The Kudeerte gold deposit is a medium-sized gold deposit newly discovered in the western section of East Kunlun.Granodiorite is the host rock of gold deposit，but the petrogenesis，tectonic background and its relationship with mineralization are still unclear.The above questions have been discussed by studying the petrogeochemistry，U-Pb zircon geochronology，and Hf isotopes of the granodiorite in Kudeerte.The petrogeochemical characteristics show that the Kudeerte granodiorite is a set of quasi-aluminum-potassium basalt rocks，showing a right-inclined distribution pattern of light rare earth enrichment，with obvious negative Eu anoalies.The relative enrichment of elements such as large-ion lithophile elements Rb and K，the active incompatible elements Th and U，the depleted high field strength （Nb，Ta，Ti），HREE，and Sr elements，with the characteristics of shell-derived magma.Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating showes that the age of granodiorite was （242.9±1.3）Ma（n=20，MSWD=0.65）.The Kudeerte granodiorite is a Ⅰ-type granitic rock series of aluminous high potassium calc-alkaline rocks formed in the Middle Triassic.The tectonic environment is the transition environment between subduction and collision of oceanic plate.
Sanjiang area in southwest China is an important area for geological research.On the basis of previous studies，through collecting and collating the geochemical literature related to Yanshanian deposits in the Geza island arc，418 representative geochemical data of ore-bearing rock masses in the area were obtained，including Xiuwacu tungsten-molybdenum deposit，Tongchanggou molybdenum-copper deposit，Relin molybdenum-tungsten-copper deposit，Hongshan copper-molybdenum deposit and Hongniu copper-molybdenum deposit.Combined with computer big data，referring to previous research methods and according to the principle of data screening，the data with SiO2 content greater than 56% and less than 90%（granite SiO2>56%） were retained during screening.Excluding data with H2O and LOI content greater than 7% and CO2 content greater than 3%（high H2O and LOI content indicates strong alteration； high CO2 content indicates strong carbonation and calcitization）. Remove some samples with abnormally high content of main elements，such as samples with Fe2O3>30% and abnomally high MnO content.Remove the data with abnormally high trace elements（sample retention）.Draw the confidence ellipse and calculate the corresponding overlap rate.Meanwhile，the abnormal values in the study area（such as abnormal high values，abnormal low values，20 times higher than the average value of sample elements，etc.） were deleted during the study，the sample was retained and the negative value（which may exceed the detection limit） was deleted.The big data method was used to calculate the comparison values of different elements，and 65 536 maps were obtained by comparing with the global adakites.The study shows that the Yanshanian rock mass has the global adakite attribute，but also has its own characteristics.Some element ratios （the denominator contains Mo and Cu） are small and exceed the range of global adakite，which indicates that Mo and Cu elements dominate the Yanshanian rock mass in this area and the enrichment degree is good.In maps such as K2O/Mo-SiO2/Cu，Na2O/Cu-SiO2/Mo，MnO/Cu-SiO2/Cu，Na2O/Zn-SiO2/Mo，Mo and Cu fit well with most elements such as SiO2，TiO2，K2O and Na2O，and have the same trend of change，which indicates that the ore-bearing fluid and mineralization of Mo and Cu porphyry copper molybdenum ore are evolving continuously.The farther the Yanshanian granite data points related to ore-bearing deviate from the global adakite distribution range，the greater the escape degree.The Yanshanian ore-bearing rock mass in this area has a similar occurrence background to adakites.The application of relevant research on adakites in this area can further guide geological work.
Rubidium，as one of the rare metals，plays an increasingly prominent role in military and civilian fields.The granite rubidium deposit is the main type of rubidium ore with high economic value.Recently，lots of exploration achievements and research progress have been made in the granite rubidium deposit，but there is no systematic summary and review.In addition，as the national strategic resource and an important reserve base of critical metals，the prospecting direction of rubidium deposit in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are still unclear.This paper summarized and reviewed the granite type rubidium deposit from the metallogenic age，geological background，ore-controlling structure，ore-bearing rocks，geological characteristics of deposit and metallogenic mechanism.Then，combined with the new exploration achievements of rubidium deposit in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau，reveal its metallogeny and exploration direction of rubidium deposit. For the subsequent exploration evaluation and theoretical research of granite-type rubidium deposits，the occurrence state，fluid characteristics and source of rubidium can be identified by mineralogical evidence，such as microscopic identification，backscattering and scanning electron microscopy，combined with current cutting-edge analytical techniques and methods，such as electron probe，LA-ICP-MS analysis and in-situ O isotope analysis.Furthermore，the process and genesis mechanism of rubidium mineralization were revealed.According to the specific geological characteristics of different metallogenic zones，based on the study of regional geological background，magmatic activity，rock properties and tectonic interpretation，the metallogenic dynamic background of different zones was summarized.A systematic comparative study was carried out on the ore-bearing and non-ore-bearing rock masses of several large and ultra-large granitic rubidium deposits to reveal their petrogeochemical characteristics in detail and clarify the mineralization specificity.At the same time，it is recommended to use the frontier conventional and unconventional isotope analysis，such as micro situ oxygen isotope，lithium isotope，etc.，to explore the source of ore-forming materials （rubidium，fluid） in detail.According to the research results，three prospecting direction are recommended.The first is by looking for the high differentiation granite as the rubidium vision area.The second is，by combining with the comprehensive analysis of infrared spectral characteristics，to explore albitization，greisenization，Tianhe petrochemical altered minerals and fluorite，topaz and other fluorides.The last is to use geophysical prospecting method for delineating magnetic anomaly and IP anomaly center，these methods have a good indicative significance for finding granitic rubidium deposits.
As an important method of geological prospecting，the geochemical survey focuses on the acquisition，interpretation，and evaluation of geochemical data.At present，the main geochemical measurement methods of mineral prospect surveys include stream sediment survey，soil survey，and rock survey.After obtaining the regional geochemical data，extraction of geological information will be the biggest difficulty for geological prospecting.The conventional geochemical data processing method is relatively mature at present，but its efficacy in delineating abnormal areas and locating concentration centers has been drew back by the huge workload of large-scale geological verification.Using geochemical data reasonably to delineate prospecting target areas has become an important task of current geochemical data processing.Yinwaxia area，located in the southern belt of Beishan，Gansu Province，is an important metallogenic belt in Beishan，Gansu Province，with a low degree of geological work.During the 1∶50 000 mineral prospect survey，the stream sediment survey was carried out simultaneously，and the content information of 16 elements such as Au，Ag，Cu，Pb，Zn，W，Sn，Mo，As，Sb，Bi，Cr，Ni，Co，Ba and Hg was obtained.And then through conventional geochemical data processing methods，geochemical anomaly maps and comprehensive anomaly maps were compiled，and 32 comprehensive anomalies were delineated.However，there is an urgent problem to be solved here，that is，the number of anomalous areas is large and the area is also large，which leads to excessive workload and individual anomalies that can’t be verified in the field.In order to further determine the prospecting target area accurately，this paper uses the multi-element enrichment coefficient accumulation method to further process the geochemical data.That is，according to the element enrichment characteristics，the enrichment coefficients of each element in the same sample were accumulated to obtain a new variable-enrichment coefficient accumulation value.The accumulation value of the enrichment coefficient was used to draw the anomaly map and the new prospecting target area will also be re-delineated by the cumulative frequency method to delineate three-level anomalies.The anomaly centers with three-level concentration zones or some large-area secondary concentration zones were selected as prospecting targets（16 in total）.In each target area，the enrichment coefficient was utilized to determine the main ore-forming elements.The different exploration approaches were adopted to check the prospecting target area with different main ore-forming elements.Through the verification of the target area，ore（mineralization） points were found in 9 prospecting target areas，and the ore-finding rate was 56.25%.The ore-finding rate of the prospecting target area with three-level concentration zoning is 61.54%，which shows very good ore-finding effect.The results show that the enrichment coefficient accumulation can make the delineation of prospecting target area more accurately and efficiently，which remarkably improves the probability of successful prospecting.Therefore，it is instructive in 1∶50 000 mineral prospect investigation.
Gannan area is an important gold concentration distribution area in Gansu Province.Through more than 30 years of gold prospecting and large-scale exploration since the 1990s，three super-large gold deposits with gold resources of 100 t have been investigated or explored in detail，including Dashui gold deposit in Maqu County，Zaozigou gold deposit in Hezuo City and Jiagantan gold deposit in Xiahe County.Among them，Jiagantan gold deposit has identified 153 t of gold resources.The gold deposits in Gannan area have the cha-racteristics of agglomeration distribution，forming two basically mature gold enrichment areas，namely Xiahe-Hezuo gold enrichment area in the northwest of Gannan area，and Zhongqu-Dashui gold enrichment area in the southwest of Gannan area.The exploration and research degree of Jiagantan gold deposit，Zaozigou gold deposit and Dashui gold deposit in Gannan area are relatively high.In the past，comparative analysis on characteristics of main orebodies of different degrees have been carried out，which provided a good basis for the study of main orebodies of Jiagantan gold deposit and its gold enrichment area.Based on the brief introduction of the distribution characteristics of gold deposits in two gold enrichment areas and the geological characteristics of Jiagantan gold deposit in Gannan area，the characteristics of main orebody of Jiagantan gold deposit were systematically summarized from the aspects of the spatial distribution，scale，shape，grade and resource distribution of the main orebody.Jiagantan gold belt is more than 1 500 m in length and 300~500 m in width.The 17 main ore bodies are roughly parallel distributed in echelon shape，530~1 480 m in length and 200~350 m in control slope depth.The scale of the main orebody is mainly medium-sized，and the resources of single main orebody are 1.8~12.7 t，and the scale of resources are mainly small，accounting for 2.04%~14.42% of the identified resources in the mining area.It provides an example for the study of the main orebodies of the super-large gold deposits.The main ore-controlling factors and main orebody characteristics of five large and medium-sized typical gold deposits in the two gold enrichment areas were compared and analyzed from four aspects of ore-bearing strata，ore-controlling faults，the relationship between intermediate-acidic dikes and gold mineralization，and surrounding rock alteration.It is considered that the main ore-controlling factors are fault structure and intermediate-acid dikes dominated by quartz diorite （porphyrite） dike and granodiorite （por-phyrite） dike.Through the comparative study of the main orebodies characteristics of five typical gold deposits，it is considered that compared with the other four gold deposits in the two enrichment areas，the main orebody of Jiagantan gold deposit is larger，but the average grade is 2.70×10-6，the proportion of 57.27% of the main orebody is lower than that of 75.34%~79.37% of other deposits.The above understanding further deepens the study of main orebody characteristics of Jiagantan gold deposit and its regional typical gold deposits，and provides an example for the comparative study of the characteristics of the main orebody in gold enrichment areas.The exploration depth of Jiagantan gold deposit is generally shallow and the exploration degree is generally low，the main orebody resource proportion is not more than 75% of the average of Gannan area.The single main orebody resources have not been a large scale orebody，the ore belt and the main orebody group has not yet been fully controlled，and the main orebody of deep stability to extension.It edicates that Jiagantan gold deposit still has great exploration space and prospecting prospect.If the near peripheral and deep prospecting is increased，the scale of the deposit and the amount of gold resources in the mining area will be greatly increased.
Pyrite is the main gold-bearing mineral in Longtougou gold deposit.In this paper，the crystal morphology and chemical composition typomorphic characteristics of pyrite in Ⅰ-1 and Ⅳ-1 orebodies were studied from the perspective of minerals，and five points of insights were obtained.The research methods include optical thin section observation under microscope，electron probe，energy spectrum analysis，etc.The results show that the crystal morphology of pyrite in the study area is relatively simple，and pentagonal dodecahedron crystal morphology occupies the highest proportion.In general，the probability of pyrite crystal morphology from high to low is pentagonal dodecahedron，poly，cube and octahedron.The 1 160 m middle section of the study area is the most mineralized section，and the 1 080 m section is the secondary mineralized section，and pentagonal dodecahedral pyrite is superior to other crystal morphology in gold bearing.The w（S）is 52.71% to 67.80%，with an average of 55.79%，and the w（Fe） is 28.66% to 45.33%，with an average of 42.43% in pyrite.In general，the pyrite in this area is sulfur-rich and iron-deficient.Co/Ni values range from 1.383 to 13.333，with an average value of 2.88，w（Se） is about 4×10-4，and S/Se ratios range from 0.76×103 to 5.39×103，indicating that the formation of Longtougou gold deposit is related to volcanic hydrothermal genesis.The score X of crystal morphology and D value range from 0 to -13.33 and 0.6520 to 1.1345 respectively，indicating that the ore body is basically located in the middle and lower part，that is，the engineering control section of the mineralization area is still in the middle and shallow part.There is still prospecting potential in the east of line 131 below 1 080 m middle level and Xianggou area to the west of Longtougou gold area.
After years of exploration and development，the surrounding environment of the gold mine in Laizhou ore concentration area has been changed and destroyed in varying degrees.In order to find out the environmental geological problems caused by Cangshang gold mine in Laizhou mining area，the high density resistivity method was applied to carry out section survey in the northeast side of Cangshang gold mine.The results of the investigation preliminarily identified the environmental geological problems，such as the stratigraphic geoelectric characteristics of the northeast side of Cangshang gold mine，the distribution of hidden fault structures and the underground goaf，and the extent of underground seawater intrusion.Through this investigation，the following insights have been gained：（1）The high density resistivity method can effectively identify the seawater intrusion in the northern part of Cangshang gold mine，and the seawater intrusion in the northern part of the mine is strong in the east and weak in the west.（2）The high density resistivity method can accurately identify the spatial distribution and structural water content of the hidden Sanshandao fault，which indicates that the Sanshandao fault slows down the seawater intrusion trend in Laizhou bay.（3）The high-density resistivity method can accurately identify the distribution range，strike，burial depth，water filling conditions and spatial morphology characteristics of the goaf.（4）The high density resistivity method can improve the working efficiency and is an effective method for environmental geological survey of ore concentration area，which can provide a good reference and guidance for environmental geological survey of similar areas.
In the upper middle section of West No.2 mining area of Longshou mine，it is necessary to adopt the non-pilar sublevel caving method within the range of ore body with a height of less than 70 m to achieve safe，efficient and low loss mining of low grade ore resources，the ore mining conditions are very complex.In view of these key technical problems，the research was carried out one by one.Firstly，a technical scheme for the formation of overburden by inducing caving of large volume cemented backfill was proposed.At the same time，the mechanical properties，structural characteristics and caving ability of cemented backfill were studied，the results show that backfill has good collapsibility.Secondly，the fragmentation degree of cemented backfill was studied by means of field investigation and physical experiment.The results show that although the strength of cemented backfill is small，it will not produce a large amount of powder after the initial caving and secondary crushing during ore drawing，and the average block size of cemented backfill is greater than the average block size of the ore falling from the fan-shaped blasthole.Therefore，the caving cemented backfill will not lead to the premature dilution of the ore.Subsequently，a combined ore drawing scheme was proposed for the only four stoping sections in the caving stope，and the effectiveness of the scheme was studied by physical ore drawing experiments.The experimental results show that the ore recovery rate of the scheme can reach 85.4%，while the dilution rate is only 6.5%.Finally，the above research results were applied to the field production practice，and the roof cementation backfill was successfully induced to fall naturally to form a covering layer with a thickness of about 30 m.While ensuring the ore recovery rate in the stope，the dilution rate is controlled within 10%，so that the stope productivity is increased by 30%，the mining cost is reduced by 28%，and the safe，efficient，low loss，and low-cost mining of low-grade ore in the West No.2 mining area was realized under complex mining conditions.
The stress state of rock mass in engineering has an important influence on the stability of surrounding rock.At present，scholars at home and abroad mainly study the deformation and failure of rock during loading and unloading through rock mechanics tests such as uniaxial compression and conventional triaxial compression.However，in the process of excavation，the stress state of the rock mass in the radial direction is unloaded and the axial direction is loaded，which is more in line with the actual working conditions.Therefore，the results obtained by traditional research methods can’t truly reflect the stress state of rock mass.There are still some limitations to reflect the stress unloading effect and mechanical characteristics of rock excavation in underground engineering by laboratory test.Moreover，due to the differences of test conditions and rock types，the initial damage degree in the process of rock sample processing is different，the load control methods in the test are different and the number of repeated samples is small，which leads to the dispersion error of test results larger than the true range of stress path’s influence on strength.In order to study the influence of stress state on the stability of surrounding rock in rock mass engineering，based on the discrete element theory，the stress state in the process of underground roadway excavation was analyzed，and triaxial compression numerical simulation tests under three different unloading paths，i.e. confining pressure unloading-axial pressure increasing，confining pressure unloading-axial pressure unchanged and confining pressure unloading-axial pressure decreasing，were carried out.Compared with conventional triaxial compression tests，the macroscopic strength characteristics and microscopic damage process differences of rocks under different stress paths were analyzed.The results show that with the increase of confining pressure，the macroscopic crack of rock changes from tensile crack under uniaxial compression to single inclined plane shear crack under low confining pressure，and finally the conjugate crack shape appears under high confining pressure，which indicates that confining pressure is an important factor affecting the crack state of rock.The failure of the same rock under different unloading paths also follows Hoek-Brown strength criterion，that is，different stress paths will not affect the ultimate strength of the rock.The aggregation characteristics of contact force vector projection scatterplots under different unloading paths are similar，so the stress tensor state is not affected by unloading paths，but the damage process is different under different stress paths.Micro-cracks develop most intensively under the stress path of confining pressure and unloading-constant axial pressure.The crack cluster speed is the fastest under the stress path of confining pressure unloading and axial pressure increasing.The research results can provide reference for stress unloading failure analysis of surrounding rock in the process of underground roadway excavation.
In order to realize the high-efficiency recovery of gold from gold tailings，an experimental study was carried out on gold tailings in Shaanxi Province.The chemical analysis shows that 11.60% S，1.5 g/t Au and 84.77% wrapped gold is contained in the raw material，which belongs to high-sulfur wrapped refractory gold ore.Due to the difficulty to separate gold from sulfur by a single flotation process，and obtaining qualified concentrate products，the combined process of pretreatment-flotation preconcentration-flotation middling regrinding-leaching was applied in the experimental research to improve the gold recovery.The results show that with mechanical agitation，ultrasonic，and pretreatment with H2SO4 and Na2S，the surface properties of gold minerals can be improved and the flotation recovery increase，among which H2SO4 is the best pretreatment.With 100×10-6 of sulfuric acid，110×10-6 of copper sulfate，80×10-6 of butane yellow，40×10-6 of butane black and 30×10-6 of 2 # oil，and after two roughing operations，the mixed coarse concentrate product with an gold grade of 6.94×10-6 and a recovery rate of 87.22% are obtained.The flotation recovery rate is 10.52% higher than that without pretreatment，realizing the preconcentration of bare gold and sulfide-coated gold.As the gold in the coarse concentrate is mostly in sulfide wrapped state，it is difficult to achieve full productization.Therefore，under the conditions that the amount of sodium silicate，sodium hexametaphosphate，and NaCN is 500×10-6，200×10-6，and 50×10-6 respectively，the sulfur suppression concentration process is adopted to obtain a gold concentrate with an gold grade of 21.65×10-6 and a part of qualified gold concentrate products are obtained.The beneficiated middlings was leached for 48 h under the conditions of -400 mesh gold concentrate，accounting for 95%，and NaCN concentration of 0.16%，the direct leaching rate is 91.48%，and the final combined recovery rate of gold is 80.45%，showing the realization of the efficient recovery of gold from the high sulfur wrapped refractory gold tailings resources.
With the development of intelligent construction of mine，the detection of mine equipment is becoming more and more intelligent.The ore conveyor belt is one of the important production equipment in the mine，and the abnormal detection of the conveyor roller is one of the important contents of mine safety.At present，most of the ore conveyor roller inspection is manual inspection，and depends on the personal experience of the inspector to judge the working status of the roller，which will lead to problems such as the damage of the roller is not found in time.Therefore，it is urgent to study a more objective，intelligent and efficient method for abnormal detection of rollers.In order to solve the problems of low efficiency and poor real-time performance of the traditional ore conveyor roller anomaly detection method，an optimization model of ore conveyor roller anomaly detection based on infrared image recognition was proposed.The infrared image of the roller was collected on the spot and the infrared image data set of the roller was expanded by using label smoothing and Mosaic data enhancement processing to prevent the overfitting of the detection model and reduce the training cost of the model.In the feature extraction module，it was proposed to use GhostNet backbone feature extraction network，which can effectively reduce the image redundancy produced by feature extraction，accelerate the learning speed of the model，and further optimize the backbone feature extraction network through LeakyReLU activation function to improve the learning ability of the model.In the feature fusion module，multi-dimensional feature fusion was realized through the feature pyramid structure and the bottom-up feature fusion layer，and the SPP-Net module was used to optimize the PaNet feature fusion network to increase the effective receptive field of the model.And through the depth separable convolution block to simplify the model structure，reduce the amount of calculation and the number of parameters of the model.The experimental results show that，compared with the mainstream detection model，the detection model can more effectively identify rollers and distinguish between normal and abnormal rollers.In the actual detection，the detection accuracy of the idlers is 96.2%，the recall rate is 95.9%，and the average detection accuracy is 94.9%，in which the accuracy of abnormal rollers is 99.6%，the accuracy of normal rollers is 90.2%，the detection speed is 39.2 FPS，and the number of model parameters is only 1.1×107.The method provides a guarantee for accurate and efficient inspection of mine conveyor rollers.
JKQ-25 mining trucks are used for ore transfer at 1 000 m level in Jinchuan No.2 Mining Area.There are a lot of noise，dust and tail gas during the operation，which seriously affects the occupational health of drivers.At present，the research on remote control driving and automatic driving technology of mining truck has been started，and unmanned driving of mining truck will gradually be the leading role in the later productive process.Therefore，the supporting intelligent scheduling system is needed to realize the supervision and dispat-ching of its productive process.The framework and application research of the intelligent scheduling system for unmanned mine truck is the industrial practice based on this situation.The system functions and working principles of SLAM based underground positioning technology，5G information transmission and com-munication technology，interaction technique and underground traffic dispatching algorithm were introduced in this paper.The preliminary collection of environmental data of underground equipment was realized by laser radar，and the data obtained by wheel speed sensor and IMU were used to correct the environmental data and preliminarily processed.Then，the preliminary analysis and processing of these data were carried out.Through the optical fiber networking and 5G wireless communication devices arranged on the surface and underground，the map information and its relative position information built by the unmanned vehicle based on the on-board laser radar SLAM technology were uploaded.The background of the dispatching system analyzes and processes the uploaded information of the vehicle through the integration of electronic fence technology and scheduling service，and issues reasonable traffic control decisions，so that the vehicle can respond to different traffic events and perform corresponding actions.The working principle and implementation logic of the underground traffic scheduling algorithm were introduced in detail.The electronic fence area with special position information was defined.The technical route of the single lane passing algorithm and the intersection algorithm，and the traffic control decision logic of the approximation method were introduced.The results show that when dealing with traffic events such as avoidance，waiting and meeting，the system can timely issue correct and reasonable scheduling instructions to avoid safety accidents，and effectively alleviate the problems of low production efficiency caused by traffic jams，reversing and other events.
The underground environment of mine is special，and the mining process is often accompanied by toxic and harmful gases.For the collection and transmission of such environmental parameters，the common wireless communication technology has the disadvantages of short communication distance and poor anti-interference.To solve this problem，a mine environment monitoring system based on LoRa and IOT technology was designed to monitor the underground environment in real time and transmit through LoRa modules.The monitoring system includes three parts，namely data collection end，aggregation terminal，and data monitoring platform，and the data monitoring platform includes cloud platform and WeChat applet.The data collection end is paired with environmental multi-sensors and transmits monitoring point data by arranging multiple LoRa relay nodes to achieve longer distance wireless transmission.The aggregation terminal sends the data to the cloud platform through WIFI after processing.The WeChat applet data is obtained by calling the cloud platform data and finally completes the storage and visualization of monitoring data.The test results show that the system is functionally stable，can realize the environmental monitoring function of underground，and it is easy to install，easy to secondary development and no need to line up underground.This study provides a reference for the design of underground environmental monitoring systems in similar mines.This study can improve the mine safety monitoring system and enhance the capacity of mine disaster prevention and emergency rescue.
Ore image segmentation is an important part of ore size distribution detection based on machine vision.In order to solve the problem that it is difficult to recognize and segment the multi kinds of ore images with various colors，complex textures and adhesive edges in composite mines，a method of ore image segmentation based on FCM-WA combined algorithm was proposed.Firstly，the ore image is optimized by morphology，which uses bilateral filtering，histogram equalization and morphological reconstruction to optimize the geometric features of the ore image，reduce the impact of noise on the segmentation effect，and improve the image contrast.Then，the FCM algorithm was combined with the watershed algorithm，and the FCM algorithm was used for clustering iteration to calculate the appropriate segmentation threshold，segment the ore image，and output the binary image.Then，the WA algorithm based on distance transformation was used to optimize the segmentation result of FCM algorithm，and the edge conglutination part of ore image output by FCM algorithm was segmented to obtain the best segmentation image.The results show that：（1）Using morphological optimization process to process ore images can reduce noise，enhance edge information and improve contrast.（2） Compared with the traditional Otsu method and genetic algorithm，the FCM-WA method in this paper is more robust and has better segmentation effect.The accuracy of pixel segmentation and ore particle size recognition for multiple kinds of ore images can reach more than 92%.（3） The experiment results show that the FCM-WA method can accurately segment many kinds of ore images with diverse colors，edge adhesion and complex texture features，and the segmentation results meet the requirements of particle size distribution detection.（4） The FCM-WA method in this paper is in line with the production needs of real mining enterprises，and can provide reliable technical support for the development of new mine intelligent particle size detection equipment.
With the rapid development of China’s society economy，the demand for copper mineral resources in various fields of our country is increasing day by day，and more and more “poor，fine and miscellaneous” copper resources are being mined，which makes the aim of the grinding operation changes to as much as possible to reduce the yield of over-fine grades and over-coarse grades in grinding products，and increase the yield of intermediate grades of grinding products.At present，there are some problems in the grinding operation of Yimen Copper Co.，Ltd.，such as unreasonable ball filling system of Φ2.4×3.6 m ball mill，low fineness of grinding products，low efficiency of classifier and high circulating load.In view of the above problems，based on the mechanical properties such as ore density，uniaxial compressive strength，elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio，and the particle size distribution of grinding cycle products such as belt feeding，classifier overflow，classifier sand return and ball mill discharge，the calculation formulas for the ball diameter of various ball mill steel balls that are widely used at home and abroad was compared and analyzed.The semi-theoretical formula of Duan’s ball diameter was adopted to calculate the recommended initial loading medium ratio.Finally，the initial loading plan is determined as：Φ80 mm∶Φ60 mm∶Φ50 mm∶Φ40 mm=30%∶25%∶25%∶20%.And four groups of schemes was set up，namely field scheme，recommended scheme，oversized scheme，and undersized scheme， to carry out laboratory grinding comparison test.The grade yield，grinding fineness and grinding technical efficiency were used as evaluation indicators to study the optimization of the size and ratio of steel balls in the mill.After optimization，compared with the on-site scheme，the yield of +0.150 mm over-coarse grades of the recommended scheme is reduced by 2.38 percentage points，the grinding fineness of -0.074 mm is increased by 5.14 percentage points，and the yield of the intermediate grade （-0.150+0.010 mm） is increased by 1.08 percen-tage points.The efficiency of grinding technology increased by 3.39 percentage points.It shows that using the recommended ratio of initially charged steel balls as the grinding medium of Yimen Copper’s Φ2.4×3.6 m ball mill has obvious optimization effect.On the premise of improving the grinding fineness，the intermediate grade yield is increased，and the over-coarse grade is reduced.The production rate can effectively improve the effi-ciency of grinding technology，and achieve the improvement of grinding technical indicators of the dressing plant，which is of great significance to improving the efficiency and reducing consumption of the dressing plant.
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