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黄金科学技术 ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (2): 262-270.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2023.02.129

• 关键金属矿产勘查进展专栏 • 上一篇    下一篇

西昆仑苦子干碱性杂岩体稀土成矿特征研究

杨佐怀1,2(),郭艳琴1,3(),陆诗超2(),段留安4,李峥伟2,黎小勇2,魏彦强2,苏飞2,杨国良2   

  1. 1.西安石油大学地球科学与工程学院,陕西 西安 710065
    2.中国地质调查局乌鲁木齐自然资源综合调查中心,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830057
    3.陕西省油气成藏地质学重点实验室,陕西 西安 710065
    4.中国地质调查局烟台海岸带地质调查中心,山东 烟台 264001
  • 收稿日期:2022-09-28 修回日期:2022-12-09 出版日期:2023-04-30 发布日期:2023-04-27
  • 通讯作者: 郭艳琴,陆诗超 E-mail:cgs-yzh@foxmail.com;guoyanqin@ xsyu.edu.cn;lu-shichao@foxmail.com
  • 作者简介:杨佐怀(1986-),男,甘肃庆阳人,高级工程师,从事战略性矿产调查研究工作。cgs-yzh@foxmail.com
  • 基金资助:
    中国地质调查局二级项目“塔里木南缘边境(省界)线100公里内战略性矿产规划支撑调查”(ZD20220229)

Study on Rare Earth Mineralization Characteristics of Kuzigan Alkaline Complex in West Kunlun

Zuohuai YANG1,2(),Yanqin GUO1,3(),Shichao LU2(),Liu’an DUAN4,Zhengwei LI2,Xiaoyong LI2,Yanqiang WEI2,Fei SU2,Guoliang YANG2   

  1. 1.College of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, Shaanxi, China
    2.Urumqi Comprehensive Survey Center on Natural Resources, China Geological Survey, Urumqi 830057, Xinjiang, China
    3.Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Petroleum Accumulation Geology, Xi’an 710065, Shaanxi, China
    4.Yantai Coastal Geological Survey Center, China Geological Survey, Yantai 264001, Shandong, China
  • Received:2022-09-28 Revised:2022-12-09 Online:2023-04-30 Published:2023-04-27
  • Contact: Yanqin GUO,Shichao LU E-mail:cgs-yzh@foxmail.com;guoyanqin@ xsyu.edu.cn;lu-shichao@foxmail.com

摘要:

西昆仑塔什库尔干一带苦子干碱性杂岩体是区内最大的新生代碱性杂岩体,关于该岩体与稀土成矿的关系尚不明确。通过野外实地调查和镜下鉴定,对苦子干碱性杂岩体的地质背景进行了调查,并利用主微量元素分析方法对岩石地球化学特征进行了研究。结果表明:苦子干碱性杂岩体各类岩石总体稀土元素含量较高,富集LREE,具有较好的稀土矿找矿前景;苦子干碱性杂岩体主要呈Ce、Y富集特征,且与F元素正相关;赋矿(化)岩石为中粒霓辉正长岩,含萤石、磷灰石和独居石等副矿物,围岩为中粒石英正长岩,二者呈渐变接触,接触界线不明显。

关键词: 成矿特征, 稀土, 碱性杂岩体, 苦子干, 西昆仑

Abstract:

Kuzigan alkaline intrusive complex is the largest Cenozoic alkaline complex in the Taxkorgan area of West Kunlun.In recent years,the research on the Kuzigan alkaline complex has mainly focused on the formation age of the rock mass and the source of magmatic materials,but little research has been done on its rare earth mineralization characteristics.Based on the geological background and petrochemical characteristics of Kuzigan complex,the metallogenic characteristics of this type of rare earth ore in Kuzigan area were discussed by means of field investigation,microscopic identification and main trace element analysis.Three samples were taken from aegirine syenite and one contrast sample was taken from syenogranite.The results show that the total rare earth content of all kinds of rocks in the alkali metasomatic rare earth ore of Kuzigan is rich,mainly manifested as Ce and Y enrichment,and positively correlated with F.The REE content of syenite varies from 888.05×10-6 to 1 320.17×10-6,and it is enriched in light rare earth elements(LREE/HREE=13.54~19.65).The curves in the REE chondrite normalized diagram is generally right-leaning,and the differentiation degree of LREE and HREE is not large as a whole.No obvious anomalies of Eu and Ce are found,which has the common characteristics of alkaline syenite.The range of LREE fractionation parameter (La/Sm)N is 3.80 to 26.75.The HREE fractionation degree parameter (Gd/Yb)N varies from 2.94 to 7.98,indicating that the syenite has slight fractionation on both light and heavy rare earths,but the fractionation degree of light rare earth is greater than that of heavy rare earth.The ore-bearing rock of rare earth ore(mineralization) in the Kuzigan alkaline complex is medium-grained aegirine syenite,which contains accessory minerals such as fluorite,apatite and monazite,and is located near the internal contact zone with medium-grained quartz syenite,the two are in gradual contact.The Kuzigan alkaline complex has high REE content and strong LREE enrichment,which is mainly characterized by enrichment of light rare earth elements such as Ce and Y,and is positively correlated with F.It has the prospect of finding alkaline metasomatic rare earth deposits,and should focus on strong potassic,aegirine and carbonate alteration zones.

Key words: metallogenic characteristics, rare earth, alkaline complex rock mass, Kuzigan, West Kunlun

中图分类号: 

  • P618.7

图1

塔什库尔干地区区域地质构造图及矿产分布图(修改自李睿华等,2018)(a)青藏高原西部及帕米尔高原区域构造图;(b)塔什库尔干地区矿产分布图;1.第四系;2.新近系;3.白垩系;4.侏罗系;5.三叠系;6.二叠系;7.奥陶—志留系;8.寒武系;9.新元古界;10.花岗岩;11.黑云母花岗岩;12.片麻状花岗岩;13.碱性岩;14.闪长岩;15.铜矿床;16.铅锌矿床;17.铁矿床"

表1

区域侵入岩地质特征"

代号岩体名称岩石名称结构构造同位素年龄岩体位置构造环境
ξ6苦子干碱性岩体斑状中粒霓辉正长岩、细粒石英正长岩斑状、半自形粒状结构,块状构造

U-Pb (SHRIMP):11 Ma

U-Pb(ICP-MS):(11.74±0.22)Ma

K-Ar(全):(33.6±0.7)Ma

K-Ar(长石):18.045 Ma

塔县辛滚沟口—迭依布依沟一带板内
ηγ6苏巴什—卡日巴生岩体斑状中粒二长花岗岩、细粒黑云二长花岗岩似斑状、细—中粒花岗结构,块状构造

U-Pb(ICP-MS):(13.99±0.76)Ma

K-Ar(Bi):9.795 Ma,17 Ma

向北延伸出图,向西出边境,辛滚沟以北板内
γ53-2布依阿勒岩体细粒花岗岩细粒花岗结构,块状构造塔什库尔干南30 km布依阿勒一带
δο53-2阿提牙依勒岩体细粒石英闪长岩半自形粒状结构,块状—定向构造塔县铁克晒克力克东—阿提牙依勒沟西和帕日帕克沟口南东一带
ηγ53-1阿然保泰岩体细粒二云二长花岗岩细粒花岗结构,块状—微定向构造

U-Pb(ICP-MS):(118.1±1.7)Ma

U-Pb(Zr):(123±14)Ma

K-Ar(Bi):94.2 Ma

塔什库尔干西南阿然保泰周围,西延出边境板内
阔克加尔亚温岩体斑状细中粒黑云二长花岗岩似斑状结构,块状—定向构造塔县达布达尔西边境线一带的高山地带
δο53-1格林阿勒岩体细粒石英闪长岩细粒半自形粒状结构,块状—定向构造塔县达布达尔北西的格林阿勒—达斯特亥依孜沟一带板内
γο52辛滚沟灰白色细粒英云闪长岩细粒花岗结构,块状—定向构造塔县辛滚沟两侧

图2

苦子干碱性杂岩体特征(a)正长岩层状节理;(b)正长岩晶洞构造;(c)浅色正长岩中包含暗色正长岩团块;(d)浅色正长岩呈脉状穿插于暗色正长岩中"

图3

霓辉正长岩矿物镜下特征(正交偏光)Agt-霓辉石;Kfs-钾长石;Di-透辉石"

表2

硅酸盐岩石化学分析结果"

样品编号稀土元素
LiYLaCePrNdSmEuGdTbDyHoErTmYbLuThF
21-TX-1-0415.586.121954575.5318.057.6014.3043.505.7922.103.468.720.905.450.8448.11 966
21-TX-1-0543.762.819855282.5341.055.9013.1039.104.6415.802.376.330.624.110.7338.01 847
21-TX-1-0634.033.816438151.2205.034.708.1324.302.839.131.253.220.281.730.2652.8995
21-TX-2-0110.321.917623620.558.36.582.157.790.894.080.822.500.352.650.592.49589

图4

苦子干碱性杂岩体轻稀土矿化(Ce)与F相关性图解"

图5

苦子干碱性杂岩体REE球粒陨石标准化图解(标准化值据Sun et al. ,1989)"

表3

苦子干碱性杂岩体稀土元素分析结果"

样品编号∑REELREEHREELREE/HREELaN/YbNδEu(1)δCe(1)δEu(2)δCe(2)
21-TX-1-041 320.171 229.3590.8313.5427.070.840.590.870.59
21-TX-1-051 316.091 242.4173.6816.8632.550.811.040.850.64
21-TX-1-06888.05845.0543.0019.6564.150.810.990.860.54
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