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黄金科学技术 ›› 2020, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (2): 228-237.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2020.02.154

• 采选技术与矿山管理 • 上一篇    

地应力作用下偏心装药的炮孔裂隙分布

费鸿禄1(),刘雨1(),钱起飞1,苏强2,孙晓宇1   

  1. 1. 辽宁工程技术大学爆破技术研究院,辽宁 阜新 123000
    2. 煤科集团沈阳研究院有限公司,辽宁 抚顺 113000
  • 收稿日期:2019-09-16 修回日期:2019-12-09 出版日期:2020-04-30 发布日期:2020-05-07
  • 通讯作者: 刘雨 E-mail:feihonglu@163.com;nameliuyu@163.com
  • 作者简介:费鸿禄(1963-),男,辽宁阜新人,教授,从事爆破工程和地下工程方面的科研与教学工作。feihonglu@163.com

Distribution of Blasthole Fracture in Eccentric Charge Under In-situ Stress

Honglu FEI1(),Yu LIU1(),Qifei QIAN1,Qiang SU2,Xiaoyu SUN1   

  1. 1. Institute of Blasting Technique,Liaoning Technical University,Fuxin 123000,Liaoning,China
    2. CCTEG Shenyang Research Institute,Fushun 113000,Liaoning,China
  • Received:2019-09-16 Revised:2019-12-09 Online:2020-04-30 Published:2020-05-07
  • Contact: Yu LIU E-mail:feihonglu@163.com;nameliuyu@163.com

摘要:

根据爆炸应力波和爆生气体的理论,考虑地应力的作用,结合断裂力学中最大周向应力理论,推导出了偏心不耦合装药条件下初始裂隙和扩展裂隙的计算公式。选取2号岩石乳化炸药和3类典型岩石参数对偏心不耦合装药下的裂隙范围进行了计算,并分析地应力对爆炸应力波引起的初始裂隙的影响。结果表明:炮孔壁上各点的不耦合系数由偏转角度α、炮孔与药卷半径之差决定;炮孔上不耦合系数的不同,致使偏心不耦合装药结构下裂隙分布十分不均匀,耦合侧与不耦合侧裂隙长度存在较大差异;地应力的存在抑制了裂隙的扩展,随着地应力的不断增大,炮孔周边裂隙范围逐渐减小,不耦合侧最短裂隙对应角度α逐渐增大,且其裂隙范围接近粉碎区半径。当3类岩石爆破施工中遇到高地应力时,采用三角形布孔,考虑不耦合侧裂隙很短或者不产在的情况,炮孔间距应控制在0.45~0.70 m之间。

关键词: 偏心不耦合装药, 爆生气体, 裂隙范围, 地应力, 爆破效应

Abstract:

Drilling and blasting is widely used in mining and tunnel excavation as an economical and efficient method of excavation.Among them,smooth blasting is the most common.The theory of smooth blasting theory is based on the concentric uncoupled charge structure.In the actual smooth blasting,the charge structure will change due to the existence of its own gravity, forming eccentric uncoupled charge.The change of the charge structure has made the previous theory no longer applicable,and the earth stress is a problem that cannot be ignored as the depth of the excavation changes.Therefore,in the presence of in-situ stress,the fracture area formed by eccentric blasting is determined to provide a theoretical reference for blasting construction.Because of the eccentricity effect,the uncoupling coefficient of the blasthole is different after charging.According to the definition of the concentric uncoupling coefficient,the equivalent uncoupling coefficient of each point of the eccentric uncoupled blasthole is given.Then based on the theory of blast stress wave and explosive gas,considering the effect of earth stress and the initial damage of rock,combined with the theory of maximum circumferential stress in fracture mechanics,the calculation formula of initial crack and extended fracture under eccentric uncoupling charge was derived.The No.2 rock emulsion explosives and three kinds of rocks were selected as examples to calculate the initial fracture range of the marble,shale and sandstone under the eccentric uncoupled charge,drawing with Origin software.By observing the difference between the coupled side and the uncoupled side,and exploring the influence of the ground stress on the initial crack caused by the explosion stress wave,we compared and analyzed the variation of the initial crack range under different ground stresses.The results show that the uncoupling coefficient on the wall of the blasthole is related to the difference between the deflection angle α,the blasthole and the radius of the lap.The equivalent uncoupling coefficient on the wall of the blasthole hole results in a very uneven distribution of the eccentric uncoupled charge structure,and there is a large difference between the length of the coupling side and the uncoupled side.With the increase of ground stress,the range of cracks around the blasthole is gradually decreasing,and the angle α of the shortest crack on the uncoupled side gradually increases,and its range gradually approaches the radius of the smashing zone.The presence of visible ground stress inhibits the expansion of the crack.The higher the ground stress,the smaller the crack range.When high geostress is encountered in the selected three types of rock blasting constructions,it is necessary to consider the fact that the cracks on the non-coupling side are short or non-existent.The blast holes are arranged in a triangle and the hole spacing is controlled between 0.45 and 0.70 m.

Key words: eccentric uncoupled charge, explosive gas, crack range, ground stress, blasting effect

中图分类号: 

  • TD235

图1

偏心不耦合装药结构"

图2

不耦合系数K变化规律图"

图3

空腔外围岩地应力分布图"

图4

爆生气体驱动的裂纹扩展模型 注: r b为炮孔半径;R 0为粉碎区半径;L 0、L 1和L分别为初始裂隙长度、扩展裂隙长度和裂隙总长度"

表 1

不同岩石的物理力学参数"

岩石类型 μ ρ m /(kg·m-3 C p /(m·s-1 a/(m·s-1 b S t d /MPa
大理岩 0.20 2 730 4 420 4 000 1.32 10
页岩 0.31 2 350 3 970 3 600 1.34 8
砂岩 0.25 2 450 4 050 3 600 1.43 10

图5

有无地应力时3类岩石的裂隙分布图"

图6

地应力作用下3类岩石裂隙分布图"

图7

切向力分布图"

图8

不同地应力下裂隙分布图"

图 9

高地应力下裂隙范围和粉碎区分布图"

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80项成果获得中国黄金协会科学技术奖
[1] 谢也真,曹平,陈昊然. 滥泥坪铜矿三维地应力测量及巷道布置优化研究[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2019, 27(6): 862-870.
[2] 王卫华,孙腾飞,刘希涛. 基于地应力和二次损伤的预留光爆层爆破参数研究[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2019, 27(4): 565-572.
[3] 李萧翰,刘科伟,杨家彩,李旭东. 不同地应力下爆破振动效应分析[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2019, 27(2): 241-248.
[4] 铁柱,朝宝楞,纪主. 图古日格金矿地应力测量与分析[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2014, 22(6): 73-76.
[5] 聂胜陆,曹洪征. 那林金矿地应力与井巷稳固性的关系探讨[J]. J4, 2010, 18(6): 65-69.
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