藏南康马县布主金（锑）矿土壤地球化学异常信息提取及成矿预测

doi:10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2022.01.223

Abstract

Abstract:

Kangma area is located in the eastern part of the Tethys Himalayan tectonic domain，and it is a characteristic and important gold（antimony） metallogenic belt in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Buzhu gold（antimony） deposit is located in the Kangma area where the EW trending fault and SN trending fault intersect，and the metallogenic geological conditions are good.In this paper，1∶10 000 soil geochemical survey of Buzhu gold（antimony） deposit in Kangma County，southern Tibet was studied.Eight trace elements from soil geochemical survey in the study area were analyzed statistically by using the coefficient of change of elements and the discrete characteristics of element enrichment.By discussing the metallogenic potential of eight trace elements and combining with the characteristics of Au，Ag，As，Sb and Pb with high coefficient of variation，large degree of dispersion and many mineralization in the study area，it is considered that Au is the main metallogenic element in the study area，and Ag，As，Sb and Pb can be used as important indicator elements to search for gold deposits in this area.Cluster analysis，correlation analysis and factor analysis were used to study the rule of element association.Three groups of element association were divided.The first group was the element association of Au，Ag，As and Sb，the second was the element association of Pb and Zn，and the third was the element association of Hg and Cu.Among them，the first group of Au，Ag，As，Sb element assemblage is the main ore-forming element assemblage in the study area，Au is the most important ore-forming element in the study area，Ag，As，Sb element is an important indicator element to search for gold deposits in the area，which has a good ore-prospecting prospect.The method of mean ±3 times standard deviation was used to study the geochemical anomalies and determine the lower limit of the anomalies.Combined with the contrast anomaly delineation method，seven major element comprehensive anomalies （HS-1~HS-7） with good correlation with gold elements were delineated.Combined with the regional metallogenic geological background and the geological-geochemical characteristics of the study area，two favorable prospecting target areas are delineated.The geochemical anomalies in the two target areas are significant，with prominent concentration centers and good combination of anomalies，which have great prospecting potential.Through the field geological survey，it was found that limonite fossil quartz vein was found in target area 1，and local intense limonitization occurred，which is a key ore prospecting area for the next step.

Key words: gold（antimony） deposit, geochemical characteristics, contrast anomaly delineation method, target area delineation, metallogenic prediction, Kangma County

CLC Number:

P618.51

Yu ZHANG,Junhao WEI,Wenjie SHI,Guomeng LI,Xinqi ZHOU,Guozheng Mao,Chenglin LIU. Soil Geochemical Anomaly Information Extraction and Metallogenic Prediction of the Buzhu Gold（Antimony） Deposit in the Kangma County，South Tibet[J].Gold Science and Technology, 2022, 30(1): 1-18.

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Table 8

Distribution characteristics of soil geochemical survey comprehensive anomalies in the study area"

异常编号	面积/km²	元素组合	异常特征
HS-1	0.556	Sb-Au-Hg-As-Ag-Cu-Zn	异常区位于研究区西部。岩性主要为灰黑色泥钙质板岩夹灰岩、灰黑—灰白色板岩。Au、As、Ag、Cu、Zn元素套合较好，主成矿元素Au最高值为187.00×10^-9，Ag最高值为3 980.00×10^-6，As最高值为1 000.00×10^-9，Sb异常规模较大
HS-2	0.184	Au-Ag-Hg-Cu	异常区位于研究区西部。岩性主要为灰黑色泥钙质板岩、灰黑—灰白色板岩等，小型辉绿岩脉广泛分布。Au元素具有较好的三级浓度分带，Au最高值为397.00×10^-9，Ag、Cu、Hg仅有外带，异常规模较小
HS-3	0.871	Sb-Au-Ag-As-Hg-Cu-Zn	异常区位于研究区中北部。岩性主要为灰黑色泥钙质板岩夹灰岩、灰黑—灰白色板岩等，辉绿岩脉广泛分布。该异常是研究区内面积较大的异常，异常内部浓集中心较多，异常整体为SN-NE向，内部浓集中心方向较复杂，有NW向趋势。各元素浓集中心较对应。Au、As、Ag元素套合较好，As、Ag具有异常高峰值且有明显的三级分带。主成矿元素Au最高值为416.00×10^-9，Ag最高值为3 990.00×10^-6，As最高值为1 000.00×10^-9
HS-4	0.055	Au-Ag-Sb-Pb-Zn	异常区位于研究区中部。岩性为灰黑色泥钙质板岩，NW向断裂破碎带穿过。Au、Sb、Ag、Pb、Zn元素套合非常好且有明显的三级分带，主成矿元素Au最高值为168.00×10^-9，Ag最高值为2 340.00×10^-6，Sb最高值为54.2×10^-6，Pb最高值为1 330.00×10^-6，Au异常规模较大
HS-5	1.236	Au-As-Ag-Sb-Hg-Pb-Zn-Cu	异常区位于研究区东北部。异常面积最大，呈NW走向，强度较大，浓集中心较多，套合性较好。岩性主要为灰黑色泥钙质板岩、灰黑色含褐铁矿条带板岩等。赋存Au-Ⅱ、Au-Ⅲ矿体的NW向断裂破碎带穿过。该异常为研究区与矿化蚀变对应性较好、强度较大的异常。覆盖了Au-Ⅱ、Au-Ⅲ矿体，且向东未封闭。Au、As、Ag、Pb、Zn元素套合较好，具有明显的三级分带，主成矿元素Au最高值为500.00×10^-9，Ag最高值为2 320.00×10^-6，As最高值为1 000.00×10^-9，Pb最高值为5 000.00×10^-6。其中，Au、Pb异常在该区有较好的指示意义
HS-6	0.113	As-Au-Pb-Ag-Zn	异常区位于研究区东部。岩性主要为灰黑色泥钙质板岩、黄褐色泥钙质板岩等，辉绿岩脉和硅化带发育。Au、Ag、Pb元素有明显的三级分带，异常套合一般。主成矿元素Au最高值为741.00×10^-9，Ag最高值为4 410.00×10^-6，As最高值为1 000.00×10^-6，Pb最高值为2 100.00×10^-6
HS-7	0.129	As-Au-Pb-Zn-Ag-Cu-Sb-Hg	异常区位于研究区东部。岩性主要为灰黑色含褐铁矿条带板岩、灰黑色泥钙质板岩等。SN向断裂带穿过。Au、As异常面积较大，As、Au、Ag、Sb、Hg高度浓集

Table 8

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分析方法	元素及含量单位	规范要求检出限	实际检出限	分析仪器
ICP-MS	w（Au）/（×10^-9）	0.30	0.20	ICP-MS电感耦合等离子体质谱仪
XRF	w（Cu）/（×10^-6）	1.00	0.95	X射线荧光光谱仪
	w（Pb）/（×10^-6）	2.00	1.94
	w（Zn）/（×10^-6）	10.00	2.54
ES	w（Ag）/（×10^-9）	20.00	10.20	WP1平面光栅摄谱仪
AFS	w（As）/（×10^-6）	1.00	0.29	原子荧光分光光度计
	w（Sb）/（×10^-6）	0.10	0.06
	w（Hg）/（×10^-9）	5.00	1.27

测试指标	测试样品	处理方法	测定方法
Cu、Pb、Zn	4.0 g样品	粉末压饼	X荧光法（XRF）
Au	10.0 g样品、王水溶样	泡沫塑料吸附分离硫脲提取	等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）
As、Sb、Hg	0.5000 g样品、1∶1王水溶样	还原掩蔽剂（硫脲—抗坏血酸）预还原， KBH₄还原、氢化法	原子荧光法（AFS）
Ag	0.1000 g样品	加入0.1 g缓冲剂、一次射谱，用CCD检测器采集数据	发射光谱法（ES）

参数名称	Au^*	Ag	As	Sb	Hg^*	Cu	Pb	Zn
元素质量分数最小值	0.21	30.00	2.08	0.06	1.39	4.30	4.70	5.35
元素质量分数最大值	500.00	5 000.00	1 000.00	100.00	1 000.00	446.00	5 000.00	5 000.00
元素质量分数平均值	9.63	215.37	111.48	5.59	30.31	29.42	40.25	91.28
元素背景值	2.16	112.78	79.17	3.95	24.41	25.77	26.21	80.54
原始标准差	33.10	427.56	126.44	7.60	23.34	20.82	143.22	135.59
背景标准差	1.64	64.78	47.78	1.93	9.20	4.24	6.10	13.53
原始变异系数C_V1	3.44	1.99	1.13	1.36	0.77	0.71	3.56	1.49
背景变异系数C_V2	0.76	0.56	0.60	0.49	0.38	0.16	0.23	0.17
C_V1/C_V2	4.52	3.55	1.89	2.77	2.03	4.42	15.47	8.74
全国背景值	2.03	93.82	13.29	1.42	59.06	25.56	29.19	77.17

系数	Au	Ag	As	Sb	Hg	Cu	Pb	Zn
Au	1
Ag	0.563	1
As	0.588	0.612	1
Sb	0.221	0.258	0.328	1
Hg	0.112	0.054	0.084	0.251	1
Cu	0.138	0.078	0.181	0.087	0.382	1
Pb	0.394	0.466	0.268	0.185	0.042	0.056	1
Zn	0.405	0.447	0.309	0.182	0.088	0.151	0.840	1

元素	成分
元素	F1	F2	F3
Au	0.746	0.297	0.042
Ag	0.757	0.367	-0.052
As	0.874	0.095	0.062
Sb	0.519	-0.015	0.319
Hg	0.070	0.002	0.843
Cu	0.065	0.087	0.779
Pb	0.206	0.930	0.011
Zn	0.212	0.923	0.102
特征值	3.164	1.392	1.095
方差贡献率/%	39.555	17.406	13.687
累积方差贡献率/%	39.555	56.961	70.648

Soil Geochemical Anomaly Information Extraction and Metallogenic Prediction of the Buzhu Gold（Antimony） Deposit in the Kangma County，South Tibet

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元素异常参数	Au^*	Ag	Hg^*	As	Sb	Cu	Pb	Zn
标准离差	1.64	64.78	9.20	47.78	1.93	4.24	6.10	13.53
平均值（背景值）	2.16	112.78	24.41	79.17	3.95	25.77	26.21	80.54
理论异常下限	5.44	242.34	42.79	174.73	7.82	34.25	38.40	107.59
实际异常下限	6.00	250.00	43.00	180.00	8.00	35.00	40.00	108.00
外带	6.00	250.00	43.00	180.00	8.00	35.00	40.00	108.00
中带	12.00	500.00	86.00	360.00	16.00	70.00	80.00	216.00
内带	24.00	1 000.00	172.00	720.00	32.00	140.00	160.00	432.00

异常编号	异常元素	样点数	异常下限	峰值	异常均值	面积/km²	衬度值K	规模
HS-1	Au	7	6	187.0	37.16	0.039	6.19	0.242
	Ag	8	250	3 980.0	824.83	0.054	3.30	0.178
	As	6	180	1 000.0	580.83	0.043	3.23	0.139
	Pb	2	40	2 634.0	249.60	0.008	6.24	0.047
HS-2	Au	9	6	397.0	59.56	0.035	9.93	0.347
HS-2	Ag	31	250	3 990.0	673.12	0.105	2.69	0.283
HS-3	Au	89	6	416.0	46.03	0.352	7.67	2.700
	Ag	19	250	3 990.0	673.12	0.083	2.69	0.223
	As	116	180	1 000.0	519.36	0.461	2.89	1.330
	Sb	7	8	69.1	22.06	0.035	2.76	0.097
HS-4	Au	8	6	168.0	77.45	0.015	12.91	0.194
	Ag	6	250	2 340.0	925.72	0.014	3.70	0.052
	As	6	180	1 000.0	632.70	0.012	3.52	0.042
	Pb	7	40	1 330.0	228.47	0.021	5.71	0.120
HS-5	Au	33	6	500.0	48.16	0.118	8.03	0.947
	Ag	46	250	2 320.0	349.70	0.109	1.40	0.152
	As	88	180	1 000.0	322.19	0.253	1.79	0.453
	Sb	16	8	100.0	16.48	0.066	2.06	0.136
	Pb	18	40	5 000.0	232.92	0.118	5.82	0.687
HS-6	Au	8	6	74.1	53.20	0.034	8.87	0.301
	Ag	5	250	4 410.0	1 083.74	0.026	4.33	0.113
	As	18	180	1 000.0	357.23	0.072	1.98	0.143
	Pb	10	40	2 100.0	251.80	0.348	6.30	2.191
HS-7	Au	8	6	328.0	53.03	0.034	8.84	0.301
	Ag	7	250	4 120.0	911.39	0.023	3.65	0.084
	As	18	180	1 000.0	320.08	0.070	1.78	0.124
	Sb	9	8	42.1	13.33	0.024	1.67	0.040
	Pb	12	40	2 550.0	267.70	0.035	6.69	0.236

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