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黄金科学技术 ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (3): 470-482.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2022.03.140

• 采选技术与矿山管理 • 上一篇    

黔西南地区金矿尾矿(渣)潜在资源评价及处理建议

孙百川1,2(),杨瑞东1,2(),郑禄林1,3,陈军1,2,任海利1,4,高军波1,2,程伟1,3   

  1. 1.贵州大学资源与环境工程学院,贵州 贵阳 550025
    2.贵州大学喀斯特地质资源与环境教育部重点实验室,贵州 贵阳 550025
    3.贵州大学矿业学院,贵州 贵阳 550025
    4.贵州大学公共管理学院,贵州 贵阳 550025
  • 收稿日期:2021-09-29 修回日期:2022-02-21 出版日期:2022-06-30 发布日期:2022-09-14
  • 通讯作者: 杨瑞东 E-mail:sunbaichuan7@163.com;rdyang@gzu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:孙百川(1996-),男,山东青岛人,硕士研究生,从事矿产资源勘探与开发工作。sunbaichuan7@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目“化工冶金特色产业典型固废特性及其生态环境影响”(2018YFC1903501);贵州省科技厅项目“贵州省沉积矿床科技创新人才团队”黔科合平台人才([2018]5613)

Potential Resource Evaluation and Treatment Suggestions of Gold Tailings (Slag) in Southwest Guizhou

Baichuan SUN1,2(),Ruidong YANG1,2(),Lulin ZHENG1,3,Jun CHEN1,2,Haili REN1,4,Junbo GAO1,2,Wei CHENG1,3   

  1. 1.School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
    2.Key Laboratory of Karst Geological Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
    3.School of Mines, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
    4.School of Management, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
  • Received:2021-09-29 Revised:2022-02-21 Online:2022-06-30 Published:2022-09-14
  • Contact: Ruidong YANG E-mail:sunbaichuan7@163.com;rdyang@gzu.edu.cn

摘要:

黔西南地区是我国卡林型金矿主要产区之一,已有几十年的开采历史,随着金矿的开采,产生了大量的尾矿资源。为了解黔西南金矿尾矿(渣)资源现状,运用地质块段法、矿物学和地球化学等方法对贞丰—晴隆—安龙地区5个典型金矿尾矿(渣)中金含量、赋存状态及周围环境进行了调查。结果表明:卡林型尾矿(渣)中金以包裹金状态赋存在黄铁矿中,红土型尾矿中金以游离态赋存在铁钛氧化物中。水银洞和烂泥沟金矿尾矿中的金品位超过工业品位,具有二次提金的潜力。同时,对紫马和老万场2个尾矿库周边的土壤、植物和水质进行采样测试,发现样品中的Cd、Hg和As严重超标,对环境有一定的危害。因此,对于未达到工业品位且对环境有影响的黄金尾矿,建议进行复垦种植、采矿充填或加工成建材,这样不仅实现了尾矿(渣)的减量化处理,而且减少了其对周围环境的危害。

关键词: 资源潜力, 金矿尾矿, 赋存状态, 尾矿治理, 卡林型金矿, 黔西南

Abstract:

With the rapid development of gold mining technology in China,the number,scale and output of gold mines are increasing day by day,but the ore grade is constantly decreasing.At the same time,with the increase of mining intensity of gold mines,the number of tailings produced also increases dramatically.However,gold tailings are valuable secondary resources with fine particle size,large resource quantity,low price and no need for mining,crushing and grinding operations,which has a high possibility of comprehensive utilization.With the improvement of ore dressing technology and the shortage of gold resources,the gold tailings has a higher recovery value.Southwest Guizhou is one of the main production areas of carlin-type gold deposits in China,which has been mined for several decades.With the mining of gold deposits,a large number of tailing resources have been produced.The gold deposits in southwest Guizhou are mainly accumulated in Zhenfeng-Qinglong-Anlong area.The gold content and occurrence state of five typical gold tailings reservoirs in this area were investigated,and the total amount of gold in the area was estimated by using the geological block method.The results show that most of the gold in the tailings is in the state of gold wrapped in quartz in the fine pyrite,and the potential pile stock of Lannigou carbon leaching gold mine tailings is about 1.2 million tons,the content of Au in the carbon leaching tailings is as high as 2.52×10-6~3.82×10-6,with an average of 3.13×10-6,far higher than the industrial grade of primary gold deposit,the estimated amount of gold metal is 3.75 t.The potential resource of the tailings (slag) of Shuiyindong gold mine is about 4.2 million tons,the gold content is 1.67×10-6,and the estimated Au metal content is 7.01 t.Both of these two tailings resource have the potential of secondary gold extraction.The soil,plants and water quality around the two tailings reservoirs of Zima and Laowanchang were analyzed.It is found that Cd,Hg and As in the samples exceeded the standard seriously,which is harmful to the environment.Therefore,the disposal of gold tailings has become the primary problem to protect the local environment.For these gold tailings that do not reach the industrial grade,they can generally be used in reclamation planting,mining filling or processing into building materials.At present,it has been studied by many scholars at home and abroad,and its application prospect is very broad.

Key words: resources potential, gold tailings, occurrence state, tailings treatment, carlin type gold mine, southwest Guizhou

中图分类号: 

  • TD926.4

图1

研究区金矿尾矿库分布图"

图2

黔西南典型金矿尾矿库(a)水银洞金矿浮选尾矿库;(b)烂泥沟金矿浮选尾矿库;(c)老万场金矿堆浸矿渣堆;(d)紫马金矿堆浸矿渣堆"

表1

黔西南地区典型尾矿库堆存情况"

尾矿库名称尾矿库数量总占地面积/m2尾渣量/万t
合计19885 1019 411
水银洞金矿尾矿库3211 500420
烂泥沟金矿尾矿库2410 200120
戈塘金矿尾矿库3103 600255
紫马金矿尾矿库8121 00080
老万场金矿尾矿库338 80136

表2

黔西南地区典型金矿尾矿库堆存量估算结果"

尾矿库名称尾矿库编号占地面积/m2平均厚度/m尾渣体积/m3尾渣密度/(t·m-3尾渣量/万t尾渣量合计/万t
戈塘金矿尾矿库13 0001030 0001.44255
21 6001016 0001.42
399 000181 782 0001.4249
紫马金矿尾矿库14 800733 6001.4580
210 00010100 0001.414
37 000856 0001.48
48 400537 8001.45
570 0001070 0001.410
68 80012105 6001.415
76 6001172 6001.410
854001791 8001.413
老万场金矿尾矿库121 884487 5371.41236
28 9301089 3001.413
37 9871079 8711.411
水银洞金矿尾矿库小厂尾矿库(1号)163 000----420
大烂滩尾矿库(2号)26 400----
小烂滩尾矿库(3号)22 100----
烂泥沟金矿尾矿库195 500----1 100
2314 700----

表3

黔西南金矿尾矿库金资源量计算结果"

尾矿库名称样品编号金含量/(×10-6金含量平均值/(×10-6堆存量/万t金资源量/t
烂泥沟金矿尾矿库LNGTJ1-13.823.131203.75
LNGTJ1-22.52
LNGTJ1-33.06
水银洞金矿尾矿库SYD01(组合样)1.671.674207.01
紫马金矿尾矿库ZMD201(组合样)0.340.45790.36
ZMD202(组合样)0.40
ZMD203(组合样)0.55
ZMD204(组合样)0.51
戈塘金矿尾矿库GTD2ZY1-10.390.382560.97
GTD2ZY1-20.28
GTD2010.32
GTD5010.53
老万场金矿尾矿库LWCD301(组合样)0.380.4436.000.16
LWCD302(组合样)0.34
LWCD303(组合样)0.36
LWCD304(组合样)0.66

表4

黔西南金矿尾矿元素分析测试结果"

采样位置样品编号w(Au)/(×10-6w(As)/(×10-6w(Sb)/(×10-6w(Hg)/(×10-6TS/%w(TiO2)/%
烂泥沟金矿LNGTJ1-13.829 4245230.2424.161.04
LNGTJ1-22.525 0175330.1623.711.04
LNGTJ1-33.068 6224570.2034.211.03
水银洞金矿SYD011.671 714153.29-1.49
紫马金矿ZMD2010.341 2401072.84-1.06
ZMD2020.41 4502206.1-0.83
ZMD2030.551 5161433.74-1.49
ZMD2040.511 2871432.88-1.55
老万场金矿LWCD3010.381 94617727.270.1181.76
LWCD3020.341 31817222.050.0631.63
LWCD3030.362 48619310.090.0741.50
LWCD3040.662 6962079.150.0641.84
戈塘金矿GTD2ZY1-10.3976072920.290.201.29
GTD2ZY1-20.2882153016.070.141.31
GTD2010.325884489.95-0.86
GTD5010.537241 70018.14-0.81

图3

黔西南典型金矿尾矿(渣)元素含量直方图"

图4

研究区黄金尾矿(渣)扫描电镜分析结果(a)石英包裹的微细黄铁矿颗粒,黄铁矿为主要载金矿物;(b)老万场金矿尾矿(渣)电子探针图像,Au以微细颗粒赋存在氧化物中;(c)老万场金矿尾矿(渣)扫描电镜点分析位置;(d)老万场尾矿(渣)EDS扫描电镜能谱分析结果"

表5

老万场和紫马金矿周边表层土和地表水样品超标情况"

样品编号样品名称尾矿类型超标倍数
CdHgAs
LWC-Au-S-2表层土金矿2.45.6172.1
LWC-Au-S-3表层土金矿2.2282.1
LWC-Au-SW-1地表水金矿尾矿(渣)--1.1
ZM-Au-S-1表层土金矿--23.1
ZM-Au-S-2烟叶根系土金矿1.41.426.5
ZM-Au-S-3表层土金矿--6.9
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