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黄金科学技术 ›› 2021, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (2): 315-323.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2021.02.104

• 采选技术与矿山管理 • 上一篇    

选冶联合处理低品位含金尾矿的试验研究

冯大伟1,2(),王玲1()   

  1. 1.北京科技大学冶金与生态学院,北京 100083
    2.稀贵金属绿色回收与提取北京市重点实验室,北京 100083
  • 收稿日期:2020-06-10 修回日期:2021-03-29 出版日期:2021-04-30 发布日期:2021-05-28
  • 通讯作者: 王玲 E-mail:dwfeng@ustb.edu.cn;greentech2008@126.com
  • 作者简介:冯大伟(1988-),男,河南南阳人,博士研究生,从事稀贵金属资源综合利用与环保方面的研究工作。dwfeng@ustb.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目“Ag-Au-Te体系碲化物相结构、相平衡和热力学研究”(FRF-TP-17-034A1)

Experimental Research on Treatment of Low-grade Gold-bearing Tailings by Combined Process of Concentration and Smelting

Dawei FENG1,2(),Ling WANG1()   

  1. 1.School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China
    2.Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Recycling and Extraction of Metals,Beijing 100083,China
  • Received:2020-06-10 Revised:2021-03-29 Online:2021-04-30 Published:2021-05-28
  • Contact: Ling WANG E-mail:dwfeng@ustb.edu.cn;greentech2008@126.com

摘要:

为高效回收尾矿资源中的金矿物,对含金尾矿进行了选冶联合试验研究。化学分析结果表明,固体废弃物中的金含量为0.86 g/t。工艺矿物学研究表明,矿样宜采用浮选—浮选金精矿预处理—浸出的选冶联合工艺来回收金。浮选条件试验、开路试验和闭路试验研究结果表明:粗选在Na2CO3用量为500 g/t、(NaPO36(六偏磷酸钠)用量为50 g/t、CuSO4用量为75 g/t、异戊基黄药+丁铵黑药用量为120 g/t、松醇油用量为40 g/t的条件下,通过“一次粗选—两次扫选—两次精选”的闭路工艺流程,可获得产率为14.23%、金品位为5.21 g/t、金回收率为86.21%的金精矿。在金精矿磨至-0.037 mm占70.12%的条件下,直接浸出率为41.60%,金的浸出效果不理想,主要原因是大部分金呈微细粒被黄铁矿包裹以及金矿物多为碲金矿、碲金银矿和含金碲银矿等所致;金精矿氧化焙烧—氰化浸出的合适条件为氧化焙烧温度为750 ℃、焙烧时间为60 min、焙砂细度为-0.037 mm占85%、矿浆浓度为33%、矿浆pH值为10.5、NaCN用量为10 kg/t、浸出时间为24 h,在此条件下金的氰化浸出率为73.76%,与金精矿直接氰化指标(金氰化浸出率为41.60%)相比,金的氰化浸出率提高了32.16%。

关键词: 金精矿, 浸出, 固体废弃物, 焙烧, 工艺矿物学

Abstract:

In order to recover gold from solid waste efficiently,a combined beneficiation and metallurgical test was carried out on gold-bearing tailings.The results of chemical analysis show that the gold content in solid waste is 0.86 g/t.Process mineralogy showes that the main gold minerals are tellurite ore,tellurium-gold-silver ore and gold-bearing tellurium-silver ore,followed by natural gold and silver-gold ore.In the original ore sample,gold is mainly produced in the form of sulfide wrapped gold,accounting for 51.72%,followed by bare gold,accounting for 31.03%,a small amount of gold is produced in the form of quartz wrapped gold,accounting for 17.24%.The original ore sample was vibrated to the particle size of -0.074 mm accounted for 98.15%.According to chemical phase analysis,gold is still mainly produced in the form of sulfide wrapped gold,accounting for 50.00%,with little change.Part of gold is produced in the form of bare gold,accounting for 41.86%,and a small amount is produced in the form of quartz wrapped gold,accounting for 8.14%.It can be seen that grinding can obviously improve the leaching rate of gold.If gold is recovered by flotation,the recovery rate of gold can be increased.At the same time,it can also be seen that the recovery rate of gold is less than 50% by direct cyanidation leaching method,and the gold in the ore sample needs to be recovered by the combined process of concentration and smelting.The flotation gold concentrate pretreatment leaching process for gold concentrate should be adopted to recover gold.The closed circuit process of “one roughing-two sweeping-two cleaning” was adopted.Gold concentrate with the yield of 14.23%,gold grade of 5.21 g/t and gold recovery of 86.21% can be obtained.When the gold concentrate is grinded to -0.037 mm accounted for 70.12%,the leaching rate of direct cyanide gold is 41.60%.The main barrier effecting the gold leaching is that most gold is wrapped by pyrite and gold minerals are mainly tellurite,tellurite,gold-bearing silver tellurite,etc.The oxidizing roasting-leaching improved the leaching rate effectively.The suitable conditions for the oxidation roasting cyanidation leaching of gold concentrate are:The temperature of oxidation roasting is 750 ℃,the roasting time is 60 min,and the fineness of the roasting sand is -0.037 mm accounted for 85%,pulp concentration is 33%,pulp pH value is 10.5,sodium cyanide dosage is 10 kg/t,leaching time is 24 h.Under these conditions,the cyanide leaching rate is of gold is 73.76%,compared with the direct cyanide index of gold concentrate (cyanide leaching rate is 41.60%),the cyanide leaching rate of gold is increased by 32.16%.

Key words: gold concentrate, leaching, solid waste, roasting, process mineralogy

中图分类号: 

  • TD852

表1

某含金尾矿的主要化学成分"

组分含量/%组分含量/%
Au*0.86SiO253.70
Ag*8.21Al2O314.15
Pb0.12CaO2.63
Zn0.38MgO1.95
Cu0.16K2O3.62
Fe9.29Na2O0.95
S8.44C0.53
As<0.005

表2

原矿样不磨矿条件下金的化学物相结果"

相别含量/(g·t-1分布率/%
合计0.87100.00
裸露金0.2731.03
硫化物包裹金0.4551.72
其他矿物包裹金0.1517.24

表3

矿样振磨后金的化学物相结果"

相别含量/(g·t-1分布率/%
合计0.86100.00
裸露金0.3641.86
硫化物包裹金0.4350.00
其他矿物包裹金0.078.14

图1

矿样的X射线衍射图"

表4

矿样的矿物组成及相对含量"

矿物名称含量/%矿物名称含量/%
黄铁矿15.31石英34.50
毒砂0.06长石16.80
黄铜矿0.46云母14.50
方铅矿0.13绿泥石10.30
闪锌矿0.55方解石5.40
褐铁矿0.60其他矿物0.84
磁铁矿0.55合计100.00

图2

矿物的电子背散射图像与X射线能谱分析1-碲金银矿;2-黄铁矿"

表5

金在不同金矿物中的定量分布"

金矿物面积分布率/%比重质量分布率/%
合计100.00-100.00
碲金矿9.219.217.74
碲金银矿60.899.0550.31
含金碲银矿2.999.052.47
银金矿17.5915.6025.05
自然金9.3216.9514.43

图3

磨矿细度试验流程"

表6

磨矿细度试验结果"

磨矿细度 (-0.074 mm占比)/%产品 名称产率 /%金品位 /(g·t-1金回收率 /%
80精矿16.283.0758.11
尾矿83.720.4341.89
原矿100.000.86100.00
85精矿16.493.2062.08
尾矿83.510.3837.92
原矿100.000.85100.00
90精矿20.972.9271.20
尾矿79.030.3128.80
原矿100.000.86100.00
95精矿20.673.6888.44
尾矿79.330.1311.56
原矿100.000.86100.00
98精矿21.603.4286.91
尾矿78.400.1413.09
原矿100.000.85100.00

图4

开路试验流程"

表7

开路试验结果"

产品名称产率/%金品位/(g·t-1金回收率/%
精矿12.365.3077.07
精2尾0.812.842.71
精1尾4.121.406.63
扫1精5.761.006.78
扫2精3.990.361.69
尾矿72.960.065.12
原矿100.000.85100.00

图5

金精矿直接氰化浸出(a)和氧化焙烧—浸出(b)原则试验流程"

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