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黄金科学技术 ›› 2019, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (2): 181-188.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2019.02.181

• 采选技术与矿山管理 • 上一篇    

基于概念格粗糙集的采矿方法优选研究

邬书良1,2(),杨珊3,黄温钢1   

  1. 1. 东华理工大学地球科学学院,江西 南昌 330013
    2. 东华理工大学江西省数字国土重点实验室,江西 南昌 330013
    3. 中南大学资源与安全工程学院,湖南 长沙 410083
  • 收稿日期:2018-03-05 修回日期:2018-08-13 出版日期:2019-04-30 发布日期:2019-04-30
  • 作者简介:邬书良(1989-),男,江西南昌人,博士,讲师,从事地下金属矿开采及矿业系统工程方面的研究工作。wushuliang@ecit.cn
  • 基金资助:
    江西省教育厅科技项目“复杂应力环境下地下金属矿开采引起的岩层移动规律研究”(编号:GJJ170466)、国家自然科学基金青年基金项目“基于人工智能的矿山技术经济指标动态优化研究”(编号:51404305)、东华理工大学江西省数字国土重点实验室开放研究基金项目“基于红外遥感技术的地下工程岩爆灾害判别方法研究”(编号:DLLJ201706)、东华理工大学博士科研启动基金项目“地下金属矿无废开采规划方法与技术研究”(编号:DHBK2016125)和东华理工大学校级教改课题项目“《矿业系统工程》跨专业联合创新课程设计研究”(编号:1310100334)

Research on Mining Method Optimization Based on Concept Lattice Rough Set

Shuliang WU1,2(),Shan YANG3,Wengang HUANG1   

  1. 1. School of Earth Sciences,East China University of Technology,Nanchang 330013,Jiangxi,China
    2. Key Laboratory for Digital Land and Resources of Jiangxi Province,East China University of Technology,Nanchang 330013,Jiangxi,China
    3. School of Resources and Safety Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410083,Hunan, China
  • Received:2018-03-05 Revised:2018-08-13 Online:2019-04-30 Published:2019-04-30

摘要:

为了正确选择矿山初选的采矿方法,提出基于概念格粗糙集的采矿方法评价体系。综合考虑影响采矿方法选择的众多因素后,对指标进行分层处理,利用改进的粗糙集建立采矿方法评价体系,生成最少决策规则集。属性约简是粗糙集中的核心问题,选择概念格作为约简工具,对条件属性进行约简。将模型用于15种采矿方法的优选,得到了最大可约简属性集,决策规则集的分类质量为100%。最后,将约简概念格与传统粗糙集中的分辨矩阵进行对比,结果表明:概念格在属性约简方面比分辨矩阵更有效,利用概念格的粗糙集构建采矿方法评价体系对矿山生产具有一定的理论指导意义。

关键词: 采矿方法, 粗糙集, 决策规则集, 属性约简, 知识发现, 概念格, 分辨矩阵

Abstract:

While making rational use of mineral resources,it is necessary to make rational selection of mining methods so as to improve the utilization rate of mineral resources.The selection of mining methods has a decisive impact on the overall improvement of mine production capacity,safety and economic benefits,and also has direct effects on the degree of environmental damage caused by mining production.Therefore,it is particularly important to choose a scientific and reasonable mining method.In order to make a correct selection of the mining method for the primary section,to improve the efficiency of mining method optimization and perfect the process of mining method optimization,a mining method evaluation system based on concept lattice rough set is proposed.The evaluation system is aiming at the problems of strong subjective arbitrariness and insufficient analysis of index information in current mining method optimization,combining quantitative methods with qualitative ones,analyzing the relationship between evaluation index and mining method.Firstly,according to the idea of constructing evaluation system by analytic hierarchy process (AHP),many influencing factors of the selection of mining method were comprehensively considered and sliced,so as to obtain the evaluation index system of mining methods with complete information.Then,the improved rough sets were applied to establish mining method evaluation system.As attribute reduction is the kernel contents of rough set,using concept lattice as reduction tool can get the maximal reductions,and minimum decision rule set was generated by using reduced evaluation index.Finally,the model is applied to the evaluation of 15 mining methods,and the classification quality of 15 mining methods is 100% according to the decision rule set.In order to verify the data processing ability of concept lattice for attribute reduction,the reduced concept lattice is compared with that of the traditional rough set.The results show that the concept lattice is more effective than the resolution matrix in attribute reduction.It can carry out deep data mining on evaluation indexes of mining methods.Based on the relationship between condition attributes and decision attribute,it can also reduce the indexes needed for evaluation of mining methods.As to the ability of rough set to deal with uncertainties,the minimum decision rule set generated by rough set can classify the pros and cons of alternative mining methods.The construction of mining method evaluation system by using the rough set based on concept lattice has a certain theoretical significance for mine production.

Key words: mining method, rough set, decision rules, attribute reduction, knowledge discovery, concept lattice, discernable matrix

中图分类号: 

  • TD853.3

图1

采矿方法评价体系指标结构图"

表1

指标间重要性比较标准"

标准值意义
1xixj重要性相同
3xi重要性稍微高于xj
5xi重要性明显高于xj
7xi重要性强烈高于xj
9xi重要性绝对高于xj
2,4,6,8介于1和3,3和5,5和7,7和9之间的值

表2

采矿方法评价决策表"

方案条件属性决策属性E
开采条件A

经济指标

B

地压控制

程度C

技术指标

D

n188.0487.1692.6580.4287.3302
n286.3682.2587.7582.7884.6848
n385.7979.6585.6290.2784.9722
n480.6378.2175.4788.7280.2976
n578.2680.1265.3185.2376.6058
n679.2568.4782.4586.3278.6728
n778.3466.2666.4672.8769.8392
n880.4562.9668.6568.1568.7110
n972.3263.1371.2467.6768.1230
n1088.6592.3695.1888.7891.7532
n1190.1588.2692.7988.6290.0078
n1288.3289.3595.6880.5888.9794
n1381.4675.6278.6476.4577.6596
n1485.1377.9877.3275.2478.2684
n1582.9682.6180.1381.3581.6196

表3

决策知识表达系统"

方案条件属性决策属性E

开采条件

A

经济指标

B

地压控制

程度C

技术指标

D

n1
n2
n3
n4
n5
n6
n7
n8
n9
n10
n11
n12
n13
n14
n15

表4

知识表达系统对应的形式背景"

A_1A_2A_3A_4B_1E_3E_4
n1×
n2×
n3×
n4×
n5××
n6××
n7××
n8××
n9××
n10××
n11×
n12×
n13××
n14××
n15×

图2

形式背景对应的概念格"

表5

D≥概率决策规则集"

概率规则集支持数置信度/%
if开采条件≥优∧经济指标≥良∧技术指标≥良then综合评价=优2100
if开采条件≥良∧经济指标≥良∧技术指标≥良then综合评价≥良6100
if开采条件≥中∧经济指标≥良∧技术指标≥中then综合评价≥中4100
if开采条件≤中∧经济指标≤差∧技术指标≤中then综合评价=差3100

表6

概率决策规则集"

概率规则集支持数置信度/%
if开采条件≥优∧经济指标≥良∧技术指标≥良then综合评价=优2100
if开采条件≤良∧经济指标≤良∧技术指标≤良then综合评价≤良6100
if开采条件≤良∧经济指标≤中∧技术指标≤中then综合评价≤中2100
if开采条件≤中∧经济指标≤良∧技术指标≤良then综合评价≤中2100
if开采条件≤中∧经济指标≤差∧技术指标≤中then综合评价=差3100

表7

分辨矩阵"

n1n2n3n4n5n6n7n8n9n10n11n12n13n14

n2

n3

C

BCD

BD
n4BCBCCD
n5ACACABCDABC
n6ABCABABDABCBC
n7ABCDABCDABCDABCDBDCD
n8ABCDABCDABCDABCDABDCDD
n9ABCDABCDABCDABDBCDCDCDC
n10BBCBCDBCABCABCABCDABCDABCD
n11AACABCDABCACABCABCDABCDABCDAB
n12CBCDBCACABCABCDABCDABCDBA
n13BCDBCDCDDABCDABCDABCABCDACDBCDABCDBCD
n14BCDBCDCDDABCDABCDABCABCDACDBCDABCDBCD
n15CBDBCACABABCDABCDABCDBCDACCBCDBCD

表8

约简概念格与分辨矩阵约简的对比"

对比内容约简概念格分辨矩阵约简
约简结果{经济指标,地压控制程度,技术指标}和{开采条件,经济指标,技术指标},通过概念对比,选择后者为最终约简结果,该结果符合实际未能搜寻到约简,仍然需要4个条件属性进行决策
约简效率

通过求得相融可辨概念的亏属性,

得到约简结果,搜寻速度快

需根据条件属性进行两两对比,执行效率低,搜寻时间较概念格要长
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