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黄金科学技术 ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (2): 331-339.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2023.02.091

• 采选技术与矿山管理 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于正交试验的小断面巷道掏槽爆破参数确定

章逸锋1(),李洪超1,2(),张智宇3,李恒1   

  1. 1.昆明理工大学公共安全与应急管理学院,云南 昆明 650093
    2.昆明理工大学城市学院,云南 昆明 650093
    3.昆明理工大学国土资源工程学院,云南 昆明 650093
  • 收稿日期:2022-07-13 修回日期:2022-10-28 出版日期:2023-04-30 发布日期:2023-04-27
  • 通讯作者: 李洪超 E-mail:zyf18750304712@163.com;34031826@qq.com
  • 作者简介:章逸锋(1996-),男,福建福安人,硕士研究生,从事岩石爆破技术研究工作。zyf18750304712@163.com

Determination of Blasting Parameters for Excavation and Cutting of Small Section Roadways Based on Orthogonal Experiments

Yifeng ZHANG1(),Hongchao LI1,2(),Zhiyu ZHANG3,Heng LI1   

  1. 1.Faculty of Public Security and Emergency Management, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kun -ming 650093, Yunnan, China
    2.City College, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China
    3.Faculty of Land Resources Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China
  • Received:2022-07-13 Revised:2022-10-28 Online:2023-04-30 Published:2023-04-27
  • Contact: Hongchao LI E-mail:zyf18750304712@163.com;34031826@qq.com

摘要:

为了提高云南省某锡矿小断面巷道掘进炮孔利用率,降低炸药单耗,基于正交试验的原理,对角柱形掏槽爆破参数进行优化。经分析确定,以装药量、装药孔距空孔的距离、空孔孔径和填塞长度作为试验因素,炮孔利用率和槽腔体积作为试验指标,每种因素取3个水平;通过极差和方差分析研究不同因素对试验指标影响的显著性,确定试验因素的最优组合。研究结果表明:对于小断面巷道掘进角柱形掏槽,当空孔孔径为70 mm,装药孔距空孔的距离为10 cm,装药量为3 kg,炮泥填塞长度为20 cm时,掏槽能够取得良好爆破效果,经过多次现场巷道掘进试验验证,炮孔利用率可由80%提高至93%以上。

关键词: 小断面巷道, 直眼掏槽, 现场试验, 正交试验, 极差分析, 方差分析

Abstract:

In order to improve the utilization rate of blastholes in small section tunnels in a tin mine in Yunnan Province and reduce the unit consumption of explosives,after analysis,it is determined that the four factors of the charge amount,the distance between the charge hole and the empty hole,the hole diameter and the filling length are the test factors.The blast hole utilization rate and the cavity volume are the test indicators,and each factor takes 3 levels.Using the method of repeated orthogonal experiments,the effects of four different factors,namely,the charge amount,the distance between the charge hole and the empty hole,the hole diameter and the packing length,on the blasting hole utilization rate and the cavity volume were studied through the range analysis and variance analysis.The significance of the influence of each test index determine the optimal com-bination of test factors.The research results show that in the range analysis,the distance between the charge hole and the empty hole has the greatest influence on the utilization rate of the undercut blasting hole,followed by the hole diameter,the charge amount is smaller,and the filling length has the least influence. The hole diameter has the largest impact on the groove volume,the distance between the charging hole and the empty hole is second,the packing length is smaller,and the charging amount has the smallest influence.In the variance analysis,the distance between the charge hole and the empty hole has a very significant effect on the blast hole utilization rate,the hole diameter has a significant effect on the blast hole utilization rate,and the charge amount and packing length have no significant effect on the blast hole utilization rate.The hole diameter has a very significant influence on the volume of the cavity,the distance between the charging hole and the empty hole has a significant effect on the volume of the cavity,and the significant effect of the packing length on the volume of the cavity is slightly weaker than the distance between the charging hole and the empty hole.The amount has the least significant effect on the cavity volume.Therefore,for small section roadway excavation,when the hole diameter is 70 mm,the distance between the charge hole and the empty hole is 10 cm,the charge amount is 3 kg,and the mud filling length is 20 cm,the undercut can achieve excellent blasting effect.After several on-site roadway excavation tests,the blasthole utilization rate can be increased from 80% to more than 93%.

Key words: small section roadway, straight hole cut, field test, orthogonal test, range analysis, variance analysis

中图分类号: 

  • TD236

图1

角柱形直眼掏槽方案"

图2

优化后的角柱形直眼掏槽方案"

表1

岩石力学性质参数"

岩性抗压强度/MPa抗拉强度/MPa纵波波速/(m·s-1横波波速/(m·s-1动弹性模量/MPa密度/(g·cm-3动剪切模量/MPa
大理岩60.36.625 2682 98960 913.872.7024 122.13
氧化矿72.34.824 8323 22158 866.192.4122 178.66

表2

正交试验因素水平表"

水平号因素列
ABCD
2.753520
3.0105030
3.6157040

表3

正交试验设计表"

试验序号因素列
ABCD
12.753520
22.7105030
32.7157040
43.055040
53.0107020
63.0153530
73.657030
83.6103540
93.6155020

图3

试验8现场炮孔布置图"

图4

试验8掏槽爆破效果图"

图5

试验6现场炮孔布置图"

图6

试验6掏槽爆破效果图"

表4

角柱形掏槽正交试验结果"

试验序号因素列各指标2组试验结果
ABCD炮孔利用率Bu/%槽腔体积Vc/m3
12.75352076780.110.1
22.710503081800.130.12
32.715704065750.100.12
43.05504090880.120.13
53.010702094930.170.16
63.015353050610.060.05
73.65703096950.150.13
83.610354070700.070.06
93.615502059700.100.11

表5

炮孔利用率极差分析"

目标参数试验指标
KijABCD
炮孔利用率Ki1455523405470
Ki2476488468463
Ki3460380518458
k i175.887.767.578.3
k i279.381.378.077.2
k i376.763.386.376.3
极差R3.524.018.82.0
因素主次顺序BCAD
最优水平组合B1C3A2D1

表6

槽腔体积极差分析"

目标参数试验指标
KijABCD
槽腔体积Ki10.670.710.440.75
Ki20.700.720.710.62
Ki30.600.540.820.60
k i10.1120.1180.0730.125
k i20.1170.1200.1180.103
k i30.1000.0900.1370.100
极差R0.0170.0300.0640.025
因素主次顺序CBDA
最优水平组合C3B2D1A2

表7

炮孔利用率与槽腔体积比方差分析"

目标参数方差来源平方和自由度方差F值临界值显著性
炮孔利用率/槽腔体积因素ASAfA=r-1SAˉ=SA/?fAFA=SAˉ/SeˉF1-αfA,fe
因素BSBfB=r-1SBˉ=SB/?fBFB=SBˉ/SeˉF1-αfB,fe
??????
误差SefeSeˉ=Se/?fe
总和STfT=n-1

表8

炮孔利用率方差分析"

目标参数方差来源平方和自由度方差F值临界值显著性
炮孔利用率因素A40.111220.0561.023

F0.10(2,9)=3.01

F0.05(2,9)=4.26

F0.01(2,9)=8.02

因素B1 852.1112926.05647.221****
因素C1 068.7782534.38927.249***
因素D12.11126.0560.309
误差e176.500919.611

表9

槽腔体积方差分析"

目标参数方差来源平方和自由度方差F值临界值显著性
槽腔体积因素A0.00087820.0004396.077

F0.10(2,9)=3.01

F0.05(2,9)=4.26

F0.01(2,9)=8.02

*
因素B0.00341120.00170623.615***
因素C0.01274420.00637288.231****
因素D0.00221120.00110615.308**
误差e0.00065090.000072

表10

掏槽爆破参数"

名称编号

孔深

/m

装药

/m

填塞

/m

装药量/kg雷管段别联接方式
眼数单孔总药量
垂直掏槽孔11.61.20.211.21.21串联
大直径空孔2~31.6--2---
垂直掏槽孔4~51.60.90.220.91.83
掏槽辅助孔6~111.50.90.460.95.45

图7

掏槽爆破现场炮孔布置"

图8

掏槽爆破效果"

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