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黄金科学技术 ›› 2021, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (3): 364-371.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2021.03.002

• 采选技术与矿山管理 • 上一篇    

基于改流体放矿技术的放矿口尺寸试验研究

张淦(),陶干强(),吴宇轩   

  1. 南华大学资源环境与安全工程学院,湖南 衡阳 421001
  • 收稿日期:2020-12-22 修回日期:2021-01-18 出版日期:2021-06-30 发布日期:2021-07-14
  • 通讯作者: 陶干强 E-mail:736998733@qq.com;nhutgq@126.com
  • 作者简介:张淦(1994-),男,山西大同人,硕士研究生,从事金属矿山采矿工艺研究工作。736998733@qq.com

Experimental Study on the Ore-drawing Port Size Based on Inserts Ore Drawing Technique

Gan ZHANG(),Ganqiang TAO(),Yuxuan WU   

  1. School of Resource Environment and Safety Engineering,University of South China,Hengyang 421001,Hunan,China
  • Received:2020-12-22 Revised:2021-01-18 Online:2021-06-30 Published:2021-07-14
  • Contact: Ganqiang TAO E-mail:736998733@qq.com;nhutgq@126.com

摘要:

针对无底柱分段崩落法开采中厚倾斜矿体普遍存在矿石损失贫化较高的问题,提出了改流体放矿技术。其基本原理是在回采进路矿岩接触处设立改流隔离板,以改变矿岩的流动路径并改善放矿条件。通过采用改流体放矿技术,开展了12组改流体放矿物理模拟试验,分析了改流体放矿技术中不同放矿口尺寸对矿石损失贫化的影响。试验结果表明:采用改流体放矿技术,适当调整放矿口尺寸可有效改善放矿效果;放矿过程中,增大放矿口宽度后,改流体结构能够有效改变废石原有的流动路径,防止矿石过早贫化;放矿口高度为3 m、宽度为6 m的方案放矿效果最佳,该方案下矿石回收率为73.61%。

关键词: 无底柱分段崩落法, 中厚倾斜矿体, 改流体, 放矿口尺寸, 矿石损失, 矿石贫化

Abstract:

Sublevel caving method without sill pillar is gradually applied to mining of inclined medium-thick ore bodies,for it has the advantages of simple craft,safety,high efficiency,high mechanization and low mining cost.Nevertheless,its high ore loss and high dilution in the mining of the inclined medium-thick orebody are still ubiquitous,so the inserts drawing technology was proposed.The basic principle of this technology is to insert steel pipes at the contact point of drift to form a diversion isolation plate (inserts) to change the flow path of the ore and the rock,and also to improve the conditions of drawing.By adopting inserts drawing technology,12 sets of physical simulation experiments of inserts drawing were carried out to analyze the influence of different sizes of drawing point on the ore loss and dilution of inserts drawing technology.The experimental results show that when the following drawing indexes are determined,such as the orebody inclination,orebody thickness,sublevel height and ore caving interval,and the inserts drawing technology is adopted,with the same height of the drawing point,the ore recovery rate increases with the augment of the width of the drawing point accordingly,and the dilution rate does not change significantly with the increase of the width of the drawing point.With the same width of the drawing point,the ore recovery decreases as the height of the drawing point increases,while the dilution rate increases with the increase of the height of the drawing point.Under the condition of the same dilution rate,compared with the conventional drawing,the recovery rate of inserts drawing is increased by 28.33%.In the process of drawing,the width of drawing point is increased,and the inserts structure can effectively change the original flow path of the waste rock,delay the flow rate of the waste rock,and prevent the waste rock from being prematurely depleted.The drawing scheme with a height of 3 m and a width of 6 m has the best drawing effect,and the ore recovery rate is 73.61%.

Key words: sublevel caving method without sill pillar, inclined medium-thick orebody, inserts, sizes of drawing point, ore loss, ore dilution

中图分类号: 

  • TD853.3

图1

料仓中改流体的作用"

图2

改流体放矿原理示意图1.右侧改流隔离板;2.上部改流隔离板;3.左侧改流隔离板"

图3

模型结构示意图"

表1

改流体放矿试验方案"

试验方案放矿口宽度/m放矿口高度/m试验方案放矿口宽度/m放矿口高度/m
133753
234854
335955
4431063
5441164
6451265

表2

矿石和废石散体级配"

采场级配/mm室内级配/mm矿石质量百分比/%废石质量百分比/%
0~1000~25.01.0
100~2002~420.01.0
200~3004~660.07.0
300~4006~84.550.5
400~5008~1010.540.5

图4

试验装矿模型"

图5

改流体放矿过程"

表3

改流体放矿物理试验数据统计"

方案放矿口宽度/m放矿口高度/m矿岩放出量/g矿石放出量/g废石放出量/g矿石回收率/%废石混入率/%
13316 3609 0477 31353.2044.70
23418 1188 3499 76950.5753.92
33517 3106 85410 45642.5460.40
44319 21510 3318 88461.9346.24
54419 6308 76910 86155.1255.33
64518 5047 27611 22847.5560.68
75321 01311 0779 93668.1847.29
85420 6299 14111 48859.7555.69
95521 7508 05313 69755.2462.98
106322 21711 57410 64373.6147.91
116421 4839 54111 94264.2455.59
126522 3488 20114 14758.8963.30

图6

不同放矿口尺寸对应的矿石回收率"

图7

不同放矿口宽度条件下累计放矿量与废石混入率的关系曲线"

图8

不同放矿口高度条件下的累计放矿量与废石混入率的关系曲线"

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