In shallow overburden area，acquiring geological prospecting information via geological outcrops presents significant challenges.Consequently，there is an urgent requirement for the implementation of geophysical technologies to enhance the optimization of prospecting target areas and the strategic placement of boreholes.Typically，epithermal gold deposits do not directly produce geophysical anomalies.The geophysical properties of gold ore bodies，alteration zones，and their surrounding lithologies remain insufficiently understood.The Alinghe mining area，located within the forested region of northeast China，is characterized by shallow soil cover.The scarcity of rock outcrops has rendered traditional geological and mineral mapping techniques largely ineffective，underscoring the necessity for an increased reliance on geophysical prospecting methods in gold exploration.In response，we conducted high-resolution 1∶5 000 magnetic surveys over areas exhibiting soil gold anomalies，alongside 1∶5 000 induced polarization （IP） measurements using gradient arrays in selected hydrothermal alteration zones.Through the integrated analysis of resistivity and polarizability anomalies，we identified areas with favorable gold mineralization potential.Subsequently，electrical resistivity tomography （ERT） was employed to delineate vertical geological characteristics.In conclusion，verification of drilling and logging activities was conducted.The aforementioned geophysical exploration study yielded the following findings：（1） A series of parallel magnetic anomaly stripes were identified within the andesite distribution area.The observed low magnetic anomalies are attributed to the demagnetization effect resulting from hydrothermal alteration.Hydrothermal activity can reduce the magnetic susceptibility of andesite by up to 1 000 nT.（2） Induced polarization （IP） measurements revealed that the distribution of low apparent resistivity aligns closely with the regions of low magnetic anomalies.The apparent resistivity in the hydrothermally altered area is 100 Ω·m lower than that of the surrounding regions，indicating a water-rich shallow hydrothermal alteration zone.The anomaly of high apparent polarizability suggests a relatively pyrite-rich area associated with epithermal gold ore bodies.（3） Occam’s inversion of electrical resistivity tomography （ERT） data effectively delineates vertical geological features，including surrounding rock，hydrothermal channels，and pyritization zones，which are closely associated with gold mineralization.（4） The geological and alteration assumptions derived from the aforementioned geophysical data were validated by borehole ZK01 along the ERT line，resulting in the identification of two gold-bearing horizons and six gold mineralized bodies within a depth of 100 meters.Through the analysis of curves and crossplots of various logging parameters，the geophysical characteristics of the six gold mineralized bodies were categorized into channel type and terminal type.These two types of gold deposits are distributed on both the upper and lower sides of the high polarizability anomaly，suggesting that a high polarizability anomaly alone is not a direct indicator of a gold ore body，although it holds significant implications for prospecting.In this study，the epithermal gold deposit was systematically targeted for detection.A range of surface geophysical exploration methods was employed to progressively and effectively refine the exploration target area.Subsequent borehole verification confirmed the presence of several gold mineralized bodies，thereby validating the efficacy of the employed methods.The two distinct types of gold-mineralized bodies，categorized based on the combination of geophysical parameters and spatial distribution differences，indicate a terminal position within the mineralization system and suggest minimal erosion post-mineralization.This distinction holds significant implications for the interpretation of geophysical data and has practical relevance for prospecting and exploration efforts.

The shallow orebody located at a depth of 1 500 meters within the Dayingezhuang gold mine in Jiaodong has been extensively delineated.Consequently，exploring the depth range of 1 500 to 3 000 meters is not only essential for providing supplementary resources to support further mine development but also possesses considerable demonstrative value for achieving new breakthroughs in ore exploration.To this end，a 4-kilometer-long multi-polarization electromagnetic sounding profile was conducted at the periphery of the Houtuan area of the Dayingezhuang gold mine.During this study，natural field electromagnetic signals ranging from 1 Hz to 100 kHz were collected.Inversion calculations produced resistivity and magnetization profiles extending to a depth of 3 000 meters.Based on the existing geological prospecting model and the electromagnetic characteristics of Neoproterozoic TTG and Jiaodong Group metamorphic rocks，which exhibit low resistivity and high magnetization，as well as Late Jurassic granite bodies，characterized by high resistivity and low magnetization，the transition zone from low resistance and high magnetization to high resistance and low magnetization is identified as the ore-controlling Zhaoping fault zone，and the expanding space where the dip angle of the fault zone from low-resistivity and high-magnetization to high-resistivity and low-magnetization is interpreted as the ore-controlling Zhaoping fault zone.Additionally，the region where the dip angle of the fault zone becomes more horizontal is inferred to be a favorable site for mineralization.This interpretation is supported by data from drill hole 80ZK2101，which identified a pyrite-silicified alteration zone between depths of 2 943.18 m and 3 108.41 m，with a gold ore body located at depths of 3 100.06 m to 3 101.06 m.The drilling results corroborate the interpretations derived from multi-polarization electromagnetic sounding data.

The northeastern region of Hunan Province，situated within the central Jiangnan Orogenic Belt，is distinguished by the presence of numerous gold deposits，notably including the Wangu and Huangjindong.To systematically investigate the genetic relationships between various fluid-rock interactions and the mechanisms of gold precipitation in this area，comprehensive field geological investigations，petrographic analyses，and thermodynamic simulation have been undertaken.Geological field investigations have identified silty slate as the primary ore-bearing wall rock in northeast Hunan.This rock is notably characterized by extensive bleaching alteration，with ore bodies predominantly situated within the bleached zones.In contrast，certain ore bodies are found within carbonaceous slate，which retains its black coloration and exhibits no visible color change despite undergoing hydrothermal alteration.Petrographic analysis reveals that the bleached zones contain numerous siderite spots，which are intersected by pyrite and arsenopyrite.Conversely，in the carbonaceous slate，sulfide minerals are intimately associated with carbonaceous matter（CM）.The thermodynamic simulation indicates that siderite present in the bleached zone can interact with the fluid，leading to gold precipitation through sulfidation.Similarly，chlorite within slate can also engage with the fluid to initiate sulfidation.However，the dissolution rate of carbonate exceeds that of chlorite，suggesting that carbonate exhibits higher chemical reactivity，which is more conducive to gold mineralization.The carbonaceous matter（CM） in the carbonaceous slate can enhance gold deposition by reducing the fO₂ in the fluid through fluid-rock interactions，facilitating fluid boiling，and providing sites for fluid transport and precipitation.Consequently，the silty slates and carbonaceous slates in northeast Hunan are capable of promoting gold mineralization through distinct mechanisms and are thus favorable wall rocks for gold mineralization.

The Dareer gold deposit， situated within the Gouli mineralized district of the East Kunlun orogenic belt， represents a recently identified small-scale gold deposit. To facilitate deeper exploration and enhance the deposit’s scale， it is imperative to conduct further investigations beyond the preliminary surface studies. The primary halo method is recognized as one of the most direct and effective approaches for this purpose. Consequently， geochemical analyses were performed on 209 samples collected from No.63 exploration line in the area， examining 15 elements including Au，Ag，Cu，Pb，Zn，W，Sn，Mo，As，Sb，Hg，F，Mn，Bi，and Co. Utilizing the R-type cluster analysis method， the study identified the elemental associations characteristic of the deposit. The near-ore halo elements for the AⅡ orebody were determined to be Au，Cu，Pb，Zn，and Ag.The front halo elements were identified as F，Sb，As， and Hg.The tail halo elements were found to be Mo，Co，Bi，Mn，Sn，and W. Utilizing Grigorian calculation methods for axial zoning， the primary halo of the orebody from top to bottom was identified as follows： Zn-W-Hg-Ag-Sn-Cu-Mo-Co-Au-S-Mn-F-Pb-As-Bi. This sequence exhibits distinct characteristics of “coexistence of head and tail halo” and “reverse zoning”with a weak anomalous Au halo present. Based on the deep anomaly features revealed by controlled-source audio-frequency magnetotellurics（CSAMT） inversion in the area，there is significant potential for mineral exploration，sug-gesting the possible presence of blind ore bodies or ore bodies extending deeper into the earth. In light of the geophysical and geochemical characteristics， deep drilling verification was conducted on the No.55 and No.71 exploration lines， flanking the No.63 exploration line. This led to the discovery of orebodies with the highest grade reaching 27×10^-9，thereby achieving excellent prospecting results and confirming the efficacy of the research methods employed.

The Dayingezhuang gold deposit， located in the northwest of the Jiaodong Peninsula， is characterized as an altered rock-controlled gold deposit. Gold mineralization predominantly occurs within the beresitization alteration zone situated in the footwall of the Zhaoping fault zone. The reddenization alteration is observed in the Mesozoic granitoid， whereas chloritization alteration is present in the metamorphic wall rocks of the Jiaodong Group. Despite these observations， the impact of various alteration conditions on gold mineralization， the migration pathways of ore-forming fluids， and the spatial dynamics of water-rock interactions that lead to gold precipitation remain inadequately understood. This study employs the TOUGHREACT software to simulate the chemical interactions between ore-forming fluids and wall rocks at different stages of the Dayingezhuang deposit. The simulation aims to quantitatively analyze the redox and acid-base properties associated with distinct alteration processes and to examine the chemical equilibrium concentrations of gold （Au） along with the volume fractions of key altered minerals at various stages. The simulation results indicate that during the primary mineralization stage， the pH value of the fault zone is below 7， and the lgf（O₂） decreases from -27 to -44， suggesting acidic conditions with low oxygen fugacity. In contrast，the pH value in the Jiaodong Group and Linglong granites exceed 7，with lgf（O₂） values ranging from -30 to -40， indicating alkaline conditions with higher oxygen fugacity. The volume fraction of pyrite and sericite near the fault zone varies from 0 to +0.025%， while the volume fraction of chlorite in the Jiaodong Group metamorphic rocks ranges from 0 to +0.01%. The volume fraction of potassium feldspar in the Linglong granites varies from 0 to +0.05%. These findings suggest that the alteration system surrounding the Dayingezhuang gold deposit functions as a conjugate reaction system， characterized by contrasting redox and acid-base properties. Chloritization and reddenization alterations occur under oxidative and meta-alkaline conditions. The spatial distribution of gold precipitation is predominantly located near the fault zone. As the ore-forming fluids migrate， beresitization alteration occurs under reductive and acidic conditions， leading to the formation of gold orebodies.

The Luobuzhen gold and silver epithermal deposit is located in the southwestern part of the Zhunuo ore concentration area，within the western segment of the Gangdese metallogenic belt in Tibet.This deposit，containing approximately eight tons of gold resources and associated with silver（Ag），lead（Pb），and zinc（Zn），is hosted within the continental volcanic rocks of the Pana Formation，part of the Linzizong Group.Its occurrence is controlled by a fault fracture zone exhibiting a near east-west trending.The Luobuzhen region exhibits silicification，sericitization，clay alteration，and propylitization，with ore bodies predominantly located within the intensely silicified alteration zone at the contact interface between dacite and granodiorite.The mineralization process can be divided into three distinct stages：The quartz-pyrite stage（Stage Ⅰ），the quartz-polymetallic sulfide stage（Stage Ⅱ），and the quartz-carbonate vein stage（Stage Ⅲ）.Notably，Stage Ⅱ represents the primary ore-forming phase.The formation temperatures for stages Ⅰ and Ⅱ were determined to be（366±4）℃ and （263.5±80.5）℃，respectively，using arsenopyrite thermometry.Electron probe micro-analysis（EPMA） data indicates that silver in the Luobuzhen deposit predominantly occurs in tellurite as visible silver，in silver-bearing tetrahedrite as invisible silver，and to a lesser extent in sphalerite，chalcopyrite，and pyrite.Silver is present as an isomorphic component within silver-bearing tetrahedrite，sphalerite，chalcopyrite，and pyrite，while in galena，it occurs as micro-inclusion silver.Gold predominantly exists as “invisible gold” within particulate（<50 μm） pyrite.In stage Ⅰ，gold primarily manifests as solid solution gold or lattice gold，whereas in stage Ⅱ，it is mainly found as nanoscale micro-particulate gold.The activation and concentration of metal elements in the Luobuzhen deposit are attributed to the synergistic effects of various factors，including sulfur fugacity，pH value and temperature within the fluid system.The primary mechanisms responsible for the precipitation of gold and silver are sulfuration.

The Dadiangou gold deposit，located in the Longnan region of Gansu Province，represents a typical orogenic gold deposit that has been discovered in recent years.The occurrence statusof gold significantly influences the development and utilization of these deposits，as well as the choice of metallurgical techniques for gold ore processing.To enhance the understanding of the gold occurrence within the Dadiangou deposit，this study utilizes a comprehensive array of investigative methodologies，including field surveys，reflective microscopy，and electron probe microanalysis.The findings suggest that the gold ore types at the Dadiangou gold deposit can be categorized into two primary types：Quartz vein typeand altered rock type.The gold within these ores predominantly exists as independent minerals，with the primary gold-bearing minerals being pyrite，chalcopyrite，galena，and quartz.The principal gold mineral is gold mineral，with minor occurrences of electrum and sylvanite.Gold particles within the ore manifest in four distinct forms：Fissure-filling，intergranular，inclusion，and interlocking.However，Fissure-filling has been identified as the predominant type.The particle size of gold is primarily extra micro-particulate（0.0050~0.0002 mm，42.03%） and micro-particulate（0.010~0.005 mm，28.26%）.Although micro-medium to fine grains are less，abundant，they contribute significantly to the overall resource grade due to their higher area content，accounting for 76.53%.The fineness of gold is predominantly above 900，which may be attributed to the combined influence of ore-forming fluids with a high gold-to-silver ratio and ore-forming temperatures that are medium to low.

A significant gold deposit has been identified in the northern maritime region of Sanshandao，Laizhou City.This discovery indicates that the metallogenic geological conditions for gold deposits are favorable in the eastern maritime area of Laizhou Bay，suggesting considerable potential for further mineral exploration in this region.The characteristics of the gravity field in the eastern land-sea interface of Laizhou Bay were examined utilizing the latest high-precision gravity data at a scale of 1∶200 000 for both terrestrial and marine environments.The research findings suggest that the gravity field exhibits significant volatility and a contour strip distribution.Based on these characteristics，the gravity field within the study area can be delineated into two distinct regions：The Jiaoliao Uplift anomaly area and the North China Depression anomaly area.The gravity field in the Jiaoliao Uplift anomaly area predominantly manifests in a northeast-oriented strip pattern.Gravity anomalies exhibit alternating regions of high and low altitudes.Elevated gravity anomalies correspond to high-density Precambrian metamorphic rocks，whereas low gravity anomalies are indicative of the relatively low-density Mesozoic granite bodies.The gravity field demonstrates a clumping feature in the North China Depression anomaly area，which reflects the distribution characteristics of alternating protrusions and depressions within the Yishu fault zone.The fracture tectonic system in the eastern sea area of the Changyi-Dadian fault has been delineated based on the overall characteristics of the Bouguer gravity anomaly and its site-field transition characteristics.A total of 17 fractures were identified based on the delineation results.These fractures elucidate the intersections among the faults more clearly.The primary trend of the main body fault is oriented northeast，with secondary orientations in the northwest and east-west directions.Notably，the northeast-trending fault serves as the principal ore-controlling fault in the area，and it has been disrupted by subsequent northwest-trending faults.The Sanshandao-Cangshang fault and the Diaolongzuixi fault，both exhibiting northeast trends，are of significant importance for mineral prospecting.The Sanshandao-Cangshang fault，in particular，exhibits significant potential for mineral exploration.The extension of this fault towards the southern and northern marine regions has been delineated through the application of wavelet transform on Bouguer gravity anomaly data.The fault’s overall distribution is typified by S-shaped curve and gentle wave pattern.This study offers high-precision gravity data，which can be utilized for fundamental geological research，mineral geological surveys，and gold resource exploration in the region.

In recent years，the northeastern margin of the Jiaolai Basin has emerged as a significant gold concentration zone within the Jiaodong region.This development follows the discovery of several gold deposits，such as Pengjiakuang，Liaoshang，and Xilaokou，prompting numerous geological prospecting units and scientific research institutions to intensify efforts towards achieving breakthroughs in deep-level prospecting.The Controlled Source Audio Magnetotelluric Method（CSAMT）has been prominently utilized due to its capacity to overcome the limitations of natural field source signals，offering substantial exploration depths，high resolution，and efficient observationsal capabilities.The study concurrently advances research in subsurface sounding and profiling，with recent extensive applications in mineral exploration recently.In this investigation，CSAMT was deployed in the Qianchuiliu mining area.By integrating geological data with the inversion of rock resistivity properties，we analyzed electrical characteristics and spatial features of structural alterations in the shallow subsurface at a depth of -1 000 meters.This analysis builds upon previously identified deep-seated，concealed ore-controlling structural alteration electricity features. A comprehensive analysis of the metallogenic characteristics and prospecting principles associated with the electrical structure was conducted.The findings revealed a thick，near-east-west tectonic fracture zone in the mine’s deep section of the mine.The electrical structure of the geological formation predominantly displays a three-layer configuration characterized by high-low-high resistivity from shallow to deep levels.Additionally， the top interface of the Queshan rock body demonstrates a shallow-deep-shallow trend when observed from south to north.The deep，extensive thick low-resistance fracture zone and the shallow trap low-resistance electrical body exhibit considerable potential for exploration and should be prioritized primary targets in forthcoming drilling initiatives.Controlled Source Audio-frequency Magnetotellurics （CSAMT） offers outstanding vertical resolution，facilitating accurate assessment of the structural fracture zone’s thickness，fracture development sites，and deep extensions. Furthermore，it effectively delineates the spatial distribution characteristics of the structural fracture zone and rock mass in this mining area，aligning with drilling results.The study effectively validates the “three-layer structure exploration model”and confirms the existence of the “near east-west tectonic ore-controlling model” in the Qianchuiliu mining area.CSAMT is demonstrated to be a highly effective method for gold exploration along the northeast margin of the Jiaolai Basin.

The Hetai goldfield，situated in Guangdong Province represents the largest gold mining district in South China.The confinement of the Au orebodies to mylonite zones has led to the classification of this goldfield as a prototypical example of gold mineralization associated with ductile-shear deformation.Comprehensive mineralogical analyses were performed on ore thin sections utilizing optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy（SEM），followed by electron probe microanalysis（EPMA） to determine the mineral geochemistry.In the Hetai goldfield，a significant discovery was made，identifying the presence of Cu-Zn intermetallic compounds and native Ni minerals.The Cu-Zn intermetallics exhibit a copper mass fraction ranging from 58.63% to 62.14%，with an average of 60.41%，and a zinc mass fraction ranging from 35.55% to 38.48%，with an average of 36.63%.Additionally，trace amounts of Fe，Au，and Pb were detected in the Cu-Zn intermetallic compounds.The calculated molecular formula is Cu_0.61Zn_0.37Fe_0.02，which is approximately Cu₂Zn.The native nickel（Ni） minerals exhibit a Ni mass fraction ranging from 86.33% to 87.74%，with an average of 87.26%，and an iron（Fe） content ranging from 4.56% to 5.02%，with an average of 4.72%.Additionally，these minerals contain trace amounts of sulfur（S），copper（Cu），and tellurium（Te）.The derived molecular formula，Ni_0.93Fe_0.05S_0.02，suggests the presence of iron-bearing native nickel.The genesis of copper-zinc（Cu-Zn） intermetallic compounds and native nickel within the Hetai goldfield is likely associated with deep mantle fluids and is postulated to have occurred during the initial phase of hydrothermal mineralization.This phenomenon specifically，transpired within a high-temperature environment characterized by localized deficiencies in sulfur and oxygen during the quartz-sulfide stage.These findings corroborate prior results obtained from He-Ar isotope analyses，thereby affirming the participation of a minor proportion of mantle-derived fluid in the process of gold mineralization.

The Gaosongshan gold deposit represents one of the most significant epithermal gold deposits identified in the northern Lesser Khingan Range region of northeast China.The gold orebodies are predominantly hosted within the intensely altered volcanic rocks of the Lower Cretaceous Banzifang and Ningyuancun Formations，manifesting primarily as veinlets and veins.Despite the deposit’s significance，research on the ore-bearing wall rocks remains relatively underdeveloped.To elucidate the genesis and formation ages of these rocks，comprehensive isotopic dating and elemental geochemical analyses have been undertaken.The dacite of Banzifang Formation obtained ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U surface ages ranging from 112.1 to 115.9 Ma，as deter-mined by zircon laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry（LA-ICP-MS） U-Pb dating.Addi-tionally，⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar dating was conducted using multiple collector noble gas mass spectrometry with the Helix MC on plagioclase and feldspar samples collected from the andesite of the Banzifang Formation and the rhyolite of the Ningyuancun Formation within the Gaosongshan deposit，resulting in plateau ages of （111.2±0.9） Ma and （103.9±1.0） Ma，respectively.The dates，obtained through two independent geochronological methods，suggest that the wall rocks of the Gaosongshan deposit were formed during the late period of Early Cretaceous，rather than the Early Cretaceous as previously believed.Major and trace element analyses reveal that the vol-canic rocks of the Banzifang and Ningyuancun Formations exhibit similar geochemical characteristics.Both formations are characterized by high silicon content（SiO₂=62.26%~71.07%），enriched alkali（Alk=7.28~9.28），elevated aluminum levels（A/CNK=1.15~1.80），and low calcium content（CaO=0.09%~2.03%） and depeled magnesium （MgO=0.47%~3.95%） belonging to shoshonite series.The rocks exhibit an enrichment in light rare earth elements （LREE） and large ion lithophile elements，while showing a depletion in heavy rare earth elements （HREE） and high field strength elements such as Nb，Ta，and Ti，characteristics that are akin to those of arc volcanic rocks.Integrating these findings with data from previous studies，we propose that the magmatic activity closely linked to the epithermal mineralization occurred in the late period of Early Cretaceous within an extensional tectonic setting.This setting was likely initiated by the slab rollback associated with the subduction of the Paleo-Pacific oceanic plate.

The numerous lead-zinc deposits situated within clastic rocks of the Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou polymetallic mineralization domain have emerged as significant targets for contemporary mineral exploration and predictive efforts，offering substantial potential for future discoveries.The Jinniuchang lead-zinc deposit is positioned in the southwestern region of this metallogenic domain.The ore body is situated within the mudstone and calcareous sandstone of the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation，distinguishing it markedly from other lead-zinc deposits in the region that are typically hosted in carbonate rocks.Investigating the genesis of this ore body is crucial for advancing the exploration and prediction of deep-seated deposits，as well as for enhancing the understanding of regional lead-zinc mineralization systems.This study undertakes a trace element analysis by systematically collecting representative metal sulfide samples.The findings indicate that：（1） Electron Probe Micro-Analyzer （EPMA） mapping and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry （ICP-MS） analyses reveal that galena within the Jinniuchang lead-zinc deposit is relatively enriched in antimony （Sb），cadmium （Cd），copper （Cu），and silver （Ag），while it is deficient in manganese （Mn），tin （Sn），arsenic （As），chromium （Cr），and nickel （Ni）.Elements such as Sn，Sb，Mn，Cu，Cd，Bi，As，and Ag predominantly occur in galena through isomorphic substitution.In contrast，sphalerite is relatively enriched in Cd，Cu，Ga，Ge，and Sb，but deficient in Mn，Sn，As，Co，Cr，and Ni.Elements including Sb，Mn，Ge，Ga，Cd，As，and Ag are primarily present in sphalerite through isomorphic substitution.（2） The rare earth element （REE） profile is marked by an enrichment of light rare earth elements （LREE） and a depletion of heavy rare earth elements （HREE），exhibiting a right-skewed distribution.Additionally，there is a negative europium （Eu） anomaly and a weak negative cerium （Ce） anomaly，which are generally consistent with the geological characteristics of the Kunyang Group.This suggests that the ore-forming materials predominantly originate from the folded basement of the Kunyang Group.（3） The trace element composition and depositional characteristics of the deposit closely resemble those of typical Huize-type （HZT） lead-zinc deposits in the region，classifying it as an HZT-type deposit.Employing a large-scale “four-step” prospecting methodology is appropriate for conducting prospecting and predictive analyses.The findings of this research offer novel insights for the in-depth and peripheral exploration of analogous deposits in the region.Furthermore，they provide a theoretical foundation for advancing the study of the lead-zinc metallogenic system within the Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou metallogenic domain.

The Lidonggou gold deposit represents the first newly identified endogenous gold deposit in recent years within the basement cap rock of the Beiba area in Hanzhong area，Shaanxi Province.Over 20 gold ore bodies have been delineated，with lengths ranging from 70 to 1 400 meters， and an average thickness between 0.31 and 9.8 meters.The gold grade varies from 0.83×10^-6 to 21.21×10^-6， classifying it as a medium-sized deposit.The gold deposit is predominantly hosted within the marble and sericite quartz schist of the Mawozi Formation，and is controlled by north-northeast trending fault structures.The ore types predominantly consist of breccia and quartz vein，formations，characteristic of a tectonically altered rock and quartz vein-type gold deposit.The principal metallic minerals identified include native gold，pyrite，molybdenite，and chalcopyrite.Mineralization processes are primarily characterized by limonitization，pyrite mineralization，and magnetite mineralization，with sporadic occurrences of malachite and azurite mineralization.Silicification，tourmalinization，and gold mineralization exhibit a close interrelationship.Preliminary analyses suggest that the formation of the Lidonggou gold deposit has undergone four distinct stages：The formation of ore layers encompasses several processes，including early-stage gold formation，ore enrichment and mineralization，as well as supergene weathering and erosion.The mineralization process is categorized into three distinct stages：The post-magmatic hydrothermal mineralization phase occurring during the Jinning epoch，the post-magmatic hydrothermal superimposed transformation mineralization phase during the Chengjiang epoch，and the supergene oxidation phase.The “stage of quartz，native gold，and polymetallic sulfides” constitutes the principal mineralization phase in this region.The mineral assemblage during this stage includes quartz，native gold，pyrite，molybdenite，chalcopyrite，and sphalerite，which collectively signify the primary phase of gold re-enrichment in the area.Drilling verification reveals that the orebody trends southwestward at greater depths.While the deep extension of quartz vein-type gold orebodies within quartz sericite schist is constrained，the deep extension of interlayer fractured zones in marble exhibits relative stability，with a large number and significant scale of controlled gold orebodies，presenting good prospecting potential.The proposed strategy emphasizes the deployment of shallow work control，particularly targeting quartz vein-type gold ore bodies within quartz sericite schist.Additionally，the focus will be on the exploration and assessment of breccia-type and quartz vein-type gold ore bodies influenced by marble interlayer fracture zones in the mid-depth regions.The primary exploration objectives and directions include the implementation of medium-depth engineering verification， boundary expansion exploration，and the identification of concealed orebodies.This understanding can serve as a foundational basis for the exploration and expansion of the mining area，while also offering critical guidance for the identification of similar gold deposits within the region.

The Linglong complex rock mass，a prominent large granite body located in the northwest of Jiaodong，serves as the principal ore-hosting rock within the Jiaodong gold concentration area.Notably，gold deposits associated with granite as the primary wall rock constitute over 90% of the total metal reserves in this region.This complex primarily comprises the Late Jurassic Linglong intrusive rock，along with the Early Cretaceous Guojialing，Weideshan，Laoshan，and Yushan intrusive rocks，among others.The Linglong complex rock mass，a significant intrusive rock formation in eastern China，is crucial for understanding regional geological structures and informing mineral resource development.Utilizing high-precision gravity and magnetic data at a 1∶50 000 scale from the Jiaodong area，collected since the early 21st Century，and constrained by existing geological，drilling，and deep geophysical survey profiles，the 2D geological characteristics of 47 sections in the northwest of Jiaodong were comprehensively interpreted by using the gravity and magnetic inversion method with man-machine interaction.Based on this foundation，a three-dimensional model of the Linglong composite rock mass has been developed utilizing a 3D visualization platform.Comprehensive ana-lysis reveals that the Linglong composite rock mass exhibits an irregular mushroom cloud-like morphology，with a central thickness measuring approximately 15 kilometers.The predominant component of this complex is the Late Jurassic Linglong intrusive rocks，while the core may contain a substantial Cretaceous A-type granite intrusion.Although these formations appear sporadically on the Earth’s surface，they are interconnected at depth and exhibit a significant scale of occurrence.Drawing upon findings from prior studies concerning the erosion degree of intrusive rocks，as well as the age and rate of large-scale crustal uplift，it is inferred that the Linglong complex rock mass was situated at a depth of approximately 30 km to 35 km during the Late Jurassic period.This research holds significant reference value for comprehending the post-mineralization alteration and preservation of the Jiaodong gold deposit，as well as for predicting and assessing deep gold resources.

In recent years，significant advancements in deep prospecting have been achieved within the three principal gold metallogenic belts of Sanshandao，Jiaojia，and Zhaoping，located in the ore concentration area of the northwestern Jiaodong Peninsula.Notably，the Jiaojia gold field exemplifies a typical fractured altered rock type（Jiaojia type） gold deposit.The confirmed gold resource reserves in this area have surpassed one thousand tons，making it a central focus for geophysical exploration within the Jiaodong gold mining region.Historically，geophysical exploration within the study area predominantly relied on electromagnetic methods，including Controlled Source Audio-frequency Magnetotellurics （CSAMT），Magnetotellurics （MT），and Spectral Induced Polarization（SIP）.However，these methods were significantly affected by industrial electromagnetic interference resulting from mining activities.To investigate the deep response characteristics and the appli-cability of geophysical methods to the primary ore-controlling faults in northwestern Jiaodong ore concentration area under conditions of strong industrial electromagnetic interference，this study conducts a micro-motion detection test in the representative ore section of Sizhuang within the Jiaojia gold mine field.This study examines the spatial autocorrelation method through micro-motion detection tests involving multiple circular array transformations and varying radius array transformations.The findings indicate a coupling relationship between the apparent shear wave velocity field characteristics of microtremor detection，and the primary ore fracture.By optimizing test parameters，it is feasible to achieve vertical identification of the Jiaojia fault zone within a 3 000 meter depth interval.It provides a basis for the future micro-motion detection method to carry out related exploration work in northwestern Jiaodong ore concentration area.

The Zhaoping fault zone represents one of the three principal gold ore belts，each containing substantial reserves exceeding one thousand tons，within the Jiaodong region.Exploration efforts in the Jiaogezhuang-Xiadian area have reached depths of up to 2 kilometers，indicating significant potential for further exploration in both the deeper sections and the surrounding periphery of this zone.Nonetheless，several challenges hinder mineral exploration in these deeper peripheral areas，including a lack of clarity regarding metallogenic patterns，inadequate signal reception from conventional geophysical methods under，substantial overburden，and the complexities associated with managing extensive datasets generated from deep mining operations.Through the analysis of geological maps，exploration line profiles，and exploration data，alongside the implementation of three-dimensional physical inversion techniques for gravity，magnetic，and electrical properties，a comprehensive understanding of the exploration prospects in the area has been attained.This research provides a foundational basis for advancing exploration strategies in forthcoming initiatives.The three-dimensional geological model was developed by using human-computer interaction modeling technology，it extending from the surface to a depth of -4 000 meters.Spatial analysis of the three-dimensional geological model reveals a pattern of ore-controlling faults with varying angles from the shallow to the deeper sections.It is found that the gold mineralisation is highly enriched in the section of steep and slow dip faults and in the section of slow dip faults，and the gold ore body follows the law of lateral volatility and equidistant distribution to the NE.This study introduces a prospecting methodology informed by the principles of “fault ore control law”combined with a detailed three-dimensional geological model.It identifies regions with anomalous structural morphology as favorable zones for mineralization，thereby addressing the challenge of detecting abnormal ore deposits beneath deep cover.Furthermore，a comprehensive exploration prediction model has been developed for the central segment of the Zhaoping fault zone through the extraction of five characteristic variables，such as tectonic strike reversal section，tectonic dip reversal section，tectonic surface change rate，orebody dip isotropy and orebody flanking.As a result，twelve target areas for deep mineral exploration have been identified.The integration of these characteristic variables has projected a potential gold mineral resource of 416 tons，thereby guiding the direction for subsequent deep exploration.Preliminary drilling of the target area has revealed an industrial orebody，representing a new breakthrough in the search for ore in the Zhaoping fault zone.

The copper-gold deposit in eastern Pochengshan is located in the Fe-Cu-Au-Pb-Zn-Mn-W-Sn metallogenic belt of Cihai-Gongpoquan and the gold-silver （Cu-Pb-Zn） pyrophyllite metallogenic sub-belt of Pochengshan-Yushishan.Historically，a 1∶50 000 scale regional geological survey and a 1∶50 000 scale mineral survey have been conducted in this area.These surveys have facilitated the preliminary identification of the regional stratigraphic sequence，the chronology of intrusive rocks，and the interrelationship between structural features and mineralization processes.Additionally，two comprehensive anomalies have been delineated based on 1∶50 000 scale stream sediment analysis.However，the extensive anomalies of gold and copper identified through the sediment survey in the Pochengshan river system have not been thoroughly investigated in previous studies.To further clarify the geochemical characteristics and prospecting potential of gold and copper，1∶10 000 scale cuttings survey was conducted in the area.R-type cluster analysis and correlation analysis indicate that Au and Cu are the primary metallogenic elements，exhibiting significant metallogenic potential.Based on the metallogenic geological background and the elemental combination characteristics of the study area，four comprehensive anomalies were delineated through a 1∶10 000 cuttings survey.Among these anomalies，two comprehensive anomalies were selected for detailed verification.The Ay-3 anomaly area of 0.48 km²，with the primary anomalous element being gold （Au），exhibiting a mean concentration of 53.01×10^-⁹，a peak value of 1 000×10^-⁹，and a contrast ratio of 17.67.The Ay-4 anomaly area of 0.35 km²，with copper （Cu） as the primary anomalous element，showing a mean concentration of 881.22×10^-⁶，a peak value of 10 000×10^-⁶，and a contrast ratio of 27.53.The gold orebody and copper orebody are located in regions 1 and 2，respectively.These orebodies correspond closely with the delineated comprehensive anomaly.Geochemical analysis of rock debris indicates that the area holds significant potential for gold and copper deposits.The newly discovered gold orebody is situated within a fault zone where mylonitized granodiorite is in contact with the wall rock，and it is controlled by an east-west fault structure.The mylonitized granodiorite may serve as a crucial source for the copper-gold deposit.The contact zone between the late Silurian mylonitized granodiorite and the green mud quartz schist fracture of the ancient Dongjing Group of the Changcheng system is considered as the main prospecting direction in the future.

The Jiaodong Peninsula represents the largest gold orefield in China and ranks as the third largest globally，with orebodies predominantly controlled by fault structures.The mineralization of gold deposits within the Sanshandao fault zone exhibits variability attributable to alterations in the controlling fault structures，leading to disparities in ore body continuity and ambiguous exploration indicators.This study systematically cataloged and sampled multiple drill holes and underground tunnels along exploration line 30 in the Beibuhaiyu and Sanshandao gold deposits.Based on the paragenetic associations of minerals and the cross-cutting relationships among ore veins，the gold deposits in the northern sea area can be categorized into four distinct metallogenic stages：quartz-pyrite-potassium feldspar（stage Ⅰ），quartz-pyrite-chalcopyrite-native gold（stage Ⅱ），quartz-pyrite-galena-sphalerite-native gold（stage Ⅲ），and barren siderite-calcite（stage Ⅳ）.Notably，stage Ⅱ and stage Ⅲ represent the primary metallogenic phases for native gold.The analysis of ore-bearing and barren sections of controlling faults through shortwave infrared spectroscopy has demonstrated substantial differences in alteration mineral composition，Al-OH absorption peak positions，and crystallinity index （IC）.Notably，elevated Pos2200 and IC values exhibit a strong positive correlation with gold mineralization.Furthermore，statistical evaluation of grade data from multiple drill holes，augmented by machine learning algorithms，underscores the significant influence of IC values.The analysis of trace elements in pyrite revealed substantial positive correlations among elements including arsenic（As），lead（Pb），bismuth（Bi），tellurium（Te），antimony（Sb），and，gold（Au）.Consequently，this study has established a novel exploration indicator grounded in variations in fault attitude，shortwave infrared spectroscopy markers，and pyrite elemental，commposition.This indicator holds considerable significance for informing practical prospecting efforts.

The Jiaodong Peninsula is the largest gold-producing region in China，however，the sources of its substantial gold reserves remains uncertain.Analyzing the trace elements in pre-mineralization Late Jurassic Linglong-type plutons （Linglong，Kunyushan），Early Cretaceous Guojialing-type plutons （Guojialing，Congjia），syn- to post-mineralization Early Cretaceous Weideshan-type plutons，and the mafic dioritic enclaves within the latter two plutons reveals that these formations generally exhibit lower concentrations of elements such as Cu，Au，Ag，Sb，and As compared to the average values of the continental crust.Specifically，the gold content is typically below 0.5×10^-9，aligning with prior test results and suggesting a depletion process of elements such as gold during magmatic evolution.Furthermore，a significant positive correlation is observed between the Cu/Ag ratio and Cu content in both Linglong-type and Weideshan-type samples.In Guojialing-type plutons and their enclaves，a positive correlation between the Cu/Ag ratio and Au content has been observed.This relationship suggests that during magma evolution，monosulfide solid solution continuously separates from the magma.Consequently，Mesozoic magmatic rocks exhibit lower Cu/Ag ratios and reduced metal content.The accumulation of these sulfides in the middle to lower crust forms an enriched source layer of gold and other elements，thereby providing ore-forming materials essential for gold mineralization in the Jiaodong region.The study also suggests that the separation of monosulfide solid solutions during magma evolution may be a common process，which could also explain why the continental crust is depleted in copper and other elements compared to the mantle.

Jiaodong is recognized as the third largest concentration of gold deposits globally.Recent advancements have been achieved in the exploration of gold deposits and the associated metallogenic theories.However，significant gaps remain in the understanding of the genesis of these deposits and the sources of mineralizing materials.A critical question that persists is how to scientifically and coherently elucidate the enrichment of gold （Au） in deposits that exceed the concentrations found in the surrounding rocks.In this study，we systematically collected and analyzed samples of Late Mesozoic granite and Early Cambrian metamorphic rocks from Jiaodong that have not undergone mineralized alteration to determine their gold（Au） content.The average Au content of 97 granite samples was found to be 0.31×10^-9.Specifically，the average Au contents for Linglong-type，Guojialing-type，and Weideshan-type granites were 0.25×10^-9，0.28×10^-9，and 0.35×10^-9，respectively.Additionally，the average Au content of 397 samples of Early Precambrian metamorphic rocks was determined to be 1.05×10^-9.The abundance of gold in all geological units in Jiaodong is comparable to or lower than that in the Earth’s crust and the average gold content in the North China Plate.However，the gold content in early Precambrian metamorphic rocks is 3.39 times higher than in late Mesozoic granite.Based on previous studies，it is inferred that there is no source area or ore-source rock（layer） with anomalous gold enrichment in Jiaodong.Instead，the substantial gold mineralization is attributed to the partial melting of the ancient metamorphic basement during the Late Mesozoic.During the formation of granitic magma via partial melting of basement metamorphic rocks in the lower crust，over 70% of the gold（Au） precipitates in a comparable “melting” process with in the ultra-high temperature environment，resulting in the production of Au-poor granites.The fluids associated with the magmatic activity of pre-mineralization Linglong and Guojialing-type granites facilitated the migration and enrichment of Au.The substantial alterations in the geochemical com-position of Weideshan and Laoshan-type granites during and subsequent to the mineralization period disrupted the chemical equilibrium of the fluids，thereby creating favorable conditions for the precipitation of gold（Au）.

The Jiaodong region represents the most significant gold ore cluster in China，with the temporal and spatial distribution of gold deposits being closely associated with Late Mesozoic granites.The emplacement timing of the Early Cretaceous Weideshan granite aligns with the epoch of large-scale gold mineralization，marking it as a crucial geological body for ore formation.The Zhouguan rock mass，a constituent of the Weideshan granite，exhibits a strong spatial and temporal correlation with gold mineralization.Based on comprehensive studies encompassing systematic petrology，zircon U-Pb isotope dating，and whole rock major and trace element geochemistry，the Zhouguan rock mass was emplaced during the late Early Cretaceous period，specifically between （119.4±1.1）Ma and （118±1）Ma.This emplacement coincided temporally with gold mineralization events.The rock mass is characterized by low silicon （Si），high magnesium （Mg），and rich sodium （Na） content，along with relatively elevated concentrations of chromium （Cr），nickel （Ni），cobalt （Co），and scandium （Sc），as well as a high Sr/Y ratio and significantly depleted zirconium （Zr） content.These rocks are classified within the high-potassium calc-alkaline series and are identified as high-Mg diorite.The magma is derived from the partial melting of the enriched lithospheric mantle and incorporates some crustal materials.The emplacement of magma in the Zhouguan rock mass and Weideshan granite induced significant uplift of the shallow crust，leading to the formation of a series of extensional structures.These structures facilitated the migration of ore-forming fluids and created favorable conditions for fluid enrichment and orebody formation.

The primary host rocks of the Sanshandao gold deposit in the Jiaodong region are the Mesozoic Linglong granite and Guojialing granite.Through the application of petrographic analysis，geochemical assays，and zircon U-Pb geochronology，the geochemical classifications，formation ages，magma source regions，and petrogenesis of the granite were investigated.Additionally，the relationship between diagenesis and mineralization was examined.The geochemical characteristics of the rocks reveal a relatively high content of SiO₂，Al₂O₃，and total alkali （Na₂O+K₂O）.The aluminum saturation index （A/CNK） is 1.34，classifying these rocks within the Peraluminous-Calcium alkaline series.The concentration of rare earth elements （REE） is relatively low，with a relative enrichment of light rare earth elements （LREE） and a deficiency in heavy rare earth elements （HREE）.The rocks are enriched in large-ion lithophile elements （LILE） such as Rb，Sr，and Ba，while high field strength elements （HSFE） such as Ta，Nb，P，and Ti are notably deficient.The geochemical characteristics of the Sanshandao giant porphyritic granite are comparable to those of sodium-rich granites and young tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite （TTG） complexes （younger than 3 Ga）.The zircon U-Pb weighted average age of the giant porphyritic granite is determined to be（127.05±0.41）Ma，corresponding to the early Cretaceous Guojialing period granite.The gold concentration in the giant porphyritic granite is markedly lower compared to that in early Precambrian metamorphic rocks.Integrating these findings with prior research，it is inferred that the giant porphyritic granite predominantly comprises lower crustal acidic magma，with a minor contribution from mantle-derived basic magma，formed through magmatic mixing.The formation of the rock occurred within an extensional tectonic environment characterized by the subduction of the Pacific Plate and the destruction of the North China Craton.The presence of large feldspar crystals within the rock can be attributed to post-magmatic potassium mineralization.Additionally，Early Precambrian metamorphic rocks，which exhibit relatively high background values of gold abundance，undergo partial melting.During this process，geochemical elements are redistributed，leading to the activation and migration of gold，which results in the formation of a gold-rich fluid reservoir and the subsequent production of gold-poor granite.The rapid intrusion of granite，coupled with the detachment fault system induced by significant crustal uplift and potassium mineralization，collectively contributed to the initial expansion and subsequent rupture of rock volume.This process created an optimal physical trap space conducive to the accumulation and enrichment of ore-forming fluids.

To examine the distribution characteristics of trace elements within the primary sulfides of the Qibaoshan Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit in Wulian，and to constrain the genetic types of the deposit，this study conducted a detailed analysis of the mineralogy and LA-ICP-MS trace element composition of sphalerite and galena formed during different mineralization stages，building upon the geological investigation of the deposit.Based on comprehensive field investigations and laboratory mineralogical studies，the metallogenic processes of the Qibaoshan Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit can be delineated into three distinct stages：The polymetallic sulfide + cataclastic rock stage （Stage Ⅰ），the polymetallic sulfide + quartz + dolomite stage （Stage Ⅱ），and the quartz + dolomite stage （Stage Ⅲ）.LA-ICP-MS analysis indicates that sphalerite is enriched in Fe，Co，Mn，and Cd，but depleted in Ge，Se，Te，Re，and Tl，whereas galena exhibits significant enrichment in Ag and Cd.The elements Cu，Cd，Fe，Mn，Co，and In in sphalerite are primarily present in the form of isomorphous substitutions，while microinclusions within galena are occasionally observed.Silver （Ag） in galena is present in an isomorphic form，whereas copper （Cu），zinc （Zn），and arsenic （As） are found as microinclusions within the carbonated ore galena.An investigation into the metallogenetic temperatures of trace elements in sphalerite indicates that the cataclastic brecciated ore，formed during stageⅠ，predominantly crystallized at medium temperatures.In contrast，the carbonate ore，formed during stage Ⅱ，primarily crystallized at low temperatures.Based on the geological attributes and trace element distribution of the deposit，the Qibaoshan Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit is classified as a middle- to low-temperature hydrothermal vein-type deposit associated with magmatic hydrothermal processes.

The debate surrounding the source，properties and evolution of ore-forming fluids and the genesis of gold deposits in the Wangu area are still remains unresolved.To address this issue，the present study focuses on the Jiangdong gold deposit within the Wangu area，conducting a comprehensive analysis of quartz samples from different stages of the deposit.This analysis includes SEM-CL observation，microtemperature measurement of fluid inclusions，laser Raman spectroscopy，and H-O isotopic compositional analysis.Through examination of the relationship between the veins and the symbiotic combination between the minerals，four distinct mineralization stages have been identified.The mineralization stages at the study site are prioritized as follows： （1）quartz-scheelite stage，（2）quartz-pyrite stage，（3）quartz-pyrite-arsenopyrite-polymetallic sulfide stage，and （4）quartz-calcite stage，and the main mineralization stages are the second and third stages.Fluid inclusions within the quartz at each stage were categorized into three types，namely aqueous inclusions （TypeⅠ），aqueous and CO₂ three-phase inclusions （TypeⅡ），and pure CO₂ inclusions （TypeⅢ）.The homogeneous temperatures of the four phases of fluid inclusions range from 264 ℃ to 347 ℃，255 ℃ to 329 ℃，194 ℃ to 271℃，and 157 ℃to 235 ℃ respectively，aand the salinities range from 2.82% to 8.56% NaCl_eqv，from 1.84% to 9.04% NaCleqv，from 2.24% to 11.23% NaCl_eqv，and from 1.87% to 8.71% NaCl_eqv.The H-O isotope analysis indicates that the ore-forming fluids in the Jiangdong gold deposit are predominantly sourced from magmatic fluids，likely associated with magmatic activities during the Yanshanian period.Fluid-rock interactions may have resulted in the early ore-forming fluids being influenced by partially metamorphic fluids.Over the course of mineralization from early to late stages，the composition of the ore-forming fluid transitioned from a medium-temperature and medium-low salinity H₂O-NaCl-CO₂ system to a medium-low temperature and medium-low salinity H₂O-NaCl system.Gold is primarily transported in the form of Au（HS）{}_{\mathrm{2}}^{-} within ore-forming fluids，with fluid immiscibility and fluids-rock reaction likely serving as the primary mechanisms for gold precipitation.When considering the geological characteristics of the Jiangdong gold deposit，along with fluid inclusion studies and H-O isotope data，it can be classified as a magmatic hydrothermal deposit associated with magmatic activity.

X-ray diffraction analysis and TOF-SIMS element surface scanning analysis were conducted to assess the processing and availability of clay-type potassium-lithium ore in the Salt Lake of Balunmahai Basin in Qaidam.Additionally，a dissolution test was performed to further investigate the potential utilization of this resource.The findings indicate that the predominant mineral types present in clay-type potassium-lithium deposits within salt lakes include rock-forming mineral fragments，salt minerals，substances adsorbed on mineral surfaces，and layered mineral structural surfaces.The primary chemical components consist of K，Na，O，Cl.The content of salt mineral components such as Cl^-，SO{}_{\mathrm{4}}^{\mathrm{2}}^-，K，Ca，Na，Mg，and B₂O₃ is notably high，while the concentrations of rare elements Li，Rb，Cs，and Sr are evident.Water-soluble substances found in the clay layer include stone salt，carnallite，and hydrochloromagnesite，with Li and K being capable of dissolution and utilization through water solutions.The analysis indicates that the predominant occurrence types of potassium （K） are soluble salt minerals，feldspar，and clay minerals.Lithium，on the other hand，is primarily found in the forms of adsorbed lithium and structural lithium.Adsorbed lithium includes water-soluble lithium and acid-leached lithium，while residual lithium is classified as structural lithium.The estimated potential resource of lithium chloride （LiCl） is 1.1441 million tons，whereas potassium chloride （KCl） is estimated at 13.9522 million tons.Dissolution tests conducted on the ore from Balunmahai Salt Lake indicate that the potassium content meets industrial standards for solid ore，while the lithium content meets criteria for liquid ore，affirming its extractability，value，processability，and accessibility.It is recommended that the comprehensive utilization grade of clay-type lithium ore exceed or equal 32.25×10^-6.

Dexin lead polymetallic deposit is one of the midium-low temperature hydrothermal polymetallic deposits controlled by structure-magmatic in the western section of the Gangdese polymetallic metallogenic belt.In order to delineate the IP intermediate gradient anomaly in this area，find out the ore-forming elements combination and narrow the prospecting target area，the physical parameters of resistivity，polarizability，main and trace elements and geochemical characteristics of the rock（ore） in Dexin lead polymetallic deposit were analyzed，and the ore-forming anomalies in the mining area were comprehensively explained，and multivariate statistical analysis of ore-forming elements was carrid out.It is found that there are obvious differences in the polarization and resistivity between the orebody and surrounding rock in the Dexin lead polymetallic mining area.According to the apparent resistivity background，it can be divided into two types，namely low resistance-high polarization and high resistance-high polarization.It is speculated that the low resistance-high polarization anomalies（JD3-5，JD4）are ore-induced anomalies with deep prospecting potential，which is one of the key areas for prospecting and exploration in the area.According to correlation，R-type clustering and principal component analysis，Pb，Zn，Cu，Mo，Ni，In and other elements have significant correlation，which are the main ore-forming elements in the Dexin mining area.The Dexin lead polymetallic deposit may have experienced multiple magmatic-hydrothermal geological processes at different stages of mineralization.The early stage was influenced by Zn-Mo-Pb and Cu-Ni-In mineralization of medium-high temperature magmatic-hydrothermal mineralization type，and the later stage was affected by fluid and surrounding rock including Sc-Cr-Li and Hf-Be elements.Through the multiple stepwise linear regression analysis of the main ore-forming elements Pb，Zn，Cu and Ni，it is concluded that Pb is strongly influenced by Ni，Mo and In，Zn is strongly influenced by Mo，Cu is significantly influenced by In and Pb，and the influence degree of Ni from large to small is In，Be，Sc and Zn.According to the empirical equation，it is found that the fitting effect is good，which can provide certain microscopic information for Pb polymetallic mineralization.This understanding can provide useful macro and micro information for prospecting prediction，and has important guiding significance for comprehensive prospecting in this area.

The Xiling gold deposit，located on the east side of the Sanshandao gold deposit，is currently the largest gold deposit and deepest gold deposit newly discovered in the Jiaodong gold concentration area.Based on the geological observations，the thermoelectric characteristics of pyrite with different depths（-699 m，-1 190 m，-1 602 m，-2 274 m，and -2 615 m below sea level） in the Xiling gold deposit were analyzed.The results show that the dispersion range and degree（14.59~46.72） of pyrite thermoelectric coefficient in the Xiling gold deposit are generally wide and relatively steady.The thermoelectric conductive type of pyrite at the shallow elevations，such as the -699 m and -1 190 m below sea level，is N-type，while that of pyrite at the deep elevations（-2 615 m below sea level） is P-type.The ore-forming temperatures are mainly concentrated at 250~360 ℃，which is generally consistent with the homogenization temperatures of quartz fluid inclusions，thus belongs to a medium-high temperature hydrothermal gold deposit.The calculated gradient value（0.00~0.29） of the thermo-electric conductive type of pyrite is small，and the estimated denudation rate of the orebody is 75%.Combined with the various parameters of the thermoelectric characteristics of pyrite，it is considered that there is a great potential for exploration in the deep part of the Xiling gold deposit，and the metallogenic depth can reach to -3 000 m below sea level. According to the known regularity of lateral prostration that gold orebodies plunge NE，it is proposed that the potential deep gold orebodies plunge NE to the -3 000 m below sea level is an effective location for deep exploration targets.Through the study of the thermoelectric properties of pyrite in the Xiling gold deposit，it can provide a scientific basis for the deep exploration and prediction of many gold deposits in the Jiaodong gold concentration area.

The Paleoproterozoic potassic-ultrapotassic magmatic rocks are widely developed in western Yunnan，forming an alkali-rich magmatic rock belt along the Jinshajiang-Ailaoshan fracture zone.Due to the lack of systematic research on these potassic-ultrapotassic magmatic rocks，there are still many debates on the petrogenesis and their relationship with mineralization.In this paper，through the collection of published whole-rock major and trace element，Sr-Nd isotope，zircon Hf isotope and geochronology data of the whole rock in the alkali-rich magmatic belt，the rock belt is divided into three parts，namely，south，central and north rock belts according to the tectonic position.Through systematic comparative analysis，it is concluded that the diagenetic age of Paleoproterozoic potassic-ultrapotassic rock formation in western Yunnan is basically the same，with a peak value of 35 Ma，which is the product of the same period of tectonic thermal events.The basic-ultramafic and intermediate-acid rocks have different genesis.The former enriched in LILEs，deficit HFSEs，high （⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr） _i，and low ε_Nd（t） values，probably originating from a slab-accounted enriched lithospheric mantle.The latter may be the product of crust-mantle mixing due to its higher SiO₂ content.The formation of both is related to the shear slip and tensile action of the Jinshajiang-Ailaoshan fault，which is the product of partial melting of the lithosphere at different depths under the same tectonic thermal event.The potassic-ultrapotassic rocks of the southern and central rock belts are closely related to porphyry Au-（Cu-Mo） deposits.The magmatic formation process may provide favorable conditions for mineralization with high oxygen fugacity and water content，as well as ore-forming materials and ore-forming fluids.

The Lajiu area in Longzi County，Tibet，has superior metallogenic geological conditions and great potential for prospecting for gold polymetallic deposits.On the premise of comprehensive analysis of the regional geological background，the favorable position for mineralization was judged by remote sensing geo-logical interpretation，and the Lajiu area was identified as Zone Ⅳ for mineralization prediction. The 1∶50 000 stream sediment survey was used to sweep the surface，and multiple geochemical comprehensive anomalies were delineated. Then other large-scale geophysical and geochemical exploration work such as 1∶10 000 soil geochemical profile measurement，mercury vapor in soil and induced polarization medium gradient survey were carried out within the Lajiu anomaly（HS-13-B₂）.Two geochemical comprehensive anomalies，three polarizable bodies and two apparent polarizability anomalies were delineated，among which favorable mineralization target areas were selected.Anomaly verification and trenching engineering reveal that three gold mineralized alteration zones had been found，which had realized new discovery of ore prospecting. Finally，a comprehensive information prospecting model based on geological，geophysical，geochemical and remote sensing charac-teristics had been preliminarily established.The practice has proved that the application of integrated geo-physical，geochemical and remote sensing prospecting methods can greatly improve the ore prospecting rate，and this work provides a reference for the future development of polymetallic prospecting and exploration in plateau mountainous areas.

Jiuzhanggou gold deposit in Songxian County，Henan Province，is located in the northern section of the Manyu-Dianfang gold ore belt in the Xiong’ershan-Waifangshan ore concentration area.It is a typical large-scale tectonic altered rock type gold deposit.Firstly，the prospecting target area was delineated by 1∶50 000 stream sediment survey.Secondly，the mineralization enrichment site was determined by 1∶10 000 soil geochemical survey.Finally，the tectonic fracture zone and mineralization intensity were identified by rock geochemical（primary halo）survey，and the relative denudation degree of orebody was predicted.The results show that geochemical measurements at different scales provide prospecting information at different stages for the exploration of the gold deposit.Among them，the stream sediment survey delineated the 11-C-Au anomaly in the Jiuzhanggou mining area.The soil geochemical survey found the 1-A₁-Au-Ag-Pb-Cu-Hg-As-Bi-Ni anomaly in Jiuzhanggou.The peak position of trace elements in the primary halo profile determined the mineralization alteration zone of F₁ structure，and finally obvious prospecting results was achieved.By summarizing the geochemical anomaly characteristics and prospecting indicators of the deposit，an exploration geochemical model was established to provide theoretical guidance for the exploration of the same type of gold deposits in the region and around the mining area.