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黄金科学技术 ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (2): 190-205.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2023.02.181

• 关键金属矿产勘查进展专栏 • 上一篇    下一篇

湘东北正冲金矿床成因:年代学和硫同位素制约

吴华浩1,2(),邵拥军1,2,刘清泉1,2(),王智琳1,2,张毓策1,2,袁梓焜1,2   

  1. 1.中南大学有色金属成矿预测与地质环境监测教育部重点实验室,湖南 长沙 410083
    2.中南大学地球科学与信息物理学院,湖南 长沙 410083
  • 收稿日期:2022-12-08 修回日期:2023-01-20 出版日期:2023-04-30 发布日期:2023-04-27
  • 通讯作者: 刘清泉 E-mail:2653702799@qq.com;liuqingquan@csu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:吴华浩(1997-),男,江西新余人,硕士研究生,从事矿床学方面的研究工作。2653702799@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目“基性岩浆对金成矿的作用:以江南造山带醴陵金矿田为例”(42272100);湖南省科技创新计划“关键金属资源勘查创新团队”(2021RC4055);湖南省自然科学基金项目“江南造山带正冲金矿床成矿作用机制及其与造山作用的时空耦合”(2021JJ30809)

Genesis of the Zhengchong Gold Deposit in Northeast Hunan—Constraints from Geochronology and In-situ Sulfur Isotope

Huahao WU1,2(),Yongjun SHAO1,2,Qingquan LIU1,2(),Zhilin WANG1,2,Yuce ZHANG1,2,Zikun YUAN1,2   

  1. 1.Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
    2.School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
  • Received:2022-12-08 Revised:2023-01-20 Online:2023-04-30 Published:2023-04-27
  • Contact: Qingquan LIU E-mail:2653702799@qq.com;liuqingquan@csu.edu.cn

摘要:

正冲金矿床是湘东北地区典型的金矿床,其矿体受NNE和NW向2组断裂控制,赋存于低变质程度的冷家溪群中,矿床成矿时代和成矿物质来源尚存在争议。借助LA-(MC)-ICP-MS分析方法,对正冲金矿床中含金石英脉中的绢云母进行原位Rb-Sr定年和黄铁矿原位S同位素分析,以确定其成矿时代和成矿物质来源,进而明确矿床成因。绢云母原位Rb-Sr定年结果显示:正冲金矿床的年龄在(219.1±6.0)~(215.8±7.7)Ma之间,黄铁矿的δ34S值(-3.85‰~1.95‰)接近于0,且具有由负值向正值移动的趋势,表明深部岩浆(或幔源物质)可能是正冲金矿床成矿物质的主要来源,有少量地层物质参与成矿。结合矿床地质特征、成矿年代学和硫同位素地球化学特征,认为正冲金矿床形成于印支期陆内造山环境下,属于与深部岩浆活动有关的金矿床。

关键词: 绢云母Rb-Sr同位素, 硫同位素, 成矿物质来源, 成矿时代, 正冲金矿床, 江南造山带

Abstract:

The Zhengchong gold deposit is a typical gold deposit in northeast Hunan.Its orebodies are controlled by NNE and NW trending faults and occur in Lengjiaxi Group with low metamorphism.The ore-forming age and the source of ore-forming materials are still controversial.In this study,by using the LA-(MC)-ICP-MS analysis method,in situ Rb-Sr dating of sericite in gold-bearing quartz vein and in situ S isotope analysis of pyrite were carried out to determine the ore-forming age and source of ore-forming materials,so as to clarify the genesis of the deposit.According to the ore-vein interpenetrating relationship of ore-veins and mineral paragenesis, the mineralization can be divided into three ore-forming stages,namely quartz-pyrite-gold stage,quartz-pyrite-arsenopyrite-polymetallic sulfide stage,quartz-calcite stage.Microscopic observation show that sericite in stage 1 and stage 2 had a close intergrow with pyrite/arsenopyrite.In situ Rb-Sr dating of sericite show that the ore-forming ages of stage 1 and stage 2 were (219.1±6.0)Ma and (215.8±7.7)Ma,respectively.Three kinds of pyrite were identified under the backscattering (BSE) image.The pyrite (Py1) in stage 1 is mainly eudedral and medium-coarse-grained,with δ34S ranging from -3.86‰ to 1.03‰.The pyrite (Py2) in stage 2 has an euhedral,mesocoarse-grained structure and an obvious core-rim zonation.The core (Py2a) is uniform in the BSE image with δ34S ranging from -1.43‰ to 1.51‰,while the edge (Py2b) has an obvious oscillation zone and other sulfide (galena) inclusions,with δ34S ranging from -3.21‰ to 1.95‰.The δ34S values (-3.85‰~1.95‰) of the three types of pyrite are close to 0 and the negative value moves to positive value,indicating that deep magmatic (or mantle-derived) materials may be the main source of ore-forming materials in Zhengchong gold deposit,and a small amount of stratigraphic material is involved in the mineralization.Based on the geological characteristics,metallogenic chronology and sulfur isotope geochemistry,We believe that the Zhengchong gold deposit was formed in the Indosinian intracontinental orogenic environment and related to deep magmatic activity.

Key words: Rb-Sr isotope of sericite, sulfur isotope, source of ore-forming materials, metallogenic age, Zhengchong gold deposit, Jiangnan orogenic belt

中图分类号: 

  • P618.51

图1

湘东北区域地质图(修改自Xu et al.,2017)Ⅰ-洞庭断陷盆地;Ⅱ-幕阜山—紫云山断隆;Ⅲ-长沙—平江断陷盆地;Ⅳ-连云山—衡阳断隆;Ⅴ-醴陵—攸县断陷盆地;1.第四系—白垩系砂岩、砾岩和杂砂岩;2.中三叠—中泥盆统碳酸盐岩、砂岩和粉砂岩;3.志留—震旦系页岩、砾岩和板岩;4.新元古界板溪群碎屑沉积物;5.新元古界冷家溪群浅变质浊积岩;6.新太古界—古元古界连云山群角闪岩—麻粒岩相变质岩;7.晚中生代岩浆岩;8.早中生代岩浆岩;9.早古生代岩浆岩;10.新元古代岩浆岩;11.实测或推断断层;12.韧性剪切带;13.金矿床(点);14.研究区位置"

图2

正冲金矿床地质图(a)及82号钻孔勘探线(A-B)剖面图(b)(修改自Sun et al.,2020)1.新元古界小木坪组;2.新元古界黄浒洞组上段;3.新元古界黄浒洞组下段;4.花岗岩;5.蚀变花岗岩;6.巷道;7.勘探线;8.倒转背斜;9.断层;10.蚀变带;11.矿体;12.样品位置"

图3

正冲金矿床矿脉切穿关系及手标本照片(a)石英—黄铁矿脉被石英—黄铁矿—毒砂多金属硫化物脉切穿;(b)石英—黄铁矿脉被石英方解石脉切穿;(c)石英—黄铁矿—毒砂多金属硫化物脉被石英—方解石脉切穿;(d)石英—黄铁矿脉手标本照片;(e)石英—黄铁矿—毒砂多金属硫化物矿脉手标本照片;(f)石英—方解石脉手标本照片;Qz-石英;Py-黄铁矿;Apy-毒砂;Cal-方解石"

图4

正冲金矿床成矿期次及矿物共生序列"

图5

正冲金矿床2个成矿阶段黄铁矿显微照片及矿物组合(a)自形黄铁矿(Py1)含金、黄铜矿和磁黄铁矿包裹体;(b)黄铁矿(Py1)的背散射照片;(c)~(d)绢云母、绿泥石化;(e)、(g)金、黝铜矿充填在毒砂和黄铁矿裂隙中;(f)黄铁矿(Py2a、Py2b)的背散射照片;(h)~(i)闪锌矿、绢云母化Qz-石英;Py1-石英—黄铁矿—自然金阶段黄铁矿;Py2a 、Py2b -石英—黄铁矿—毒砂多金属硫化物阶段黄铁矿;Apy-毒砂;Ccp-黄铜矿;Au-金;Po-磁黄铁矿;Tt-黝铜矿;Sp-闪锌矿;Ser-绢云母;Chl-绿泥石"

表1

正冲金矿床代表性样品的位置及描述"

样品编号阶段位置/m黄铁矿类型描述
330-11石英—黄铁矿—自然金阶段330Py1石英—黄铁矿硫化物脉,由黄铁矿和自然金等矿物组成
240-11石英—黄铁矿—毒砂多金属硫化物阶段240Py2纹层状石英硫化物脉(0.5~5.0 cm),由细粒黄铁矿和石英组成
D037-8-2石英—黄铁矿—毒砂多金属硫化物阶段290Py2石英金属硫化物脉,由黄铁矿和毒砂等矿物组成
240-5石英方解石阶段240由石英和方解石组成,切穿早期的石英硫化物脉

表2

正冲金矿床不同阶段黄铁矿的原位S同位素数据"

样品编号黄铁矿阶段

δ34SV-CDT

/‰

样品编号黄铁矿阶段

δ34SV-CDT

/‰

240-4-1Py1-3.24D037-8-2-11Py2b1.49
240-4-2Py1-2.44D037-8-2-12Py2b1.49
240-5-1Py1-3.52D037-8-2-13Py2b0.69
240-5-2Py1-3.86D037-8-2-14Py2b1.23
240-5-3Py1-3.62D037-8-2-15Py2b1.43
D034-4-1Py11.03D037-8-2-16Py2b1.68
D034-4-2Py10.73D037-8-2-17Py2a1.14
D034-4-3Py10.71D037-8-2-18Py2a0.91
D034-4-4Py10.78D037-8-2-19Py2b1.71
D034-4-5Py10.02D037-8-2-20Py2a0.79
D037-8-2-1Py2b1.95D037-8-2-21Py2a0.43
D037-8-2-2Py2a-0.99D037-8-2-22Py2a0.17
D037-8-2-3Py2a1.51240-11-1Py2b-0.64
D037-8-2-4Py2b1.04240-11-2Py2b-0.05
D037-8-2-5Py2b1.75240-11-3Py2a-1.43
D037-8-2-6Py2a-0.25240-11-4Py2b-3.21
D037-8-2-7Py2a0.43240-11-5Py2a-0.60
D037-8-2-8Py2b1.37240-11-6Py2a-0.35
D037-8-2-9Py2a0.18240-11-7Py2b0.49
D037-8-2-10Py2a0.76240-11-8Py2a0.89

表3

正冲金矿床黄铁矿原位S同位素测试结果"

成矿阶段黄铁矿结构样品数量/个δ34SV-CDT/‰
平均值最大值最小值
石英—黄铁矿—自然金阶段Py110-1.341.03-3.86
石英—黄铁矿—毒砂多金属硫化物阶段Py2a150.241.51-1.43
石英—黄铁矿—毒砂多金属硫化物阶段Py2b150.831.95-3.21

图6

正冲金矿床黄铁矿的原位δ34S直方图"

表4

正冲金矿床绢云母原位Rb-Sr同位素测试结果"

成矿阶段87Rb/86Sr±1s87Sr/86Sr±1s
石英—黄铁矿—自然金阶段16.4580.9150.8140.005
17.0950.2530.8170.006
17.5260.7560.8110.005
19.5771.3760.8160.007
23.6090.8430.8250.007
19.7250.4160.8200.005
21.8800.6530.8300.008
31.1390.7860.8450.009
23.2100.6710.8130.008
27.0850.7540.8320.013
31.9051.2930.8510.010
24.5941.5520.8440.016
25.6242.2830.8500.008
18.5470.4250.8030.006
20.0720.5560.8170.006
19.8580.7930.8230.009
44.9921.4130.8910.012
45.7782.3750.9150.017
16.8350.7400.8120.005
31.7800.7280.8610.010
14.9590.9640.8130.012
70.9530.1400.9760.004
36.2661.0350.8900.018
26.3950.6880.8540.007
31.4720.7610.8500.008
石英—黄铁矿—毒砂多金属硫化物阶段33.4240.9640.8830.010
31.2540.9810.8760.007
28.2071.6550.8580.008
33.5390.8230.8810.010
36.4990.9970.8830.009
70.4942.5910.9960.013
67.2042.5280.9670.013
81.8454.5801.0280.022
33.0161.2460.8480.013
66.1802.8150.9740.020
59.6091.6680.9430.020
97.5670.1901.0700.006

图7

正冲金矿床绢云母Rb-Sr等时线年龄(a)石英—黄铁矿脉;(b)石英—黄铁矿—毒砂多金属硫化物脉;(c)~(d)绢云母测试点位;Py-黄铁矿;Apy-毒砂;Ser-绢云母;绿色椭圆代表每个测试点位的误差范围;红色圆圈代表打点位置"

图8

湘东北金矿床硫同位素分布规律注:冷家溪群S同位素数据来自罗献林(1988)、柳德荣等(1994)、刘亮明等(1999);万古金矿δ34S值来自柳德荣等(1994)、Xu et al.(2017)和Deng et al.(2017);黄金洞金矿δ34S值来自夏浩东等(2017)、Zhang et al.(2018);梨树坡金矿δ34S值来自Wang et al.(2022);雁林寺金矿δ34S值来自董国军等(2008)、Zhang et al.(2022);肖家山金矿δ34S值来自Tan et al.(2022);正冲金矿床δ34S值来自本研究以及Liu et al.(2019)、孙思辰(2021)"

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