系数大于1.0时，竖直方向的质点振动速度峰值大于水平方向。即较小初始地应力方向的质点振动速度峰值总是大于较大初始地应力方向。

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