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黄金科学技术 ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (4): 546-559.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2023.04.031

• 矿产勘查与资源评价 • 上一篇    下一篇

甘肃北山华窑山一带1/5万水系沉积物地球化学特征及金、钨找矿远景

王振(),杨镇熙(),陈海云,方成豪,樊新祥   

  1. 甘肃省地质矿产勘查开发局第四地质矿产勘查院,甘肃 酒泉 735000
  • 收稿日期:2023-02-24 修回日期:2023-04-28 出版日期:2023-08-30 发布日期:2023-09-20
  • 通讯作者: 杨镇熙 E-mail:601326988@qq.com;786893434@qq.com
  • 作者简介:王振(1990-),男,甘肃会宁人,工程师,从事区域地质调查工作。601326988@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    甘肃省省级重点人才项目“甘肃北山南带韧性剪切带型金矿成矿机制、成矿规律及找矿研究方向”(甘组通字〔2023〕20号);甘肃省基础地质调查项目“甘肃省玉门市前红泉—黑山北滩地区1∶5万矿产远景调查”(甘财经二〔2017〕105号);甘肃省省级基础地质调查项目“甘肃省玉门市大口子山一带1∶5万矿产远景调查”(甘财经〔2018〕132号)

Geochemical Characteristics of 1∶50 000 Stream Sediments and Prospecting Potential of Gold and Tungsten in Huayaoshan Area,Beishan,Gansu Province

Zhen WANG(),Zhenxi YANG(),Haiyun CHEN,Chenghao FANG,Xinxiang FAN   

  1. Fourth Institute of Geological and Mineral Exploration of Gansu Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources,Jiuquan 735000,Gansu,China
  • Received:2023-02-24 Revised:2023-04-28 Online:2023-08-30 Published:2023-09-20
  • Contact: Zhenxi YANG E-mail:601326988@qq.com;786893434@qq.com

摘要:

勘查地球化学作为一种重要的勘查技术手段,近年来在矿产勘查工作中取得了显著成效。通过在华窑山一带开展1/5万水系沉积物测量工作,初步查明了研究区内元素地球化学特征,结合成矿地质背景及元素组合特征,圈定出综合异常5处。通过对地球化学异常进行查证,先后发现了华窑山钨矿点、大口子东山钨矿点和华窑山毒砂矿点,划分出3处找矿远景区,分别是华窑山北钨、金远景区,华窑山钨、金、砷多金属远景区,以及鱼脊山钨、金、锡多金属远景区。在综合分析成矿地质背景和成矿规律的基础上,结合近年来区域找矿新突破,提出了华窑山一带新的找矿方向和下一步工作建议。

关键词: 水系沉积物测量, 地球化学特征, 找矿潜力, 综合异常, 干旱戈壁荒漠区, 甘肃省

Abstract:

As an important geological prospecting method,geochemical survey has been widely used in regional mineral prospect survey with its fast and efficient characteristics,and has achieved good geological prospecting results.At present,the main methods used include river sediment survey,soil survey,rock survey,etc.The southern belt of Beishan,Gansu Province,is an important metallogenic belt in the Beishan area of Gansu Province,belonging to the arid desert Gobi landscape area,with poor natural conditions and low degree of geological work.In the area,the development of river system is generally short,and the primary and secondary river systems are the main ones. The river sediment can well reflect the mineralization information in the catchment area. The 1∶50 000 stream sediment survey was carried out in the selected blocks in the research area,and the content information of 14 elements in the research area was obtained,such as Au,Ag,Cu,Pb,Zn,Co,Ni,Hg,Sb,As,Mo,W,Sn,Bi. The obtained geochemical data were processed in combination with the strata,structure,and distribution of magmatic rocks in the research area.The elements in the research area have obvious classification characteristics,in which Au,Ag,As,Sb,Hg are a group of medium-low temperature hydrothermal elements,Cu,Pb,Zn,Mo,Ni,Co are a group of medium-high temperature hydrothermal elements and basic elements in basic and ultrabasic rocks,which are related to hydrothermal activities and basic and ultrabasic dikes controlled by NW and NE trending fault structures in the research area.W,Sn and Bi are a group of high-temperature element combinations,representing W mineralization in the research area.According to the distribution characteristics of the elements and the geological background,five comprehensive anomalies were delineated in the research area,including two Class B1 anomalies,two Class B2 anomalies,and one Class C3 anomaly. Through the general inspection and key inspection of the anomalies,Huayaoshan tungsten deposit was found in the HS-3 anomaly,and Dakouzi Dongshan tungsten deposit and Huayaoshan toxic placer deposit were found in the HS-4 anomaly.In the research area,three prospecting prospects with tungsten ore as the main ore were divided.It shows that the measurement of stream sediment has good geological prospecting effect in the southern belt of Beishan,and provides basic data for further geological prospecting work in the research area. At the same time,combined with the geological prospecting results in the southern belt of Beishan in recent years,the authors comprehensively analyzed the metallogenic geological background,metallogenic environment,mineralization,and metallogenic law in the research area,and put forward new prospecting directions and suggestions for the next step,which has reference significance for carrying out mineral prospecting in the arid desert Gobi natural landscape area of Beishan in Gansu Province.

Key words: stream sediment measurement, geochemical characteristics, prospecting potential, comprehensive anomaly, arid Gobi desert region, Gansu Province

中图分类号: 

  • P618.51

图1

甘肃北山华窑山—大口子东山一带地质简图(a)大地构造位置图(修改自潘桂堂等,2009);(b)北山南带韧性剪切带与金属矿床位置关系图(修改自丁书宏,2021);(c)区域地质图(修改自赵建国等,2004)1.第四系全新统;2.敦煌岩群A岩组片麻岩;3.敦煌岩群A岩组变粒岩及片岩;4.敦煌岩群B岩组石英片岩;5.敦煌岩群C岩组石英片岩;6.敦煌岩群C岩组变粒岩;7.敦煌岩群C岩组二云片岩;8.敦煌岩群C岩组大理岩;9.敦煌岩群C岩组角闪片岩;10.敦煌岩群C岩组千枚状片岩;11.敦煌岩群C岩组石英岩;12.志留纪角闪辉长岩;13.二叠纪黑云二长花岗岩;14.二叠纪斑状黑云二长花岗岩;15.二叠纪二长花岗岩;16.实测地质界线;17.实测断层;18.韧性剪切带;19.地理位置;20.区域韧性剪切带及编号;21.研究区范围;22.金矿床;23.铅锌矿床;24.铜矿床;Ⅰ-9-4-公婆泉岛弧;Ⅰ-16-3-红柳河—洗肠井蛇绿混杂岩带;Ⅱ-7-2-迭布斯格—阿拉善右旗陆缘岩浆弧;Ⅱ-7-3-龙首山基底杂岩带;Ⅲ-2-1-柳园裂谷;Ⅲ-2-2-敦煌基底杂岩隆起;Ⅲ-2-3-阿尔金北陆核;Ⅳ-1-1-走廊弧后盆地;Ⅳ-1-3-北祁连蛇绿混杂岩带;Ⅳ-2-1-中祁连岩浆弧"

表1

华窑山一带各地质单元水系沉积物中元素平均值、浓度克拉克值、变异系数和叠加系数参数"

地质单元AuAgCuPbZnHgSb样品数
CKKCKKCKKCKKCKKCKKCKK
Q0.7790.6230.0560.90027.4751.45028.3501.57060.8251.1404.9040.3120.6711.020
ArPtDC2.9342.3500.0711.15043.6362.30031.5291.740100.4701.8805.9500.3791.1821.790696
ArPtDB0.6730.5380.0641.03023.9651.26023.4861.30059.7051.1204.9090.3120.7081.070179
ArPtDA0.6640.5310.0480.77424.7221.30018.5291.02047.6140.8904.1100.2620.7701.170143
νS0.4650.3720.0631.02018.0000.94923.7301.31045.8250.8563.9050.2480.4130.62728
ηγP0.5450.4360.0580.93516.5570.87327.1331.50036.1730.6764.8780.3100.7881.200217
地质单元AsCoNiWSnMoBi样品数
CKKCKKCKKCKKCKKCKKCKK
Q9.3720.98710.9371.13022.5001.2502.6341.9924.3752.3201.2411.5801.0734.290
ArPtDC17.5301.85018.9911.96034.8251.93011.5198.7503.2271.7102.3633.0100.9613.840696
ArPtDB6.0230.6359.3850.96819.6381.0903.5492.6902.3691.2601.1161.4200.3871.550179
ArPtDA3.7740.3989.5080.98019.2331.0701.9341.4701.6560.8780.9071.1600.1750.700143
νS1.9410.20412.1001.25029.1651.6201.2590.9562.9411.5600.4680.5960.4891.96028
ηγP5.9550.6275.8330.60111.8070.6547.9556.0403.2641.7300.7250.9240.8343.340217
地质单元AuAgCuPbZnHgSb样品数
CVDCVDCVDCVDCVDCVDCVD
Q47.000120.00031.5001.00046.6002.38066.5004.82059.3001.00039.3001.00045.3001.000
ArPtDC41.00039.80035.2001.00049.0001.19036.8001.50071.0002.55042.4001.07057.1001.780696
ArPtDB56.0001.44045.5001.50048.5001.35036.8001.00054.2001.00037.7002.60077.8001.300179
ArPtDA111.3008.88023.2001.00044.2002.43028.9001.21043.5001.45019.1001.530115.0003.220143
νS24.4001.00018.8001.00021.7002.10017.9001.00029.8001.00019.9001.00079.40029.10028
ηγP49.9002.33085.4006.00038.9001.25025.6001.32054.3001.72055.7003.920141.9002.670217
地质单元AsCoNiWSnMoBi样品数
CVDCVDCVDCVDCVDCVDCVD
Q89.7001.35063.1001.00050.5001.00073.4001.63067.5001.00067.0001.00051.6001.500
ArPtDC83.8001.00048.1001.33034.8001.320249.10021.11085.6004.88061.9001.40063.9001.380696
ArPtDB122.6003.50060.4001.02050.2001.000177.40012.99059.5002.03055.1001.00072.4001.150179
ArPtDA63.7002.63040.3001.33043.8001.000132.3004.710129.6005.39079.8001.860106.5005.260143
νS34.9007.20077.4001.000135.4001.00086.90010.20029.5001.00029.1009.80061.8001.00028
ηγP101.1001.88048.1001.27059.9001.230635.80072.100179.3004.52094.5002.85068.6001.000217

图2

元素R型聚类分析谱系图"

表2

研究区综合异常分类及找矿特征"

异常编号元素组合异常分类目标矿种区域化探异常对应特征
HS-1W、Au、Sn、Ag、As2钨、金与白钨矿、毒砂重砂异常重叠,异常区发现零星白钨矿化
HS-2W、Sn、Au、Ag3
HS-3W、Au、Pb、Zn、Cu、Ag、Mo、Co、Ni、As、Hg1钨、金、砷与白钨矿、重晶石重砂异常重叠,发现华窑山钨矿
HS-4W、Au、Mo、As、Cu、Pb、Zn、Sb、Ni、Ag、Hg1钨、金、砷与毒砂、白钨矿重砂异常重叠,发现大口子东山钨矿、华窑山毒砂矿
HS-5W、Sn、Bi、Zn、Sb2钨、锡、金与白钨矿、锡石重砂异常重叠

图3

研究区水系沉积物综合异常分布图1.第四系全新统;2.敦煌岩群D岩组;3.敦煌岩群C岩组;4.敦煌岩群B岩组;5.敦煌岩群A岩组;6.二长花岗岩;7.角闪辉长岩;8.实测逆断层及编号;9.韧性剪切带;10.实测平移断层及编号;11.重砂异常;12.岩屑测量异常及编号;13.水系沉积物综合异常及编号"

表3

HS-1异常特征"

元素组合异常强度

异常面积

S/km2

衬度

CZ=X/T

异常规模

CZ·S

异常分带
平均值最高值
W275.690745.1205.035.8329.33内、中、外
Au111.96090.1002.158.1917.61内、中、外
Sn116.76083.0902.202.104.61内、中、外
Ag10.2310.7461.922.314.44内、中、外
As173.79099.1601.082.672.88中、外

表4

HS-3异常特征"

元素组合异常强度

异常面积

S/km2

衬度

CZ=X/T

异常规模

CZ·S

异常分带
平均值最高值
Au42.530123.3008.0701.7313.98内、中、外
Au84.78024.8000.9803.273.21内、中、外
Au92.4804.2001.1061.701.88中、外
Ag30.1460.2120.8181.461.19中、外
Ag70.1600.3251.2501.612.01中、外
As247.17068.9100.7661.701.31中、外
As442.53059.5202.1981.543.38中、外
As555.950123.2601.5232.023.08内、中、外
W440.57086.2201.0643.133.33内、中、外
W528.440127.2302.0892.194.58内、中、外
W632.540174.7701.3862.513.47内、中、外
W957.120242.0602.1724.409.56内、中、外
W1035.800151.7205.3362.7614.72内、中、外
Cu270.480134.4003.4411.394.77中、外
Cu595.770181.6001.5421.882.90中、外
Cu689.930180.3003.2191.775.69中、外
Pb181.600154.0001.2281.822.23中、外
Pb493.330205.9001.2282.082.55内、中、外
Zn1237.000566.9003.8201.897.23内、中、外

图4

华窑山钨矿床地质简图1.第四系全新统;2.二云石英片岩;3.黑云绿泥石英片岩;4.绢云绿泥石英片岩;5.大理岩;6.碎裂岩;7.闪长岩;8.探槽编号;9.实测逆断层及编号;10.钨矿体及编号"

表5

HS-4异常特征"

元素组合异常强度异常面积S/km2衬度(CZ=X/T异常规模(CZ·S异常分带
平均值最高值
Au55.35061.906.1063.6622.370内、中、外
Au62.3004.503.1431.584.950中、外
As341.57068.546.8901.5010.350中、外
Sb23.3806.634.5501.516.870中、外
Cu369.880124.303.2651.374.490
Cu469.80090.901.9081.372.620
Pb366.740138.702.7601.484.100中、外
Zn4184.700383.702.4901.473.670中、外
W745.970201.322.7203.549.630内、中、外
W885.5401 401.0614.036.5992.460内、中、外
Mo34.4959.677.0601.6211.420中、外
Mo43.4703.770.5011.250.625
Mo53.7505.151.0501.351.420

图5

HS-4异常剖析图1.第四系全新统;2.敦煌岩群C岩组千枚岩、片岩;3.敦煌岩群C岩组角闪岩;4.敦煌岩群C岩组大理岩;5.敦煌岩群C岩组二云片岩;6.敦煌岩群C岩组混合岩;7.敦煌岩群C岩组石英片岩;8.敦煌岩群B岩组白云石英片岩;9.二长花岗岩;10.花岗岩脉;11.石英闪长岩脉;12.闪长玢岩脉;13.实测地质界线;14.实测断层及编号;15.水系沉积物综合异常及编号"

图6

大口子东山钨矿西矿段地质简图1.第四系全新统;2.绢云石英片岩;3.千枚状二云石英片岩;4.斜长角闪片岩;5.大理岩;6.花岗闪长斑岩;7.二长花岗岩;8.闪长玢岩;9.探槽编号;10.实测逆断层及编号;11.钨矿体及编号"

表6

HS-5异常特征"

元素组合异常强度

异常面积

S/km2

衬度

CZ=X/T

异常规模

CZ·S

异常分带
平均值最高值
Zn5169.99249.602.3341.363.17
W1189.07839.862.4136.8616.56内、中、外
W1233.5265.030.6012.581.55内、中、外
Sn424.78475.6023.9603.1074.22内、中、外
Bi13.606.399.8481.4013.80中、外
Sb412.21120.504.1855.4522.81内、中、外

图7

华窑山一带找矿远景区划分1.第四系全新统;2.敦煌岩群D岩组;3.敦煌岩群C岩组;4.敦煌岩群B岩组;5.敦煌岩群A岩组;6.二长花岗岩;7.角闪辉绿岩;8.实测逆断层及编号;9.实测性质不明断层及编号;10.实测平移断层及编号;11.韧性剪切带;12.重砂异常;13.岩屑测量异常;14.水系沉积物综合异常及编号;15.华窑山钨矿;16.华窑山毒砂矿点;17.大口子东山钨矿;18.预测找矿远景区及编号"

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