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黄金科学技术 ›› 2019, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (6): 941-949.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2019.06.941

• 采选技术与矿山管理 • 上一篇    下一篇

云南镇源难处理金精矿工艺矿物学研究

贵琪皓1,2(),王仕兴1,2,张利波1,2(),郑金庆3   

  1. 1. 昆明理工大学冶金与能源工程学院,云南 昆明 650093
    2. 常规冶金教育部重点实验室,云南 昆明 650093
    3. 云南金山矿业有限公司,云南 昆明 654100
  • 收稿日期:2018-12-12 修回日期:2019-03-01 出版日期:2019-12-31 发布日期:2019-12-24
  • 通讯作者: 张利波 E-mail:G624739569@163.com;zhanglibopaper@126.com
  • 作者简介:贵琪皓(1995-),男,湖南常德人,博士研究生,从事超声波冶金强化机理研究工作。G624739569@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目“难处理金矿预氧化—浸出过程的超声强化基础研究”(U1702252)

Study on the Process Mineralogy of Refractory Gold Concentrate in Zhenyuan, Yunnan Province

Qihao GUI1,2(),Shixing WANG1,2,Libo ZHANG1,2(),Jinqing ZHENG3   

  1. 1. Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,Yunnan,China
    2. Key Laboratory of Unconventional Metallurgical Ministry of Education,Kunming 650093,Yunnan,China
    3. Yunnan Jinshan Mining Co. ,Ltd. ,Kunming 654100,Yunnan,China
  • Received:2018-12-12 Revised:2019-03-01 Online:2019-12-31 Published:2019-12-24
  • Contact: Libo ZHANG E-mail:G624739569@163.com;zhanglibopaper@126.com

摘要:

利用X射线衍射、X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、X射线能谱分析(EDX)和矿物解离分析(MLA)等检测手段对云南镇源难处理金精矿的化学组成、矿物组成、硫化物特征以及金的分布情况进行了详细的工艺矿物学研究。结果显示:该金矿以硫化矿、碳酸盐和硅酸盐类矿物为主,含有3.18%的有机碳和2.37%的无机碳。通过金的诊断浸出发现96.16%的金被硫化物包裹,少量金以单体形式存在。通过对主要载金矿物黄铁矿、辉锑矿和毒砂的粒度、包裹及裸露情况进行分析,得出大部分硫化矿以解离单体的形式存在,少部分与其他矿物共生。根据MLA测试及金的诊断浸出,认为大部分金被硫化矿完全包裹,处理该矿石时应先进行硫化物包裹层的氧化处理,再进行金矿的浸出。

关键词: 金精矿, 工艺矿物学, 物相分析, 赋存状态, 嵌布特征, 诊断浸出

Abstract:

Zhenyuan gold deposit belongs to fine disseminated gold deposits located in Ailao Mountain.This type of gold ore is often associated with sulfide and carbon,which could diminish the gold cyanidation leaching efficiency and reduce the gold recovery efficiency in the next step.In order to guarantee the recovery rate of gold,the process mineralogy has to be proceeded to ensure the gold wasn’t been wasted due to the improper process.X-ray diffraction,X-ray fluorescence,Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy,particle size test and mineral liberation analysis have been used to determine the chemical composition,mineral composition,particle size and the characteristic of Zhenyuan refractory gold ore obtained from Zhenyuan gold deposit.The X-ray diffraction,X-ray fluorescence,Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy and mineral liberation analysis(MLA) shows that the main phase of the concentrate is sulfide(32.37% of pyrite,0.58% of stibnite and 0.46% of arsenopyrite),carbonate,silicate and the chemical component of concentrate is mainly iron(10.86%),sulfur(12.48%),silicon(18.56%).Meanwhile 0.87% of arsenic and 5.55% of carbon(3.18% organic carbon and 2.37% inorganic carbon) have been found from the sample,which is harmful to cyanidation process. The particle size,encapsulation and exposure of pyrite,stibnite and arsenopyrite were analyzed with particle size test and MLA test. The particle size of sulfide is mainly between 10~75 μm,about 90%.A large number of sulfide is fully encapsulated(83.6%),only few of them are totally covered with gangue(0.9%).Gold diagnostic leaching and MLA test were carried out to determine the occurrence state of gold.Sodium cyanide,acetonitrile,nitric acid and fire-assaying method has been used to determine the gold chemical content in native gold,sulfide,carbon and silicate.The gold diagnostic leaching result shows that 96.16% of gold is covered with sulfide and few is in the form of native gold or covered with silicate and carbonate.No gold is wrapped in carbon.MLA test could automatically diagnose different phase of gold ore based on electron software,energy spectrum and MLA software.It also could built standard data base of sample ore and calculate the process mineralogy data automatically.From the MLA test,the electron microscopy (SEM) images of sulfide and native gold has been collected and analyzed,which shows the similar result with gold diagnostic test that most of the gold is wrapped in sulfide. According to the mineralogy process which have proceeded,this gold concentrate is a carbon-baring sulfide gold ore.Since most of the gold is fully covered with sulfide,the sulfide removing process is becoming necessary.It is recommended that oxidation or grinding process should be proceeded before gold leaching process.

Key words: gold concentration, mineralogy, phase analysis, occurrence state, embedding relation, diagnostic leaching

中图分类号: 

  • TD953

表1

金精矿元素组成"

成分w(B)成分w(B)
O32.51有机碳3.18
Si18.56无机碳2.37
S12.48Pb0.03
Fe10.86As0.87
Al7.58Au*23.7
Zn0.09其他17.43

表2

金精矿的矿物组成与含量"

矿物质量分数/%矿物质量分数/%
黄铁矿32.37石英18.92
辉锑矿0.58绢云母9.33
毒砂0.46钾长石5.37
闪锌矿0.14黝帘石6.73
方铅矿0.04透闪石2.62
黄铜矿0.04斜长石1.79
黝铜矿<0.01绿泥石1.15
自然金、碲金银矿<0.01黑云母0.45
重晶石0.05金云母0.52
金红石0.09黏土矿物0.16
白云石13.13磷灰石0.22
方解石1.10锆石0.01
菱铁矿1.20其他矿物0.35
有机碳3.18--

表3

金精矿中硫化物的粒度及裸露、包裹情况"

表面暴露情况占比/%连生情况占比/%不同粒度硫化物占比/%
与碳酸盐与硅酸盐与其他矿物<10 μm10~20 μm20~38 μm38~75 μm75~150 μm150~200 μm
合计1002.713.40.32.121.534.536.64.90.4
完全裸露83.6---0.518.830.829.73.40.4
部分裸露15.52.512.70.31.12.43.66.91.5-
完全包裹0.90.20.700.50.30.1---

图1

黄铁矿电镜图(a)碎屑状黄铁矿;(b)黄铁矿六边形切面;(c)黄铁矿四边形切面;(d)草莓状黄铁矿集合体;(e)自形黄铁矿与脉石连生;(f)微细自形黄铁矿被脉石包裹;(g),(h)黄铁矿颗粒不同部位由于含As不同导致灰度差(SEM 背散射图)"

图2

辉锑矿颗粒特征图(MLA 图)1.辉锑矿;2.石英;3.钾长石;4.方解石;5.黄铁矿"

图3

辉锑矿电镜图(a)辉锑矿单体;(b)辉锑矿与脉石连生"

图4

辉锑矿边部发生了轻微氧化(“+”所在位置)"

图5

毒砂颗粒特征图(MLA 图)1.毒砂;2.石英;3.钾长石;4.方解石;5.黄铁矿;6.绢云母;7.绿帘石;8.斜长石"

图6

毒砂电镜图(a)毒砂单体;(b)毒砂与黄铁矿的连生体被脉石包裹"

图7

sp-tip重选结果"

表 4

金精矿中独立金矿物特征"

序号矿物成分及含量/%粒度/μm解离—连生情况
AuAgTeFe
1自然金99.550.4532.8×29.0解离单体
2自然金100.0040.5×30.0解离单体
3自然金100.0021.5×16.3解离单体
4自然金99.120.8831.6×29.0解离单体
5自然金99.360.6446.5×35.3解离单体
6自然金100.002.2黄铁矿包裹
7自然金100.004.0黄铁矿颗粒边缘
8碲金银矿36.3721.2540.461.9416.0解离单体

图8

金的电镜图(a),(b)电镜观察到的超级重选机所得重矿物中的单体金;(c)自然金被黄铁矿包裹;(d)自然金分布在黄铁矿颗粒边缘"

图9

碲金银矿能谱图"

表5

金精矿中金的浸出结果"

金的赋存形式质量分数/(×10-6)占比/%
合计24.74100.00
裸露金0.281.13
碳酸盐及氧化物包裹金0.160.65
硫化物包裹金23.7996.16
硅酸盐及其他包裹金0.512.06
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