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黄金科学技术 ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (3): 343-351.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2022.03.070

• 采空区专栏 • 上一篇    

基于三维激光扫描点云数据的地下巷道岩体结构面识别及稳定性分析

李杰林1,2(),白德威1,杨承业1,张玮3,张孝平4   

  1. 1.中南大学资源与安全工程学院,湖南 长沙 410083
    2.金属矿山安全与健康国家重点实验室,安徽 马鞍山 243000
    3.玉溪大红山矿业有限公司,云南 玉溪 653100
    4.天河道云(北京)科技有限公司,北京 100176
  • 收稿日期:2021-06-05 修回日期:2021-09-15 出版日期:2022-06-30 发布日期:2022-09-14
  • 作者简介:李杰林(1982-),男,湖南宁远人,副教授,从事金属矿山开采、采空区处理及矿山岩石力学等研究工作。lijielin@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    金属矿山安全与健康国家重点实验室开放课题“深部高应力巷道围岩结构面与危险块体自动识别方法研究”(2020-JSKSSYS-06);中南大学研究生自主探索创新项目“基于三维激光扫描点云数据的岩体工程结构体智能识别方法研究”(2020zzts713)

Recognition and Stability Analysis of Underground Tunnel Rock Mass Structural Plane Based on 3D Laser Scanning Point Cloud Data

Jielin LI1,2(),Dewei BAI1,Chengye YANG1,Wei ZHANG3,Xiaoping ZHANG4   

  1. 1.School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
    2.State Key Laboratory of Safety and Health for Metal Mine, Maanshan 243000, Anhui, China
    3.Yuxi Dahongshan Mining Co. , Ltd. , Yuxi 653100, Yunan, China
    4.Tianhe Daoyun (Beijing) Technology Co. , Ltd. , Beijing 100176, China
  • Received:2021-06-05 Revised:2021-09-15 Online:2022-06-30 Published:2022-09-14

摘要:

巷道围岩中发育的结构面对巷道稳定性有很大的影响,开展地下巷道的工程地质调查,精确获取地下巷道围岩结构面信息是巷道稳定性分析的关键。以云南大红山铁矿775 m 中段运输巷道为研究对象,采用三维激光扫描仪获取围岩结构面点云数据,并利用点云数据处理软件进行误差处理、坐标校正、结构面数据提取、点云拼接和过滤抽稀等内业数据处理工作,基于处理结果开展了统计分析;利用离散元软件3DEC建立了离散结构网络模型与地下巷道合成岩体模型,并对该巷道在自重及爆破振动作用下的失稳概率进行了数值模拟。结果表明:三维激光扫描技术可较好地获取巷道围岩的结构面信息,结合离散块体单元计算软件对巷道岩石块体的稳定性进行进一步分析,所分析区域的围岩自稳能力较好,但在爆破振动影响下失稳概率大幅增加,研究结果可为巷道的支护设计提供理论指导。

关键词: 地下巷道, 三维激光扫描技术, 结构面网络模拟, 稳定性分析, 块体失稳

Abstract:

The surrounding rock of the underground tunnel is distributed with structural planes of different occurrences and sizes. The structural planes determine the deformation characteristics and stress-strain mode of the rock mass to a certain extent,which weaken the stability of the rock mass locally,which has a significant impact on the safety of the tunnel engineering. It is very necessary to carry out the engineering geological survey of the underground tunnel and the quantitative analysis of the rock mass structure. To get the structural plane information of the underground tunnel accurately and do stability analysis for the surrounding rock of the tunnel,a three-dimensional laser scanner was used to obtain the point cloud data of the surrounding rock structural plane in the 775 m level drift of the Dahongshan iron mine in Yunnan. A series of work such as correction,structure surface data extraction,point cloud splicing,filtering and thinning,etc.,carried out statistical analysis based on the processing results. According to this statistical result,the discrete element software 3DEC is used to establish the discrete structure network model and a coupling model of an underground tunnel,and numerical simulation of the instability probability of the tunnel under its own weight and blasting vibration is carried out. The results show that the 3D laser scanning technology can better obtain the rock mass discontinuities information of the drift,and the discrete block unit calculation software can further analyze the stability of the drift rock block. The self-stabilizing ability of the surrounding rock in the analyzed area is good,but the instability probability increases greatly under the influence of blasting vibration. The research result can provide theoretical guidance for the support design of the tunnel.

Key words: underground tunnel, 3D laser scanning technology, discontinuities network simulation, stability analysis, block instability

中图分类号: 

  • TD322.4

图1

三维激光扫描工作图"

图2

基于激光扫描数据的结构面信息提取"

表1

DFN模型输入参数"

组数结构面尺寸分布平均结构面半径/m结构面取向分布Fisher常数κ平均倾向/(°)平均倾角/(°)结构面体积密度/(m-3
1正态分布1.7782Fisher76.0225177760.0418
2正态分布2.1113Fisher65.1091110730.0366
3正态分布1.8026Fisher74.033717530.0211
4正态分布1.9017Fisher71.6246271700.0914

图3

离散结构面网络模型图"

表2

DFN模型参数检验"

组数p检验方法
平均结构面半径平均倾向平均倾角
10.3420.1750.073T分布检验
20.4230.3210.420
30.2310.1050.386
40.0900.1290.233

图4

巷道合成岩体模型图"

表3

围岩和结构面物理力学参数"

类型弹模E0/GPa容重/(kN·m-3泊松比黏聚力/MPa内摩擦角/(°)抗拉强度
围岩28270.262.40481.50
结构面---0~0.0623~26-

图5

巷道失稳块体分布图"

表4

随机块体的模拟结果"

组号块体总数最大体积/m3平均体积/m3自由块体数目自重失稳块体数目爆破振动下块体失稳数目

自重块体失稳

概率/%

爆破块体失稳概率/%
平均值9530.37650.014526626809.830.1
19160.40740.020824718677.327.1
28320.31280.011323121759.132.5
31 1970.30060.009532627938.328.5
41 1050.31150.01383253810611.732.6
57740.51950.0104208247911.538.0
69010.39940.0086253267710.330.4
78930.41830.030523122749.532.0
81 0920.33640.0204296368912.330.1
91 0070.35150.006730226728.623.8
108110.40760.013224122639.126.1

图6

块体失稳概率变化折线图"

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