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黄金科学技术 ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (3): 315-323.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2022.03.176

• 采空区专栏 • 上一篇    

大型复杂采空区群的稳定性数值分析及隐患区域预测

李杰林(),高乐,杨承业,周科平   

  1. 中南大学资源与安全工程学院,湖南 长沙 410083
  • 收稿日期:2021-11-24 修回日期:2021-02-27 出版日期:2022-06-30 发布日期:2022-09-14
  • 作者简介:李杰林(1982-),男,湖南宁远人,博士,副教授,从事金属矿山开采、采空区处理及矿山岩石力学等研究工作。lijielin@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    中南大学研究生自主探索创新项目“基于三维激光扫描点云数据的岩体工程结构体智能识别方法研究”(2020zzts713);金属矿山安全与健康国家重点实验室开放课题“深部高应力巷道围岩结构面与危险块体自动识别方法研究”(2020-JSKS?SYS-06)

Numerical Analysis of Stability of Large Complex Goaf Group and Prediction of Hidden Danger Area

Jielin LI(),Le GAO,Chengye YANG,Keping ZHOU   

  1. School of Resources and Safety Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410083,Hunan,China
  • Received:2021-11-24 Revised:2021-02-27 Online:2022-06-30 Published:2022-09-14

摘要:

大型采空区灾害存在突发性与破坏范围大等特点,如何对采空区灾害进行有效的预防和控制是采空区隐患治理的重要工作。以某矿山为背景,利用井下无人机三维激光扫描系统对采空区进行精细探测,并利用Geomagic对模型进行优化,然后利用FLAC3D进行采空区稳定性分析,确定了大型复杂采空区的隐患区域;将圈定的隐患区域与现场采空区实际冒落情况进行对比,验证了采空区空间结构演化结果与数值分析结果相吻合,证实了该数值分析方法的可靠性。最后基于采空区三维激光扫描结果,再次对采空区进行数值分析,重新圈定采空区的隐患区域。研究结果为矿山采空区安全隐患识别和治理措施的制定提供了科学依据。

关键词: 大型采空区群, 三维激光扫描, 无人机, 数值计算, 隐患治理

Abstract:

The governance of large and complex goaf groups is a long-term process.Aiming at the mined-out area groups at different control stages,the formulation of scientific and reasonable control plans plays a vital role in the safety of mine production.After years of mining in an underground mine,a large number of mined-out areas have been formed.Due to the long existence of the mined-out areas,the upper and lower middle sections of some mined-out areas and adjacent panels have caving through,forming a large and complex group of mined-out areas,which seriously threatens the safe production of the mine.At present,numerical simulation is one of the effective methods to analyze the stability of the goaf.However,in the process of numerical analysis,for complex and large goaf groups,there is a direct conversion of the three-dimensional laser point cloud data into a computable grid model.Difficulties such as huge number of grids,long calculation time,inability to converge or even calculation.In order to obtain a calculable high-precision goaf group model,first use 3D laser scanning to scan and detect the goaf group to obtain an accurate 3D model of the goaf.Due to the large amount of point cloud data from the 3D laser scanning,it is passed through Geomagic-Midas Coupling modeling,processing the model under the condition of ensuring that the basic shape of the model is not distorted,and obtaining a computable numerical model of the goaf group.Then use FLAC3D to perform numerical calculations on the goaf group,according to the stress cloud diagram,displacement cloud diagram and plasticity area distribution map,preliminary analysis of the entire goaf group.And at the same time,according to the displacement instability criterion,the roof hidden danger areas of No.1 large goaf and No.3 medium goaf are determined.The simulation calculation results were compared with the site caving detection results verifies the reliability of the numerical simulation method.Due to the occurrence of local caving,the roof stress of the goaf group is redistributed,so the secondary numerical simulation of the goaf group after the caving was carried out,and the scope of the hidden danger area was predicted.The research results provide a scientific basis for the identification of safety hazards and the formulation of control measures in the mine goaf.

Key words: large-scale goaf group, 3D laser scanning, unmanned aerial vehicle, numerical calculation, hidden danger treatment

中图分类号: 

  • TD325.3

表1

采空区统计及分类"

采空区编号体积/m3类型采空区编号体积/m3类型
1672 843大型143 744

小型

小型

小型

小型

小型

小型

小型

小型

小型

小型

小型

小型

2234 525

中型

中型

153 539
3212 618163 332
461 840

小型

小型

小型

小型

小型

小型

小型

小型

小型

小型

173 077
558 802182 863
657 808192 741
751 875202 712
846 410212 592
927 612222 584
1024 308232 563
1118 301242 496
125 529252 073
134 365合计1 511 152

图1

采空区群三维实体模型"

图2

采空区初始模型"

图3

三角片优化"

图4

采空区模型处理结果"

表2

岩体物理参数"

岩体类别密度/(kg·m-3抗拉强度/MPa内聚力/MPa内摩擦角/(°)剪切模量/GPa体积模量/GPa
变钠质熔岩2.930.2302.67950.294.6376.449
磁铁矿3.050.9713.54547.156.0839.237

图5

采空区稳定性分析云图"

表3

大型复杂采空区群顶板位移失稳判据"

顶板下沉位移顶板稳定性
<10 mm基本无影响
10~40 mm顶板相对稳定
40~75 mm顶板极易破坏
>75 mm顶板破坏

图6

1号和3号采空区顶板隐患区域"

图7

冒落范围探测结果"

图8

冒落后采空区群模型"

图9

采空区冒落后的稳定性分析云图"

图10

采空区顶板隐患区域"

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