img

QQ群聊

img

官方微信

高级检索

黄金科学技术 ›› 2020, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (6): 825-836.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2020.06.097

• 矿产勘查与资源评价 • 上一篇    下一篇

西秦岭寨上金矿床构造控矿特征与成矿规律

张斌1(),刘家军1,2   

  1. 1.中国地质大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院,北京 100083
    2.中国地质大学(北京)地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室,北京 100083
  • 收稿日期:2020-06-01 修回日期:2020-07-05 出版日期:2020-12-31 发布日期:2021-01-29
  • 作者简介:张斌(1998-),男,广东梅州人,本科生,从事矿床学相关研究工作。870511694@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金重点项目“秦岭成矿域复合造山过程中印支—燕山期金—多金属成矿作用”(41730426)

Characteristics of the Ore-control Structure in the Zhaishang Gold Deposit in Western Qinling Region

Bin ZHANG1(),Jiajun LIU1,2   

  1. 1.School of Earth Sciences and Resources,China University of Geosciences (Beijing),Beijing 100083,China
    2.State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China
  • Received:2020-06-01 Revised:2020-07-05 Online:2020-12-31 Published:2021-01-29

摘要:

寨上金矿床是西秦岭造山带礼—岷成矿带西段一个十分重要的类卡林型金矿床。矿体赋存于泥盆—二叠系的浅变质碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩的层间破碎带中,受构造控制明显。为了分析构造与成矿之间的关系,对寨上金矿区构造裂隙进行了野外观察和统计分析,并对构造控矿规律进行了总结。研究结果表明:寨上金矿床的主要控矿构造方向为NW向;寨上金矿床的成矿具有多期次的特点,与多期次的构造运动相对应;印支期是本矿床一个重要的构造期,该期SN向的挤压应力对节理裂隙的形成有十分重要的影响,并在此应力作用下元素富集形成了早期的矿体;燕山期受NE向扭应力作用,NW向构造发生继承性活动,岩浆热液顺裂隙就位,混入大气降水,在早期矿体上叠加成矿。

关键词: 构造特征, 节理分析, 成矿模式, 类卡林型金矿, 寨上金矿床, 西秦岭

Abstract:

During the 1990s,with the deepening of research and exploration of carlin-type gold deposit in China on the basis of the connotation of carlin-type gold deposit,some gold deposits were discovered and redefined as carlin-like gold deposits.This is a class of gold deposits that show similar geological characteristics to the carlin-type gold deposit,but their geochemical characteristics are obviously different.The Zhaishang gold deposit located in the western part of the Li-Min metallogenic belt within the western Qinling Mountains is a very important carlin-like disseminated gold deposit.Since it was discovered through geochemical anomaly information and civil mining information in 2 000,many workers have carried out geological,geochemical,geophysical,remote sensing,engineering and other aspects of exploration,as well as researches on mineral composition,texture and structure of rock,orebody distribution,fluid source and ore-forming conditions,showing the superior metallogenic geological conditions and great prospecting potential of the deposit.Based on a large number of field work data and analysis of ore-forming characteristics in the mining area,we mainly studied the No.31 vein and the Zhamashu ore section in the South ore belt,taking the measurement and analysis of structural traces of different scales as the basis.On the basis of the analysis of the ore control law of the structure,the “three in one” ore-forming model of ore-forming geological body,ore-forming structure,ore-forming structural plane and ore-forming characteristics was summarized to guide the prospecting systemati-cally.The results of field observation and statistical analysis on the structural fissures of the Zhaishang gold deposit show that the most developed joints are in the NW-SE direction of 106°~137°,and the joints in the NE-SW direction of 196°~229° come second.It is indicated that the SN-trending compressive stress in Indosinian period,which is an important structural period of the gold deposit,formed most of the joint fractures of the deposit.And the deposit is mainly formed in Indosinian and Yanshanian tectonic movements,the orebody is controlled by folds,faults and strata.In Yanshanian period the deposit was mainly controlled by NE-trending positive torsional stress,which led to the successive activity of NW-trending structure formed in the Indosinian period,the emplacement of magmatic hydrothermal fluid along fractures,the mixing of atmospheric precipitation,and the superimposition of mineralization on the early orebodies.

Key words: structural features, analysis of joints, metallogenic model, carlin-like gold deposit, Zhaishang gold deposit, western Qinling Mountains

中图分类号: 

  • P618.51

图1

西秦岭及其邻区地质构造与金矿床分布图(据杜子图[19]、于岚[20]修改)SF1-商丹缝合带;SF2-勉略缝合带;F1-岷县—宕昌断裂;F2-礼县—罗坪—锁龙断裂;F3-礼县—洮坪断裂;1.缝合带;2.走滑断层;3.研究区;4.花岗岩;5.大型金矿床;6.中小型金矿床"

图2

寨上金矿区地质简图(据刘家军等[24]修改)1.第四系;2.古新统砾岩;3.下二叠统十里墩碳质板岩夹砂岩;4.上泥盆统大草滩组下段碳质板岩夹少量石英砂岩;5.上泥盆统大草滩组上段硅质板岩;6.中泥盆统石灰岩及钙质板岩;7.地层界线及地层产状;8.断层及编号;9.矿体及编号"

图3

寨上金矿床矿石结构特征(均为反射光照片,据Liu等[28])(a)碳质板岩型金矿石中浸染状黄铁矿呈草莓状结构;(b)金矿石中自形、半自形粒状毒砂中,包含他形粒状的黄铁矿;(c)闪锌矿交代黄铜矿;(d)呈胶状结构的菱锰矿—菱铁矿脉;(e)黄铁矿的显微环带结构;(f)黄铁矿的环边结构;(g)黄铁矿的碎斑结构;(h)辉锑矿的压力雁形双晶结构;(i)显微黄铁矿细脉和网状脉矿石;Apy-毒砂;Py-黄铁矿;Cp-黄铜矿;Sp-闪锌矿;Stb-辉锑矿;Sid-菱铁矿;Rh-菱锰矿;Lep-纤铁矿;Ru-金红石;Qz-石英;Cal-方解石"

图4

寨上金矿区地质剖面图(据刘家军等[24]和寨上地区地质图图切剖面修编)1.新近系甘肃群;2.下二叠统十里墩组上段;3.下二叠统十里墩组下段;4.上泥盆统大草滩组上段;5.上泥盆统大草滩组下段;6.中泥盆统黄家沟组;7.中泥盆统安家岔组;8.矿脉;9.矿体;10.断层"

图5

寨上地区褶皱构造(a)斜歪褶皱;(b)尖棱褶皱;(c)膝折;图中trend表示应力方向,即倾伏向,plunge表示倾伏角"

图6

寨上金矿区节理分析图注:N为野外统计的节理总数;图(b)极点密度图中的颜色条的单位为单位面积内的极点百分比;σ1、σ2和σ3均为主应力方向,其中σ1为最大主应力方向,σ2为中间主应力方向,σ3为最小主应力方向"

图7

寨上金矿区断裂构造"

图8

寨上金矿区构造—成矿模式图1.下二叠统十里铺组下段;2.上泥盆统大草滩组上段;3.上泥盆统大草滩组下段;4.中泥盆统黄家沟组;5.中泥盆统安家岔组;6.印支—燕山期岩浆岩;7.矿脉及矿体;8.断层"

图9

蚀变闪长玢岩露头及镜下显微照片(据孟五一[11])(a)闪长玢岩小露头;(b)闪长玢岩手标本;(c)单偏镜下闪长玢岩;(d)正交光下闪长玢岩"

图10

成矿阶段关系图(据孟五一[11])(a)阶段Ⅰ:早阶段的石英脉含有少量硫化物;(b)、(c)阶段Ⅱ:网脉状石英中含有大量黄铁矿与毒砂;(d)、(e)阶段Ⅲ:多金属硫化物与石英碳酸盐脉共生;(f)阶段V:碳酸盐晚阶段形成粗大的碳酸盐脉"

1 冯建忠,汪东波,王学明,等.甘肃礼县李坝大型金矿床成矿地质特征及成因[J].矿床地质,2003(3):257-263,225.
Feng Jianzhong,Wang Dongbo,Wang Xueming,et al.Geology and metallogenesis of Liba large-size gold deposit in Lixian,Gansu Province[J].Mineral Deposit,2003(3):257-263,225.
2 刘继顺,高珍权,舒广龙.李坝金矿田构造地球化学特征及其找矿意义[J].大地构造与成矿学,2001(1):87-94.
Liu Jishun,Gao Zhenquan,Shu Guanglong.Tectonic geochemistry of the Liba gold orefield and applications for prospecting[J].Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2001(1):87-94.
3 黄杰,王建业,韦龙明.甘肃李坝金矿床地质特征及成因研究[J].矿床地质,2000(2):105-115.
Huang Jie,Wang Jianye,Wei Longming.Geological characteristics and genesis of the Liba gold deposit,Gansu Province[J].Mineral Deposit,2000(2):105-115.
4 Zeng Q T,Mccuaig T C,Hart C J R,et al.Structural and geochronological studies on the Liba goldfield of the West Qinling Orogen,Central China[J].Mineralium Deposita,2012,47(7):799-819.
5 孙增战.甘肃岷县马坞金矿地球化学特征、控矿因素分析及找矿潜力[J].西北地质,2011,44(4):33-43.
Sun Zengzhan.Mawu gold geochemical characterics and ore-controling factors and prospecting potential of Min County,Gansu Province[J].Northwestern Geology,2011,44(4):33-43.
6 赵玉锁,肖力,王晓军,等.甘肃岷县马坞金矿地质特征与构造控矿模式[J].黄金科学技术,2009,17(6):17-22.
Zhao Yusuo,Xiao Li,Wang Xiaojun,et al.The geological characteristics and ore-controlling tectonic model of Mawu gold deposit in Minxian,Gansu Province[J].Gold Science and Technology,2009,17(6):17-22.
7 姜启明,鲁挑建.甘肃金山金矿床伴生元素特征及矿床剥蚀程度研究[J].黄金,2011,32(10):10-16.
Jiang Qiming,Lu Tiaojian.Research on characteristics of associated elements and denudation degree of Jinshan gold deposit in Gansu[J].Gold,2011,32(10):10-16.
8 杨秉进,陈平.甘肃礼县金山金矿床成矿地质特征及成因探讨[J].甘肃冶金,2004(2):19-22.
Yang bingjin,Chen Ping.Geology and metallogenesis of Jinshan gold deposit in Lixian,Gansu Province[J].Gansu Metallurgy,2004(2):19-22.
9 孙明.甘肃礼县马泉金矿床地质特征及成因探讨[J].甘肃地质学报,2000(2):28-36,27.
Sun Ming.Geological characteristics and genesis of Ma-quan gold deposit in Lixian county of Gansu Province[J].Acta Geologica Gansu,2000(2):28-36,27.
10 姜启明,鲁挑建.甘肃金山、马泉金矿床对比研究[J].黄金科学技术,2010,18(1):22-26.
Jiang Qiming,Lu Tiaojian.A comparative study of Gansu Jinshan and Maquan gold deposit[J].Gold Science and Technology,2010,18(1):22-26.
11 孟五一.甘肃寨上金矿床地质特征与成矿规律[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2017.
Meng Wuyi.Geological Characteristics and Metallogenic Regularities of the Zhaishang Gold Deposit in Gansu Province[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences (Beijing),2017.
12 王增涛,王建中.甘肃岷县寨上金矿床构造序列及控矿模式初探[J].陕西地质,2015,33(1):9-17.
Wang Zengtao,Wang Jianzhong.Ore controlling mode and structures of Zhaishang gold deposit in Minxian,Gansu Province[J].Geology of Shannxi,2015,33(1):9-17.
13 赵晓强,郭红乐,刘维英.甘肃岷县寨上金矿地质特征及控矿因素[J].西北地质,2012,45(2):51-58.
Zhao Xiaoqiang,Guo Hongle,Liu Weiying.Geological characteristics and ore-controlling factors of the Zhai-shang gold deposit in Min County of Gansu Province[J].Northwestern Geology,2012,45(2):51-58.
14 喻万强,刘纲,王建国,等.甘肃岷县寨上金矿床构造控矿特征及找矿预测[J].黄金,2010,31(9):15-20.
Yu Wanqiang,Liu Gang,Wang Jianguo,et al.Struture ore controlling character and prospecting prediction of Zhai-shang gold deposit in Minxian County,Gansu Province[J].Gold,2010,31(9):15-20.
15 刘纲,喻万强,王晓军.甘肃省岷县寨上大型金矿床构造控矿规律及成矿预测[J].矿床地质,2008,27(增1):15-22.
Liu Gang,Yu Wanqiang,Wang Xiaojun.Structural ore-controlling regularity and metallogenic prognosis of the Zhaishang gold deposit in Minxian County,Gansu Province[J].Mineral Deposits,2008,27(Supp.1):15-22.
16 姜春发.中央造山带开合构造[M].北京:地质出版社,2000.
Jiang Chunfa.Opening Closing Tectonics of Central Orogenic Belt in China[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2000.
17 王宗起,闫全人,闫臻,等.秦岭造山带主要大地构造单元的新划分[J].地质学报,2009,83(11):1527-1546.
Wang Zongqi,Yan Quanren,Yan Zhen,et al.New division of the main tectonic units of the Qinling orogenic belt[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2009,83(11):1527-1546.
18 杨经绥,许志琴,马昌前,等.复合造山作用和中国中央造山带的科学问题[J].中国地质,2010,37(1):1-11.
Yang Jingsui,Xu Zhiqin,Ma Changqian,et al.Compound orogeny and scientific problems concerning the Central Orogenic Belt of China[J].Geology in China,2010,37(1):1-11.
19 杜子图.西秦岭地区构造体系对金矿分布规律的控制作用[D].北京:中国地质科学院,1997.
Du Zitu.Study on Tectonic Systems and Their Controlling to the Gold Deposits Distribution in the Region of West Qinling[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,1997.
20 于岚.甘肃岷县寨上金矿床地质地球化学特征与成因探讨[D].西安:西北大学,2004.
Yu Lan.Geological and Geochemical Characteristics and Genesis of Zhaishang Gold Deposit,Minxian County,Gansu Province[D].Xi’an:Northwest University,2004.
21 刘新会,于岚,张复新,等.甘肃岷县寨上金矿床地质特征及成因初探[J].西北地质,2005,38(4):45-53.
Liu Xinhui,Yu Lan,Zhang Fuxin,et al.Geological features and genetic analysis of Zhaishang gold deposit,Min County,Gansu[J].Northwestern Geology,2005,38(4):45-33.
22 喻万强,阎凤增,杨立强,等.西秦岭岷礼成矿带金矿成矿规律浅析[C] //中国矿物岩石地球化学学会.中国矿物岩石地球化学学会第14届学术年会论文摘要专辑.贵阳:中国矿物岩石地球化学学会,2013:418.
Yu Wanqiang,Yan Fengzeng,Yang Liqiang,et al.Analysis on the metallogenic law of gold deposits in Min-Li metallogenic belt in western Qinling region[C] //CSMPG:Chinese Society for Mineralogy Petrology and Geochemistry Abstract album of 14th Academic Annual Conference.Guiyang:Chinese Society for Mineralogy Petrology and Geochemistry,2013:418.
23 刘新会,张永文,刘民武.西秦岭寨上特大型金矿金的赋存状态研究[J].黄金科学技术,2010,18(5):16-19.
Liu Xinhui,Zhang Yongwen,Liu Minwu.Study on gold occurrence in Zhaishang large type gold deposit in west Qinling[J].Gold Science and Technology,2010,18(5):16-19.
24 刘家军,毛光剑,吴胜华,等.甘肃寨上金矿床的矿石建造特征及成因[J].黄金科学技术,2010,18(1):11-15.
Liu Jiajun,Mao Guangjian,Wu Shenghua,et al.Ore formation characteristics and genesis of the Zhaishang gold deposit,southern Gansu[J].Gold Science and Technology,2010,18(1):11-15.
25 魏宇.西秦岭寨上金矿床白钨矿特征与形成机理[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2014.
Wei Yu.The Mineral Characteristics and Metallogenic Me-chanism of Scheelite in the Zhaishang Gold Deposit in the Western Qinling Orogenic Belt[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences (Beijing),2014.
26 路彦明,李汉光,陈勇敢,等.西秦岭寨上金矿床中石英和绢云母40Ar/39Ar定年[J].矿床地质,2006(5):590-597.
Lu Yanming,Li Hanguang,Chen Yonggan,et al.40Ar/39Ar dating of alteration minerals from Zhaishang gold deposit in Minxian County,Gansu Province,and its geological significance[J].Mineral Deposit,2006(5):590-597.
27 毛光剑.甘肃岷县寨上金矿床成矿作用研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2009.
Mao Guangjian.Research on Metallogenic Process of Zhai-shang Gold Deposit in Southern Gansu,China[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences (Beijing),2009.
28 Liu J J,Dai H Z,Zhai D G,et al.Geological and geochemical characteristics and formation mechanisms of the Zhai-shang carlin-like type gold deposit,Western Qinling Moun-tains,China[J].Ore Geology Reviews,2015,64:273-298.
29 叶天竺,吕志成,庞振山,等.勘查区找矿预测理论与方法(总论)[M].北京:地质出版社,2017.
Ye Tianzhu,Zhicheng Lü,Pang Zhenshan,et al.Metallogenic Prognosis Theories and Methods in Exploration Areas (Introduction) [M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2017.
30 余超.西秦岭寨上金矿床成矿特征与非线性成矿动力学研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2015.
Yu Chao.Research on Metallogenic Character and Nonlinear Metallogenic Dynamics at the Zhaishang Gold Deposit,Western Qinling Mountains,China[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences (Beijing),2015.
[1] 辛杰,密文天,关瑜晴,席忠,张雪松. 内蒙古额济纳旗辉森乌拉西金矿成矿特征及成矿模式分析[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2018, 26(6): 718-728.
[2] 刘学龙,杨富成,张昌振,罗应,王帅帅. 滇西北雪鸡坪斑岩型铜矿构造特征与成矿作用研究[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2018, 26(4): 473-480.
[3] 陈彩华,孙斌,陈冀,陈力子 . 西秦岭中寨—十里铺地区水系沉积物测量找矿效果[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2017, 25(4): 1-9.
[4] 万鹏,丁正江,胡弘,吴凤萍,程蓉蓉,邹键 . 胶东邓格庄金矿床深部成矿特征及找矿方法组合[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2017, 25(3): 46-53.
[5] 曹东宏,崔龙,辛小军,朝银银. 西秦岭马坞金矿床韧性剪切带构造控矿特征[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2016, 24(6): 24-31.
[6] 李凯林,张术根,刘纯波,黄超文,莫京龙. 云南播卡新山金矿构造特征及其成因响应[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2016, 24(5): 48-55.
[7] 王君宪,张小毛,陈彦坤,刘新会,刘彦伟,裴新坡. 河南熊耳地区康山金矿矿脉分布规律及成矿模式研究[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2016, 24(4): 10-18.
[8] 耿国建,马宝军,丛颖,郭龙龙. 辽宁青城子逆冲推覆构造变形与金矿控矿作用探讨[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2016, 24(4): 26-31.
[9] 史老虎,薛兰花,董广法,沈柳生. 老挝琅勃拉邦爬奔金矿构造特征及控矿作用[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2016, 24(2): 21-28.
[10] 王强,杨永强. 广西大瑶山仁厚金矿地质特征、矿床成因及找矿方向研究[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2016, 24(1): 41-45.
[11] 刘开君,樊小龙,余平辉,曾亮,成志雁,马锦龙. 西秦岭不同矿带金矿床成矿流体及其物质来源探讨[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2015, 23(6): 37-47.
[12] 谢智勇,李少东,崔召玉,杨宝荣. 青海果洛龙洼金矿床成因探讨及成矿模式构建[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2015, 23(4): 18-23.
[13] 郑卫军,刘新会,肖力,鹿青,姚薇,党若凡. 甘肃寨上—马坞地区矿产预测及找矿效果[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2015, 23(2): 8-16.
[14] 徐述平,宋建潮,宋贺民. 新疆西南天山布隆金矿床类型与成矿模式[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2014, 22(6): 7-11.
[15] 张帆,王根厚,王阳,周洁,吴春娇. 西秦岭阳山金矿床控矿构造特征探讨[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2014, 22(6): 39-45.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited

  Shared   
  Discussed   
[1] 闫杰, 覃泽礼, 谢文兵, 蔡邦永. 青海南戈滩—乌龙滩地区多金属地质特征与找矿潜力[J]. J4, 2010, 18(4): 22 -26 .
[2] 宋贺民, 冯喜利, 丁宪华. 太行山北段交界口矿区地质地球化学特征及找矿方向[J]. J4, 2010, 18(3): 54 -58 .
[3] 李淑芳, 于永安, 朝银银, 王美娟, 张岱, 刘君, 孙亮亮. 在辽东成矿带找寻层控型金矿床靶区[J]. J4, 2010, 18(3): 59 -62 .
[4] 胡琴霞, 李建忠, 喻光明, 谢艳芳, 张圣潇. 白龙江成矿带金矿点初探[J]. J4, 2010, 18(3): 51 -53 .
[5] 崔廷军, 逯克思, 庄勇, 傅星. 青海省柴达木盆地南缘金成矿带特征及成矿规律浅析[J]. J4, 2010, 18(3): 63 -67 .
[6] 杨明荣, 牟长贤. 原子荧光法测定化探样品中砷和锑的不确定度评定[J]. J4, 2010, 18(3): 68 -71 .
[7] 苏建华, 陆树林. 从高酸低浓度尾液中萃取金的试验[J]. J4, 2010, 18(3): 72 -75 .
[8] 王大平, 宋丙剑, 韦库明. 大功率激电测量在辽宁北水泉寻找隐伏矿床的应用[J]. J4, 2010, 18(3): 76 -78 .
[9] 刘胜光, 高海峰, 黄锁英. 电子手薄在山东焦家金矿地质专业中的应用[J]. J4, 2010, 18(3): 79 -82 .
[10] 黄俊,吴家富,鲁如魁 ,夏立元. 内蒙古兵图金矿成因探讨及找矿方向[J]. J4, 2010, 18(4): 1 -5 .