img

QQ群聊

img

官方微信

高级检索

黄金科学技术 ›› 2021, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (5): 629-636.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2021.05.023

• 稀贵金属前沿快讯 •    下一篇

深部硬岩可切割性及非爆机械化破岩实践

王少锋(),李夕兵   

  1. 中南大学资源与安全工程学院,湖南 长沙 410083
  • 收稿日期:2021-02-07 修回日期:2021-05-22 出版日期:2021-10-31 发布日期:2021-12-17
  • 作者简介:王少锋(1989-),男,河南洛阳人,特聘教授,从事深部硬岩破碎与岩体灾害防控方面的研究工作。sf.wang@csu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目“深部高应力下镐形截齿破岩特性及诱导调控机理”(51904333)

Cutting Characteristic and Non-explosive Mechanized Rock-breakage Practice of Deep Hard Rock

Shaofeng WANG(),Xibing LI   

  1. School of Resources and Safety Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410083,Hunan,China
  • Received:2021-02-07 Revised:2021-05-22 Online:2021-10-31 Published:2021-12-17

摘要:

为了系统地认识应力条件、矿岩特性和破岩参数等因素对深部硬岩截割特性的影响,梳理并总结了以往关于深部硬岩截割特性室内试验及非爆机械化破岩现场实践工作。根据3种应力环境对镐型截齿静态和动静组合破岩特性的影响,结合构建的截齿破岩峰值载荷理论及回归模型,发现硬岩在较低围压或无围压条件下具有安全高效的破碎表现;根据高单轴围压下截齿破岩扰动诱发岩爆的过程和机理,揭示了采矿过程中由开采扰动诱发高应力矿柱岩爆的发生机制;基于加卸荷诱导损伤、预切槽和预钻孔等人为诱导缺陷对镐型截齿破岩特性的影响研究,得到人为诱导缺陷可有效提高硬岩的可切割性,获得了改善硬岩可切割性的成套方法;现场试验了多种机械化破岩方法,提出了基于应力解除和动静组合破岩的预切槽硬岩矿体旋转振动连续截割设备及其施工工艺。研究结果可为深部硬岩矿体非爆机械化规模开采提供理论基础和现场实践经验。

关键词: 深部高应力, 硬岩, 可切割性, 岩爆, 诱导缺陷, 非爆机械化开采

Abstract:

The factors such as stress conditions,ore-rock properties and breakage parameters significantly affect the cutting characteristics of deep hard rock,which are also the key factors to determine the successful application of non-explosive mechanized mining. According to the three types of stress conditions of biaxial (single-face excavation),uniaxial (pillar) and low or even unconfined stress (excavation damage zone around pillar) on the rock mass near the mining operation surface,the influences of the above three types of stress conditions on the static and coupled static-dynamic rock breakage characteristics using a conical pick were systematically investigated. Combined with the established peak force theory and regression model of rock fragmentation using a conical pick,it is found that the hard rock has safe and efficient breakage performance under the conditions of low or no confining pressure. According to the process and mechanism of rock burst induced by the disturbance of rock fragmentation using conical pick under high uniaxial confining stress,the mechanism of rock burst induced by mining disturbance in high stress pillar was revealed. The effects of artificially induced defects,such as loading/unloading-induced damage,pre-slitting and pre-drilling,on rock breakage characteristics using a conical pick were investigated. The results show that the artificially induced defects can effectively improve the cuttability of hard rock,and a complete set of methods for improving the cuttability of hard rock were obtained. A variety of mechanized methods for rock breakage have been tested in the mining field,and a rotary vibration continuous cutting equipment based on pre-slitting in hard ore-rock for stress relief and usage of coupled static-dynamic rock breakage have been proposed. The above research results can provide theoretical basis and field practice experience for the large-scale non-explosive mechanized mining in deep hard rock mine.

Key words: deep high stress, hard rock, cuttability, rockburst, induced defects, non-explosive mechanized mining

中图分类号: 

  • TD80

图1

镐型截齿破岩试验系统(Li et al.,2018)"

图2

深部高应力诱导调控方法(Wang et al.,2019a)"

图3

高速摄像仪拍摄的岩爆过程(Wang et al.,2018,2020)"

图4

基于深部高应力诱导调控的非爆机械化采矿试验(Wang et al.,2020) (a)诱导工程开挖和应力调控措施;(b)采场布置情况;(c)纵轴悬臂式掘进机破岩;(d)挖掘机载高频破碎锤破岩;(e)挖掘机载铣挖头破岩;(f)铲运机载高频破碎锤破岩"

图5

以非爆机械化/智能化开采为关键过渡阶段的采矿技术变革模式"

Bilgin N , Copur H , Balci C ,2013.Mechanical Excavation in Mining and Civil Industries[M]. Boca Raton:CRC Press.
Cai Meifeng ,2020.Key theories and technogies for surrounding rock stability and ground control in deep mining[J].Journal of Mining and Strata Control Engineering,2(3):5-13.
Cai Meifeng , Xue Dinglong , Ren Fenhua ,2019.Current status and development strategy of metal mines[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering,41(4):417-426.
He Manchao ,2021.Research progress of deep shaft construction mechanics[J].Journal of China Coal Society,46(3):726-746.
Hu Biwei , Yin Tubing , Li Xibing ,2020.Experimental study on mechanical impact breaking rock with microwave radiation[J].Gold Science and Technology,28(4):521-530.
Hu Shengsan , Liu Xiuyuan , Cheng Yuqi ,2010.Technical revolution in coal mining history:40 years development of fully mechanized coal mining in China[J].Journal of China Coal Society,35(11):1769-1771.
Kang Hongpu ,2021.Seventy yeas development and prospects of strata control technology for coal mine roadways in China[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,40(1):1-30.
Li Gensheng , Liao Hualin , Huang Zhongwei , al et ,2009.Rock damage mechanisms under ultra-high pressure water jet impact[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,45(10):284-292.
Li X B , Wang S F , Wang S Y ,2018.Experimental investigation of the influence of confining stress on hard rock fragmentation using a conical pick[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,51:255-277.
Li Xibing , Wang Shaofeng , Zhao Guoyan , al et ,2016 .A rotary vibration continuous cutting equipment for precutting hard rock orebody and its construction technology:CN105804743A [P].2016-07-27.
Li Xibing , Yao Jinrui , Du Kun ,2013.Preliminary study for induced fracture and non-explosive continuous mining in high-geostress hard rock mine—A case study of Kaiyang phosphate mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,32(6):1101-1111.
Li Xibing , Zhou Jian , Wang Shaofeng , al et ,2017.Review and practice of deep mining for solid mineral resources[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,27(6):1236-1262.
Lu Gaoming , Li Yuanhui , Hassani F , al et ,2016.A review of theoretical and experimental studies of mechanical rock fragmentation with microwave assisted approach[J].Chinese Jo-urnal of Geotechnical Engineering,38(8):1497-1506.
Wang Hong ,2010.The 40 years developmental review of the fully mechanized mine roadway heading technology in China[J].Journal of China Coal Society,35(11):1815-1820.
Wang S F , Huang L Q , Li X B ,2020.Analysis of rockburst triggered by hard rock fragmentation using a conical pick under high uniaxial stress[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,96:103195.
Wang S F , Li X B , Du K , al et ,2018.Experimental investigation of hard rock fragmentation using a conical pick on true triaxial test apparatus[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,79:210-223.
Wang S F , Li X B , Yao J R , al et ,2019a.Experimental investigation of rock breakage by a conical pick and its application to non-explosive mechanized mining in deep hard rock[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,122:104063.
Wang S F , Sun L C , Huang L Q , al et ,2019b.Non-explosive mining and waste utilization for achieving green mining in underground hard rock mine in China[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,29:1914-1928.
Wang S F , Sun L C , Li X B , al et ,2021.Experimental investigation of cuttability improvement for hard rock fragmentation using conical cutter[J].International Journal of Geomecha-nics,21(2):06020039.
Wang Shaofeng , Li Xibing , Gong Fengqiang , al et ,2021.Breakage characteristics and mechanized mining experiment in deep hard rock[J].Journal of Central South University(Sci-ence and Technology),52(8):2772-2782.
Wu Li , Zhang Shizhong , Lin Feng ,2000.Synthesizing comment on modern rock fragmentation methods[J].Exploration Engineering(Rock & Soil Drilling and Tunneling),(2):49-51.
Xie Heping ,2019.Research review of the state key research development program of China:Deep rock mechanics and mining theory[J].Journal of China Coal Society,44(5):1283-1305.
Zhang Guiju , Tan Qing , Lao Tongbing ,2019.Disc cutter cutting mechanism under different combined dynamic and static loading conditions[J]. Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),50(3):540-549.
Zhang Guiju , Tan Qing , Lao Tongbing ,2020.Analysis of rock breaking mechanics model for TBM disc cutter[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),51(10):2792-2799.
Zheng Y L , He L ,2021.TBM tunneling in extremely hard and abrasive rocks: Problems, solutions and assisting methods[J].Journal of Central South University,28(2):454-480.
蔡美峰 ,2020.深部开采围岩稳定性与岩层控制关键理论和技术[J].采矿与岩层控制工程学报,2(3):5-13.
蔡美峰,薛鼎龙,任奋华 ,2019.金属矿深部开采现状与发展战略[J].工程科学学报,41(4):417-426.
何满潮 ,2021.深部建井力学研究进展[J].煤炭学报,46(3):726-746.
胡毕伟,尹土兵,李夕兵 ,2020.微波辐射辅助机械冲击破碎岩石动力学试验研究[J].黄金科学技术,28(4):521-530.
胡省三,刘修源,成玉琪 ,2010.采煤史上的技术革命——我国综采发展40a[J].煤炭学报,35(11):1769-1771.
康红普 ,2021.我国煤矿巷道围岩控制技术发展70年及展望[J].岩石力学与工程学报,40(1):1-30.
李根生,廖华林,黄中伟,等 ,2009.超高压水射流作用下岩石损伤破碎机理[J].机械工程学报,45(10):284-292.
李夕兵,王少锋,赵国彦,等,2016 .一种预切槽硬岩矿体旋转振动连续截割设备及其施工工艺:CN105804743A [P].2016-07-27.
李夕兵,姚金蕊,杜坤 ,2013.高地应力硬岩矿山诱导致裂非爆连续开采初探——以开阳磷矿为例[J].岩石力学与工程学报,32(6):1101-1111.
李夕兵,周健,王少锋,等 ,2017.深部固体资源开采评述与探索[J].中国有色金属学报,27(6):1236-1262.
卢高明,李元辉, Hassani F ,等 ,2016.微波辅助机械破岩试验和理论研究进展[J].岩土工程学报,38(8):1497-1506.
王虹 ,2010.我国综合机械化掘进技术发展40a[J].煤炭学报,35(11):1815-1820.
王少锋,李夕兵,宫凤强,等 ,2021.深部硬岩截割特性与机械化破岩试验研究[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),52(8):2772-2782.
吴立,张时忠,林峰 ,2000.现代破岩方法综述[J].探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程),(2):49-51.
谢和平 ,2019.深部岩体力学与开采理论研究进展[J].煤炭学报,44(5):1283-1305.
张桂菊,谭青,劳同炳 ,2019.不同动静载荷组合作用下盘形滚刀破岩机制[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),50(3):540-549.
张桂菊,谭青,劳同炳 ,2020.TBM盘形滚刀切削力学模型分析[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),51(10):2792-2799.
[1] 赵国彦,党成凯,刘焕新,刘洋,肖屈日,李洋,陈立强,毛文杰. 基于距离判别分析的矿山岩爆倾向性评价[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2021, 29(5): 690-697.
[2] 唐宇,王少锋. 单向受限应力下镐型截齿破岩特性及其影响因素分析[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2021, 29(5): 669-679.
[3] 景岳,王少锋,鲁金涛. 矿岩开挖松动区厚度预测及非爆机械化开采判据[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2021, 29(4): 525-534.
[4] 杜坤,杨颂歌,苏睿,杨成志,王少锋. 不同应力条件下硬岩强度与破裂特性试验研究[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2021, 29(3): 372-381.
[5] 田睿,孟海东,陈世江,王创业,孙德宁,石磊. 基于机器学习的3种岩爆烈度分级预测模型对比研究[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2020, 28(6): 920-929.
[6] 许瑞, 侯奎奎, 王玺, 刘兴全, 李夕兵. 基于核主成分分析与SVM的岩爆烈度组合预测模型[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2020, 28(4): 575-584.
[7] 李彤彤, 王玺, 刘焕新, 侯奎奎, 李夕兵. 基于组合赋权的T-FME岩爆倾向性预测模型研究及应用[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2020, 28(4): 565-574.
[8] 于世波, 杨小聪, 原野, 王志修. 深部区域采矿时序的地压调控卸荷效应研究[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2020, 28(3): 345-352.
[9] 李任豪,顾合龙,李夕兵,侯奎奎,朱明德,王玺. 基于PSO-RBF神经网络模型的岩爆倾向性预测[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2020, 28(1): 134-141.
[10] 吕闹,汪海波. 厚硬顶板弱化前后垮落致灾数值模拟研究[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2019, 27(2): 257-264.
[11] 王旷,李夕兵,马春德,顾合龙. 基于改进的RS-TOPSIS模型的岩爆倾向性预测[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2019, 27(1): 80-88.
[12] 李夕兵,刘冰. 硬岩矿山充填开采现状评述与探索[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2018, 26(4): 492-502.
[13] 卢富然, 陈建宏. 基于AHP和熵权TOPSIS模型的岩爆预测方法[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2018, 26(3): 365-371.
[14] 吴昊, 陈炳瑞, 池秀文, 王搏, 徐世达, 姜洪波. 基于区域性微震活动的深部采场稳定性分析[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2018, 26(3): 325-333.
[15] 胡毅夫,汪业青,聂峥,马元军,张常亮. 渣滓溪锑矿岩爆防治方法研究[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2016, 24(3): 9-13.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited

  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!