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黄金科学技术 ›› 2020, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (4): 541-549.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2020.04.145

• 采选技术与矿山管理 • 上一篇    下一篇

砂土介质振弦式土压力盒标定试验

简筝1(),赵国彦1(),王玺2,马举1,肖屈日1   

  1. 1.中南大学资源与安全工程学院,湖南 长沙 410083
    2.山东黄金矿业科技有限公司深井开采实验室分公司,山东 莱州 261400
  • 收稿日期:2019-08-20 修回日期:2020-05-18 出版日期:2020-08-31 发布日期:2020-08-27
  • 通讯作者: 赵国彦 E-mail:539873361@qq.com;Gy.zhao@263.net
  • 作者简介:简筝(1994-),男,湖南长沙人,硕士研究生,从事矿山安全监测与灾害预警技术方面的研究工作。539873361@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目“深部金属矿绿色开采技术集成与示范”(2018YFC0604606)

Calibration Tests of Vibrating Wire Earth Pressure Cells in Sand Soil

Zheng JIAN1(),Guoyan ZHAO1(),Xi WANG2,Ju MA1,Quri XIAO1   

  1. 1.School of Resources and Safety Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410083,Hunan,China
    2.Deep Mining Laboratory Subsidiary of Shandong Gold Mining Technology Co. ,Ltd. ,Yantai 261400,Shandong,China
  • Received:2019-08-20 Revised:2020-05-18 Online:2020-08-31 Published:2020-08-27
  • Contact: Guoyan ZHAO E-mail:539873361@qq.com;Gy.zhao@263.net

摘要:

由于土压力盒材料与砂土在物理力学性质上的差异,在刚性加载砂标试验中土压力盒受力面易出现拱效应、应力重分布和应力分散等问题,导致刚性加载在很多砂标试验中的适用性较差。针对上述问题,基于缩小加载面积和介质空间的思路设计出新型的砂标试验方法——应力集中砂标法。采用刚性加载试验法和应力集中砂标试验法对3种不同规格的土压力盒进行室内标定试验,将2种试验法获得的标定结果与厂家气标结果进行对比。结果表明:新型试验方法获得的标定曲线离散率均较低,标定结果满足室内试验的精度要求,具备现场应用价值;刚性加载试验标定结果相较气标值偏小,而应力集中砂标法的标定结果相较气标值偏大,表明在质地松软、颗粒孔隙率较大的砂标试验环境中,应力集中砂标法具有更强的适用性。

关键词: 振弦式土压力盒, 土拱效应, 流体标定方法, 砂土标定方法, 线性拟合, 标定系数

Abstract:

Several negative factors like soil arching effects,redistribution of stress,dispersion of stress and so on are easily arise on the force surface during the rigid loading calibrations of earth pressure cells in sand soil due to the larger difference in the physical and mechanical properties between earth pressure cells’ material and sand soil,which result in the poor application of rigid loading method in the calibration tests.To solve above problems,the author designed a new pressure cells calibration method—Stress concentration method based on the consideration of ??reducing the loading area and the space of the sand soil.The author made calibration tests in sand soil for three different sale earth pressure cells by using two different methods:The rigid loading and stress concentration method,and draw calibration curves of methods A,B and gas pressure calibration based on the results of two above methods and the manufacturer’s gas calibration results.In order to judge the advantages and disadvantages of the three calibration methods,the author compared the goodness of fit,calibration parameter and dispersion rate of data of the results of two methods and the gas calibration.The result shows that the linear correlation coefficients of stress concentration method’s calibration curves are all greater than 0.99,which means the calibration curves obtained by the new test method all have a low dispersion rate,so the its calibration results meet the accuracy requirements of the indoor test and have field application value.But the calibration coefficients of two sand pressure calibration method are significantly different from the gas pressure calibration method,which proves the existing of the soil arching during the earth cells working in the sand soil and the necessary to make a sand pressure calibration test.It is found that the calibration parameter of the rigid loading test is smaller than that of the gas standard but the calibration parameter of the stress concentration method is larger,which indicates that people can reduce the effect of soil arching and lateral stress on the sensor by reducing the soil space and the earth cell’s force area,so that make the stress on sensor surface more concentrated to avoid uneven distribution of stress.At last of the thesis,according to conclusions of test and analysis,the authors advice to use the stress concentration method as calibration tests of vibrating wire earth pressure cells in a soft sand environment with a large particle porosity.

Key words: vibrating wire earth pressure cells, soil arching, fluid pressure calibration method, sand pressure calibration method, linear fitting, calibration parameter

中图分类号: 

  • TU441

图1

振弦式土压力盒在流体和砂土介质中的受力状态对比"

表1

待测土压力盒参数"

编号规格量程 /MPa气标系数 /(MPa?Hz-2温度修正值 /(MPa?-1气标温度 /
101.05.74E-071.3E-049
161.66.26E-071.5E-049
252.51.01E-061.2E-049

图2

刚性加载砂标试验"

图3

应力集中砂标法试验"

表2

编号Ⅰ土压力盒气标试验数据"

压力/MPa测得频率值1/Hz测得频率值2/Hz频率平均值/Hz计算压力/MPa偏差/MPa计算误差(FS)/%
0.001 1731 1731 1730.0000.0000.00
0.201 3161 3141 3150.2030.0030.29
0.401 4431 4421 4430.4050.0050.48
0.601 5591 5581 5590.6050.0050.48
0.801 6661 6651 6660.8030.0080.48
1.001 7661 7651 7661.0000.0000.00

表4

编号Ⅲ土压力盒气标试验数据"

压力/MPa测得频率值1/Hz测得频率值2/Hz频率平均值/Hz计算压力/MPa偏差/MPa计算误差(FS)/%
0.001 1421 1421 1420.0000.0000.00
0.501 3441 3431 3440.5050.0050.20
1.001 5201 5201 5201.0140.0140.58
1.501 6771 6771 6771.5210.0210.82
2.001 8171 8171 8172.0140.0140.55
2.501 9441 9451 9452.4970.1110.11

图4

万能试验机加载曲线注:ⅠA(1)~ⅢA(2)分别为运用刚性加载法加载Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ型土压力盒时万能试验机加载曲线图;ⅠB(1)~ⅢB(2)分别为运用应力集中加载法加载Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ型土压力盒时万能试验机加载曲线图"

图5

砂标试验方法A、B及气标曲线图"

表3

编号Ⅱ土压力盒气标试验数据"

压力/MPa测得频率值1/Hz测得频率值2/Hz频率平均值/Hz计算压力/MPa偏差/MPa计算误差(FS)/%
0.001 2241 2241 2240.0000.0000.00
0.201 3641 3641 3640.2270.0271.68
0.401 4761 4761 4760.4260.0261.63
0.601 5811 5811 5810.6270.0271.69
0.801 6801 6801 6800.8290.0291.82
1.001 7711 7711 7711.0260.0261.61
1.201 8551 8551 8551.2170.0171.03
1.401 9351 9351 9351.4060.0060.40
1.602 0162 0162 0161.6070.0070.42

表5

砂标试验结果"

组号气标值K0砂标值K差异系数C/%线性回归公式R2
ⅠA(1)5.74E-076.48E-0712.892y=6.48E-07x-3.46E-040.9997
ⅠA(2)5.74E-076.25E-078.885y=6.25E-07x-6.25E-040.9999
ⅠB(1)5.74E-075.06E-07-11.866y=5.06E-07x-2.12E-020.9973
ⅠB(2)5.74E-075.15E-07-10.209y=5.15E-07x-2.31E-020.9959
ⅡA(1)6.29E-076.48E-073.021y=6.48E-07x-3.46E-040.9977
ⅡA(2)6.29E-076.55E-074.134y=6.55E-07x+1.87E-020.9949
ⅡB(1)6.29E-075.85E-07-6.935y=5.85E-07x-9.22E-040.9981
ⅡB(2)6.29E-075.73E-07-8.869y=5.73E-07x+3.48E-020.9939
ⅢA(1)1.01E-061.12E-0610.891y=1.12E-06x+3.65E-020.9998
ⅢA(2)1.01E-061.10E-068.911y=1.10E-06x+3.05E-020.9988
ⅢB(1)1.01E-069.33E-07-6.968y=9.33E-07x-6.15E-030.9977
ⅢB(2)1.01E-069.36E-07-7.305y=9.36E-07x-1.55E-020.9978
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