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黄金科学技术 ›› 2021, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (4): 593-601.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2021.04.202

• 采选技术与矿山管理 • 上一篇    

金属矿山安全文化对员工安全行为的作用机理研究

史秀志(),丁春胜(),秦亚光   

  1. 中南大学资源与安全工程学院,湖南 长沙 410083
  • 收稿日期:2020-11-25 修回日期:2021-02-05 出版日期:2021-08-31 发布日期:2021-10-08
  • 通讯作者: 丁春胜 E-mail:baopo@csu.edu.cn;837157817@qq.com
  • 作者简介:史秀志(1966-),男,河北邯郸人,教授,博士生导师,从事采矿与安全方面的研究工作。baopo@csu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    “十三五”国家重点研发计划课题“深部高储能矿岩组孔超前致裂精准爆破技术”(2017YFC0602902)

Research on the Effect Mechanism of Safety Culture on Employee Safety Behavior in Metal Mines

Xiuzhi SHI(),Chunsheng DING(),Yaguang QIN   

  1. School of Resources and Safety Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410083,Hunan,China
  • Received:2020-11-25 Revised:2021-02-05 Online:2021-08-31 Published:2021-10-08
  • Contact: Chunsheng DING E-mail:baopo@csu.edu.cn;837157817@qq.com

摘要:

矿山安全文化对于预防矿山事故有重要作用,是被动安全转向主动安全的发力点。现有文献主要关注安全文化与安全行为的关系,但是针对二者之间中介变量的研究很少。为进一步探索金属矿山企业安全文化对员工安全行为的作用机理,引入心理授权作为中介变量。通过对广东某金属矿山企业的工作人员开展问卷调查,并利用结构方程模型软件SmartPLS对调查数据进行实证研究。结果表明:矿山安全文化对员工安全行为存在正向显著影响,并且心理授权在二者之间起完全中介作用。为此金属矿山企业高层管理者不仅要通过加强企业安全文化建设来提高员工的安全行为,而且要善于为员工营造一种心理授权的感受,提高员工的工作自主性和自我效能,从而让员工养成良好的安全行为习惯。

关键词: 安全文化, 安全行为, 心理授权, 中介效应, 信度, 效度, 金属矿山

Abstract:

The development of any enterprise must take safety as the fundamental premise,and safety is the first priority of mining enterprises.Mining-related occupations have significant hazards that are difficult to eliminate and characterized by a lower occupational safety culture and a higher accident rate than occupations with lower or easily eliminated hazards.The safety production situation in metal mining enterprises is still very serious,and human-induced accidents account for most of them.Therefore,it is very important for enterprises to strengthen the construction of their own safety culture and let employees develop good safety behavior habits.The current literatures mainly focus on the relationship between safety culture and safety behavior,but few studies focus on the mediating variables between them.In order to further explore the mechanism of the effect of safety culture on employees’ safety behavior in metal mining enterprises,psychological authorization was introduced as a mediating variable.Questionnaire and empirical analysis were used in this study.A questionnaire survey was conducted among the workers in a metal mining enterprise in Guangdong,and the data were analyzed by using the structural equation modeling software SmartPLS in empirical analysis.The data collected by the questionnaire survey have good reliability and validity and can be used for further analysis.The results show that safety culture has a positive and significant effect on employees’ safety behavior,and psychological empowerment plays a complete mediating role between safety culture and safety behavior.The influence of each dimension of safety culture on safety behavior is different.The direct influence coefficients of safety communication,safety management commitment,safety training and safety incentive are 0.495,0.481,0.276 and 0.155,respectively.In the dimension of psychological empowerment,the influence path coefficients of job meaning,self-efficacy and autonomy on safe behavior are 0.200,0.180 and 0.696,respectively.The study further defined that the psychological authorization between safety culture and safety behavior plays a specific role.Therefore,the leaders of metal mining enterprises should not only strengthen the construction of safety culture to improve the safety behavior of employees,but also be good at creating a sense of psychological authorization for employees to improve their work autonomy and self-efficacy,so as to enable employees to develop good habits of safety behavior,in turn,improve employee safety behavior,to achieve the purpose of reduce and prevent accidents,truly realizing the metal mine enterprise intrinsically safe.

Key words: safety culture, safety behavior, psychological authorization, mediation effect, reliability, validity, metal mine

中图分类号: 

  • TD79

图1

互惠安全文化模型(Cooper,2000)"

图2

研究假设框架示意图"

表1

测量模型信度分析"

维度测量题项外部模型载荷Cronbach’s alphaCRAVE

安全管理

承诺

公司领导高度重视安全问题0.7630.8380.8910.673
公司为员工提供了充分的个人安全防护装备0.840
公司领导看到员工不安全作业时会及时采取纠正措施0.851
公司领导定期参加安全会议0.824
安全培训公司为员工开展定期的工作技能和安全培训0.7590.8630.9020.649
公司为员工提供充分的培训,以确保员工学会各种安全制度和操作规程0.832
在企业培训项目中,管理者高度重视安全培训0.919
公司鼓励员工参与安全培训0.758
经过安全培训,员工可以发现工作现场存在的危险源0.748
安全交流如果我向领导反映安全问题,领导会听取我的意见0.7040.8660.9030.653
如果同事违规操作,我会给予提醒0.760
我会经常和同事交流安全操作的心得0.850
公司领导经常提供安全反馈和建议0.856
公司有关的安全信息会及时公布,并确保员工知悉0.857
安全激励公司奖励为安全生产树立榜样的人0.9470.8770.9420.891
公司领导经常表扬员工的安全行为0.941
安全行为我在工作中时刻保持安全意识0.8440.8700.9060.660
我时刻遵守安全制度和操作规程0.906
我在工作中穿戴劳动防护用品0.880
我积极参加安全培训和安全会议0.868
我鼓励同事安全地作业0.888
工作意义我所做的工作对我来说非常有意义0.7000.7060.7930.563
工作上所做的事对我个人来说非常有意义0.737
我的工作对我来说非常重要0.719
自主效能我掌握了完成工作所需要的各项技能0.7430.7830.7820.545
我自信自己有干好工作上的各项事情的能力0.709
我对自己完成工作的能力非常有信心0.769
自主性我自己可以决定如何来着手做我的工作0.7320.7050.7520.505
在如何完成工作上,我有很大的独立性和自主权0.715
在决定如何完成我的工作上,我有很大的自主权0.726
工作影响我对发生在本部门的事情的影响很大0.7860.7910.7360.586
我对发生在本部门的事情起着很大的控制作用0.753
我对发生在本部门的事情有重大影响0.769

图3

样本描述性统计分析结果"

表2

测量模型效度分析"

安全管理承诺安全交流安全培训安全激励安全行为工作影响工作意义自主性自主效能
安全管理承诺0.820
安全交流0.6950.898
安全培训0.6210.8070.944
安全激励0.8000.7180.7310.876
安全行为0.7500.8810.8120.8170.892
工作影响0.4700.5160.4390.5660.5090.697
工作意义0.5300.5370.4570.4860.6880.2880.751
自主性0.6260.5200.5000.5970.5010.4010.3810.711
自主效能0.5470.5000.5440.5410.5710.4170.4590.5300.738

表3

模型路径检验结果"

路径关系路径系数T检验结果
安全管理承诺→工作意义0.1360.992不成立
安全管理承诺→自我效能感0.2762.300成立
安全管理承诺→自主性0.3643.253成立
安全管理承诺→工作影响0.2211.546成立
安全培训→工作意义0.2632.023成立
安全培训→自我效能感0.1390.976不成立
安全培训→自主性-0.1841.681成立
安全培训→工作影响-0.2051.602成立
安全交流→工作意义0.2381.837成立
安全交流→自我效能感0.2802.295成立
安全交流→自主性0.4073.591成立
安全交流→工作影响0.5313.951成立
安全激励→工作意义0.0800.805不成立
安全激励→自我效能感0.0150.148不成立
安全激励→自主性0.2242.329成立
安全激励→工作影响-0.1271.043不成立
工作意义→安全行为0.2003.895成立
自我效能感→安全行为0.1802.168成立
自主性→安全行为0.6962.580成立
工作影响→安全行为-0.1700.185不成立

表4

中介效应检验结果"

模型类型自变量路径系数TR2
无中介变量模型安全管理承诺0.4812.0370.583
安全交流0.4954.026
安全激励0.1552.531
安全培训0.2763.463
有中介变量模型安全管理承诺0.2692.7520.768
安全交流0.3323.427
安全激励0.2701.465
安全培训0.2641.983
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