西秦岭岷礼成矿带地球化学特征及其地质意义

doi:10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2021.04.022

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过对西秦岭岷礼成矿带化探数据中Au、Cu、Pb、Zn、W和Sn进行分形模型研究，发现Au和Sn具有多层次的地球化学场，指示该区Au和Sn具有更高的富集程度和成矿潜力。通过因子分析法得到的第一主因子（F1）的元素组合为Co-Cr-Cu-Ni-Ti-V-Zn，代表了晚古生代地层，其得分分布与区域铜、金矿化套合较好，表明矿化可能来自于该套地层。代表铅—锌、钨—锡矿化的因子（F2~F4）得分与晚三叠纪侵入岩体一致，表明该系列矿化与岩浆作用相关。F5因子只含有Au元素，表明金矿化更可能受区域复杂褶皱断裂系统的控制。研究结果将为岷礼成矿带地质找矿提供新的方向。

关键词: 分形模型, 因子分析, 地球化学特征, 矿化类型, 成矿潜力, 岷礼成矿带

Abstract:

Minxian-Lixian metallogenic belt is rich in polymetallic resources in the west Qinling area，which has a complex tectonic history.However，there is still a lack of research on the geochemical anomaly patterns and ore-controlling factors of different types of deposits，which restricting the deployment of ore prospecting and exploration.To solve the problems，data of stream sediment geochemistry is utilized to study metallogenesis at a regional scale，to reveal the characteristics of distribution and association of geochemical elements，and thus provide important guidance for prospecting and exploration.A total of 4 095 samples were collected in the area and centered log-ratio（CLR） transformation was performed in the following to alleviate the skewness of raw data and make the element concentration tend to a normal distribution.Based on the fractal theory，Concentration-Area （C-A） models of Au，Cu，Pb，Zn，W and Sn have been established.It is found that elements of Au and Sn have multiple levels of geochemical fields，indicating that they have higher degree of enrichment and metallogenic potential.The geochemical anomalies of Au，Cu，Pb and Zn in the north subbelt can be roughly divided into two categories.One is related to the Late Triassic intrusive magmatism，where Suolong and Mawu gold deposit and Daijiazhuang Pb-Zn deposit expose.Another is related to the regional complex fault-fold system （Minxian-Tanchang fault and the Diebu anticline），where Zhaishang super-large gold deposit and several mineralization points expose.Also，anomalies of W and Sn show a strong spatial correlation with the Wuduojinhua pluton，hosting many mineralization points.Before performing factor analysis， Bartlett test of sphericity and KMO test were used to test the relevance of the selected data.The results show that the KMO value is 0.91，and Bartlett’s sphericity test also meets the conditions of factor analysis.The results of factor analysis indicate：（1）The element association of the first factor （F1） is Co-Cr-Cu-Ni-Ti-V-Zn，which represents the Late Paleozoic strata，and the factor score is consistent with the regional Cu，Zn mineralization，indicative of mineral sources from the strata.（2）The second factor （F2：As-Hg-Sb） represents the association of cryogenic elements，controlled by the Minxian-Tanchang fault and the Diebu anticline.（3）The third factor （F3：Bi-Sn-W） represents the element association of high temperature，controlled by Wuduojinhua pluton and the Diebu anticline.（4）The fourth factor （F4：Ba-Pb） shows similar patterns as F3；（5）The fifth factor （F5） has a single element of Au and it is irrelevant with the known Late Triassic magmatism，which indicates that the Au mineralization probably is related with complex tectonic system instead of magmatism.The main conclusions include：（1）C-A fractal model shows that elements of Au and Sn have higher degree of enrichment and metallogenic potential.（2）The results of factor analysis show that Cu and Zn mineralization probably come from the Late Paleozoic strata，Pb-Zn and W-Sn mineralization is related to magmatism of the late Triassic.The tectonic ore-controlling effect on Zhaishang gold deposit is more obvious.（3）Based on the combination of C-A fractal model and factor analysis，it is predicted that the Diebu anticline has a huge prospecting potential of Pb-Zn and W-Sn.

Key words: fractal model, factor analysis, geochemical characteristics, mineralization types, metallogenetic potentiality, Minxian-Lixian metallogenic belt

中图分类号:

P618.51

马承,宋伊圩,孙彪,王占彬. 西秦岭岷礼成矿带地球化学特征及其地质意义[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2021, 29(4): 489-499.

Cheng MA,Yiwei SONG,Biao SUN,Zhanbin WANG. Geochemical Characteristics and Geological Significance of Minxian-Lixian Metallogenic Belt，Western Qinling Region[J]. Gold Science and Technology, 2021, 29(4): 489-499.

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元素	F1	F2	F3	F4	F5
特征值	6.652	1.972	1.604	1.375	1.007
Ag	0.296	0.409	0.160	0.330	0.241
As	0.111	0.753	0.110	0.037	0.146
Au	0.098	0.173	0.015	-0.184	0.806
Ba	0.246	-0.080	-0.077	0.751	0.020
Bi	0.125	0.058	0.809	0.012	-0.072
Co	0.749	0.157	0.091	0.168	-0.018
Cr	0.832	-0.019	0.123	0.063	0.030
Cu	0.837	0.208	0.093	0.068	0.058
Hg	0.191	0.670	-0.007	-0.176	-0.164
Mn	0.575	0.071	0.291	0.306	0.251
Mo	0.411	0.438	-0.004	0.292	0.079
Ni	0.836	0.089	0.027	0.087	0.025
Pb	0.100	0.047	0.466	0.549	-0.065
Sb	0.012	0.812	0.012	-0.030	0.026
Sn	0.295	-0.064	0.792	0.019	0.011
Sr	0.021	0.162	-0.019	-0.408	-0.646
Ti	0.741	-0.002	0.347	0.004	0.093
V	0.848	0.137	0.161	0.043	0.009
W	0.192	0.232	0.585	0.042	0.329
Zn	0.663	0.303	0.213	0.186	-0.010

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