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黄金科学技术 ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (2): 219-231.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2023.02.132

• 关键金属矿产勘查进展专栏 • 上一篇    下一篇

滇黔桂地区不同成矿温度热液金矿床磷灰石矿物化学特征:兼论卡林型金成矿流体来源特殊性

刘林林1,2(),陈军1,2,3(),杨再风1,2,杜丽娟1,2,3,吉彦冰1,2,郑禄林4   

  1. 1.贵州大学资源与环境工程学院,贵州 贵阳 550025
    2.贵州大学喀斯特地质资源与环境教育部重点实验室,贵州 贵阳 550025
    3.矿床地球化学国家重点实验室,贵州 贵阳 550081
    4.贵州大学矿业学院,贵州 贵阳 550025
  • 收稿日期:2022-09-30 修回日期:2022-11-28 出版日期:2023-04-30 发布日期:2023-04-27
  • 通讯作者: 陈军 E-mail:13048576651@163.com;chenjun@gzu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:刘林林(1999-),男,贵州仁怀人,硕士研究生,从事矿物学、岩石学和矿床学研究工作。13048576651@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    贵州省科技支撑计划(一般)项目“南盘江—右江地区多期构造/热液演化过程及其成矿效应研究”(编号:黔科合支撑[2023]一般112)、国家自然科学基金地区基金项目“硅化对右江盆地卡林型金矿成矿过程的制约:以泥堡金矿床为例”(41962008);矿床地球化学国家重点实验室开放研究基金“贵州三都—丹寨成矿带Au-Sb-Hg成矿流体演化及对成矿过程的约束”(201905);“右江盆地多期构造/热液演化对金—锑富集成矿的制约”(202210);贵州大学培育项目“右江盆地低温热液矿集区金、锑多幕式成矿过程研究”(贵大培育[2020]7号)

Chemical Characteristics of Apatite Minerals in Hydrothermal Gold Deposits with Different Metallogenic Temperatures in the Yunnan-Guizhou-Guangxi Region:A Discussion on the Particularity of Sources of Ore-forming Fluids of the Carlin-type Gold Deposits

Linlin LIU1,2(),Jun CHEN1,2,3(),Zaifeng YANG1,2,Lijuan DU1,2,3,Yanbing JI1,2,Lulin ZHENG4   

  1. 1.College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
    2.Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
    3.State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry, Guiyang 550081, Guizhou, China
    4.Mining College of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
  • Received:2022-09-30 Revised:2022-11-28 Online:2023-04-30 Published:2023-04-27
  • Contact: Jun CHEN E-mail:13048576651@163.com;chenjun@gzu.edu.cn

摘要:

滇—黔—桂地区是我国重要的金成矿区之一,分布有众多高温岩浆热液型金(铜)矿床和低温热液型金矿床,但这些矿床的成矿物质来源和形成过程仍存在争议。通过对高温岩浆—热液型金(铜)矿床(姚安金矿床和普朗金铜矿床)和低温卡林型金矿床(八渡和泥堡)中的热液磷灰石进行微量元素统计分析发现:高温富碱斑岩型金(铜)矿床中的磷灰石自形程度较好,具有较高的F和Cl含量,稀土元素呈轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损;相对而言,低温卡林型金矿床中产出的磷灰石自形程度较差,具有相对较低的F和Cl含量,稀土呈中稀土富集模式。另外,磷灰石δEu-δCe图解和球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分模式揭示卡林型金矿床相对于岩浆热液型铜、金矿床具有更高的氧逸度。结合右江盆地辉锑矿稀土元素地球化学分析,认为磷灰石(包括萤石和方解石)中稀土(MREE)富集特征指示低温成矿流体可能与特殊的盆地基底岩石存在一定联系。综合分析认为:磷灰石在高温—中低温金矿床中具有独特的地球化学特征,能够有效揭示矿床类型及成矿流体演化过程。

关键词: 磷灰石, 微量元素, 成矿流体, 卡林型金矿, 岩浆热液型铜金矿

Abstract:

Yunnan-Guizhou-Guangxi region,one of the most important gold mineralization areas in China,hosts many high temperature magmatic hydrothermal gold (copper) deposits,such as Pulang gold-bearing porphyry copper deposit,Beiya and Yaoan gold deposits,and low temperature hydrothermal gold deposits,namely carlin-type gold deposit,such as Badu,Nibao and Shuiyindong gold deposits.A lot of chemical studies of minerals,such as magnetite,pyrite and apatite have been carried out,and the abundant mineralogical geochemical data of trace elements in situ have been accumulated. However,the source materials and formation process of the deposits are still be disputed.Therefore,further statistical and comparative analyses of these data may provide a basis for revealing metallogenic information and guiding prospecting exploration.Due to the unique chemical characteristics,apatite can better preserve the important information of magma-hydrothermal evolution process,and is often used to define the fine metallogenic process of ore deposits.In this paper,the trace elements of hydrothermal apatite in high-temperature magma-hydrothermal deposits(Yao’an gold deposit and Pulang gold-bearing copper deposit) and low-temperature carlin-type gold deposits(Badu and Nibao gold deposits) have been collected and analyzed.It is found that the apatite in the high-temperature alkali-rich porphyry gold (copper) deposit is characterized by automorphic shape,high F and Cl contents,enriched LREE,and depleted HREE.In contrast,the apatite in the low-temperature carlin-type gold deposits is characterized by hypautomorphic and xenomorphic shapes,low F and Cl contents,enriched MREE.In addition,the δEu-δCe binary diagram and chondrite-normalized REE patterns revealed that the carlin-type gold deposits have higher oxygen fugacity than magmatic hydrothermal copper and gold deposits.Combined with the geochemical analysis of rare earth elements of stibnite in the Youjiang Basin,it is concluded that the enrichment characteristics of MREE in apatite(including fluorite and calcite) indicate that the low-temperature mineralizing fluid may be related to the special basin basement rock. In conclusion,apatite has unique geochemical characteristics in high temperature-medium and low temperature gold deposits,which can effectively reveal the type of ore deposit and the evolution process of ore-forming fluid.

Key words: apatite, trace elements, ore-forming fluid, carlin-type gold deposit, magmatic hydrothermal copper and gold deposits

中图分类号: 

  • P618.51

图1

滇—黔—桂地区高—低温热液金矿床位置分布和构造简图(修改自Zhu et al.,2020)(a)华南地区构造纲要图;(b)滇—黔—桂地区主要金矿床分布图"

图2

右江盆地低温热液矿集区锑—金成矿相关的萤石、磷灰石和方解石中稀土富集特征注:辉锑矿流体包裹体发育,稀土元素也呈现出弱的MREE富集特征;泥堡稀土元素和成矿年龄数据引自Chen et al.(2019);水银洞稀土元素和成矿年龄数据引自Su et al.(2009);晴隆萤石年龄数据引自彭建堂等(2003)、稀土元素数据引自Chen et al.(2020);辉锑矿稀土元素数据来自本文"

表1

滇—黔—桂地区不同成因金矿床中磷灰石部分地球化学元素特征值"

矿床名称元素
FClF/ClδEuδCe
姚安金矿3.4290.210717.240.701.44
普朗斑岩铜矿3.34080.33589.950.450.92
八渡卡林型金矿3.0228130.0035863.661.310.97
泥堡金矿2.90.0047250.830.64

图3

滇—黔—桂地区不同矿床磷灰石F、Cl关系图"

图4

滇—黔—桂地区不同矿床磷灰石δEu-δCe图解注:每个矿床各统计了10组δEu和δCe值数据"

图5

滇—黔—桂地区不同金矿床中与金成矿相关磷灰石稀土元素(平均值)配分模式图"

表2

晴隆锑矿床中辉锑矿稀土元素含量"

样品编号稀土元素
LaCePrNdSmEuGdTbDyHoErTmYbLu
DJ-1622.90.2500.5100.1100.0390.1500.291.100.0330.0670.0200.0580.019
DSC-2601.80.1800.3000.0440.0110.0470.170.710.0060.0130.0030.0210.003
GL-12491.20.1300.2100.0540.0210.0450.221.100.0060.0060.0020.0130.002
J1-10531.130.0850.0490.019-0.0110.140.890.0030.0120.0020.025-
J1-23531.20.0980.0640.022-0.0110.241.400.0030.0030.0040.019-
J1-3571.20.1200.0650.0460.0080.0440.150.990.0060.0150.0020.019-
LBC-1481.30.1200.2300.0480.0140.0740.220.980.0100.0250.0060.028-
LBC-14400.90.0960.1200.0410.0100.0530.010.190.0150.0340.0050.0380.005
LBC-18501.20.1110.1200.0480.0020.0300.230.890.0080.0100.0030.0100.006
LBC-3320.690.0590.0060.0070.0020.002-0.120.0040.0040.0020.0220.006
LBC-4451.40.1300.1300.0340.0020.0300.211.100.0030.0180.0030.023-
LBD-13482.20.3101.2000.2800.0820.1900.251.300.0180.0310.0060.0250.003
TK-2451.10.0910.0740.0420.0030.0370.220.670.0080.0140.0020.018-
TK-6501.20.0910.0560.0260.0050.0150.241.100.0020.0070.0030.013-
J1-15521.20.1000.0500.0140.0020.0220.351.100.0020.0050.0030.0120.002
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