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黄金科学技术 ›› 2019, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (3): 358-367.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2019.03.358

• 采选技术与矿山管理 • 上一篇    

空气间隔装药爆破模型在矿房回采中的应用

梁瑞1(),俞瑞利1(),周文海1,黄小彬2,王建勇3,熊征宇3   

  1. 1. 兰州理工大学石油化工学院,甘肃 兰州 730050
    2. 福州大学爆炸技术研究院,福建 福州 350116
    3. 紫金矿业建设有限公司,福建 龙岩 364200
  • 收稿日期:2018-06-16 修回日期:2018-11-22 出版日期:2019-06-30 发布日期:2019-07-09
  • 通讯作者: 俞瑞利 E-mail:liangr@lut.cn;18809425883@163.com
  • 作者简介:梁瑞(1968-),男,甘肃兰州人,教授,从事工程爆破、安全科学与工程研究工作。liangr@lut.cn
  • 基金资助:
    甘肃省自然科学基金项目“临近高陡边坡台阶抛掷爆破降振减灾技术研究”(B061709)

Application of Air Interval Charge Blasting Model in Mining Room

Rui LIANG1(),Ruili YU1(),Wenhai ZHOU1,Xiaobin HUANG2,Jianyong WANG3,Zhengyu XIONG3   

  1. 1. School of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu,China
    2. Institute of Explosion Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian,China
    3. Zijin Mining Construction Co. , Ltd. , Longyan 364200, Fujian,China
  • Received:2018-06-16 Revised:2018-11-22 Online:2019-06-30 Published:2019-07-09
  • Contact: Ruili YU E-mail:liangr@lut.cn;18809425883@163.com

摘要:

针对矿房回采时连续装药爆破造成的大块率高、振动大的问题,建立了4种不同空气柱长度和不同装药量的空气间隔装药结构爆破数值模型。通过分析各装药结构爆破时炮孔内与崩矿自由面上的爆炸应力场,得到在一定工程范围内,装药量相同的情况下,有效应力随空气柱长度的增大而减小;当空气柱长度相同时,装药量越大,有效应力越大;应力峰值呈现出在装药段处最大、空气段处减小及空气段中部应力最小的规律,与理论分析基本吻合。运用Von Mises屈服准则判断是否发生破坏,并通过分析自由面上质点的振动速度来反映爆破效果,选出最佳装药结构方案。

关键词: 空气间隔装药, 装药结构优选, 数值模拟, 有效应力, 合成速度, VonMises屈服准则, 爆炸应力场, Starfield迭加法

Abstract:

Aiming at the problems of excessive blasting vibration and impact,high bulk rate,large vibration and blasting hazard effects in the process of deep hole lateral collapse blasting in underground mining,ANSYS/LS-DYNA software based on ALE algorithm is adopted in this paper.The program established a numerical model for the blasting of air-deck charge structures with four different air column lengths and different charge amounts.Firstly,using the initial impact pressure theory analysis,theoretically deducing the stress at different distances from the charging section,the stress peak is increased at the charging section,reduced at the air section,and the stress distribution in the middle of the air section is superimposed and analyzed.Then,using ANSYS/LS-DYNA software,the explosion stress field in the rock mass and the free surface of the collapse is numerically simulated when the charge structure is blasted.It shows that when the charge is the same within a certain engineering range,the effective stress decreases with the increase of the length of the air column.When the length of the air column is the same,the larger the charge is,the larger the effective stress is.The peak value of the stress appears to be the largest at the charging section,and it is reduced at the air section.The law of minimum stress in the middle is basically consistent with the theoretical analysis.By analyzing the effective stress peaks of the four air-deck charge models,it is obtained that within a certain engineering range,the effective stress decreases with the increase of the length of the air column in the case of the same charge.When the air column length is the same,the larger the charge,the greater the effective stress.The longer the length of the air column,the longer the length of the air column,the more stable the effective stress distribution,and the more uniform the explosion energy distribution.By extracting the effective stress peaks of the key elements on the free surface of each scheme,the effective stress peak curve was drawn,and the Von Mises yield criterion is used to judge whether the rock is damaged,and the vibration response speed of the particle on the free surface of the collapse is reflected.The effective peak of the unit on the surface and the peak of the unit synthesis speed was compared to select the best air-deck charge structure.

Key words: air-deck charge, charge structure optimization, numerical simulation, effective stress, synthetic speed, Von Mises yield criterion, explosive stress field, Starfield superposition method

中图分类号: 

  • TU44

图1

应力波峰值与空气间隔层比例的关系曲线"

图2

正压作用时间与空气间隔层比例的关系曲线"

图3

空气间隔装药空气段应力叠加分析图"

图4

采矿工艺示意图"

图5

侧崩爆破大块形成过程"

表1

炸药材料及状态方程参数"

参数名称 数值 参数名称 数值
ρ e/(g·cm-3 1.20 R1 4.2
D/(m·s-1 4 000 R2 0.9
P cj/GPa 7.4 ω 0.15
A/GPa 214.4 E 0/GPa 4.192
B/GPa 0.182

表2

岩石材料参数"

参数名称 数值 参数名称 数值
密度/(g·cm-3 3.8 切线模量/MPa 150
弹性模量E/GPa 25 β 1
泊松比 0.25 C/s-1 2.5
屈服应力/MPa 75

表3

空气垫层材料参数"

参数名称 数值 参数名称 数值
密度/(kg·m-3) 1.29 C 4 0.4
C 0 0 C 5 0.4
C 1 0 E 0 2.5×105
C 2 0 V 0 1.0
C 3 0

图6

4种空气间隔装药结构方案"

图7

爆破数值模型"

图8

有效应力"

图9

沿炮孔轴向有效应力峰值分布图"

图10

自由面上单元有效应力峰值分布"

图11

自由面上单元合成速度峰值"

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